scholarly journals Urbanizing the floodplain: Global changes of imperviousness in flood-prone areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Andreadis ◽  
Oliver Wing ◽  
Emma Colven ◽  
Colin Gleason ◽  
Paul Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Global Datasets ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract Cities have historically developed close to rivers and coasts, increasing human exposure to flooding. That exposure is exacerbated by changes in climate and population, and by urban encroachment on floodplains. Although the mechanisms of how urbanization affects flooding are relatively well understood, there have been limited efforts to assess the magnitude of floodplain encroachment globally and how it has changed in both space and time. Highly resolved global datasets of both flood risk and changes in urban area from 1985-2015 are now available, enabling the reconstruction of the history of floodplain encroachment at high spatial resolutions. Here we show that the urbanized area in floodplains that have an average probability of flooding of 1/100 years, has almost doubled since 1985. Further, the rate of urban expansion into these floodplains increased by a factor of 1.5 after the year 2000. We also find that urbanization rates were highest in the most hazardous areas of floodplains, with population growth in these urban floodplains suggesting an accompanying increase in population density. These results reveal the scope, trajectory and extent of global floodplain encroachment. With tangible implications for flood risk management, these data can be directly used with integrated models to assess adaptation pathways for urban flooding.

Urban expansion and enhanced flood risk in Africa: The example of Lagos

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Oluwasinaayomi Faith Kasim ◽  
Bolanle Wahab ◽  
Michael Femi Oweniwe
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Expansion

Marine Metazoan Modern Mass Extinction: Improving Predictions by Integrating Fossil, Modern, and Physiological Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Calosi ◽  
Hollie M. Putnam ◽  
Richard J. Twitchett ◽  
Fanny Vermandele
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Modern Mass

Evolution, extinction, and dispersion are fundamental processes affecting marine biodiversity. Until recently, studies of extant marine systems focused mainly on evolution and dispersion, with extinction receiving less attention. Past extinction events have, however, helped shape the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems, with ecological and evolutionary legacies still evident in modern seas. Current anthropogenic global changes increase extinction risk and pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, which are critical for human use and sustenance. The evaluation of these threats and the likely responses of marine ecosystems requires a better understanding of evolutionary processes that affect marine ecosystems under global change. Here, we discuss how knowledge of ( a) changes in biodiversity of ancient marine ecosystems to past extinctions events, ( b) the patterns of sensitivity and biodiversity loss in modern marine taxa, and ( c) the physiological mechanisms underpinning species’ sensitivity to global change can be exploited and integrated to advance our critical thinking in this area.

scholarly journals Het labyrint in de letterkunde: Van de Barok tot het Postmodernisme

Literator ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
H. Ester
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Geometrical Figure ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Significant Structure

The labyrinth in literature: From Baroque to Postmodernism The labyrinth has proved to be an essential symbol of postmodernist literature and the philosophy of our time. This symbol has apparently had the power to bridge the centuries between Ancient Greece and the year 2000. In reality the labyrinth as a geometrical figure has acquired various meanings in the course of time. The history of the labyrinth as symbol shows that the constant elements are as essential as the changes in meaning from the Middle Ages until the present day. Two of the new symbolic elements that accompany the labyrinth on its way through various cultural periods are the garden and the path of life. During the Baroque the labyrinth, for example, represented the synthesis of garden, path and maze. At the end of the twentieth century the labyrinth once more becomes a dominant and significant structure. The labyrinth reflects the inability and perhaps impossibility to find the key to the centre of the world and to discover the truth behind the words we use. On the other hand, the labyrinth suggests that the search for meaning and truth is an aim in itself or even that this search can lead to new forms of wisdom. The labyrinth therefore is an ambivalent and fascinating symbol of our time. Dedalus and Ariadne, however, have not yet brought the salvation we are waiting for.

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age covers the period 1900 to today, a time marked by massive global changes in production, transportation, and information-sharing in a post-colonial world. New materials and inventions – from plastics to the digital to biotechnology – have created unprecedented scales of disruption, shifting and blurring the categories and meanings of the object. If the 20th Century demonstrated that humans can be treated like things whilst things can become ever more human, where will the 21st Century take us? The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Objects examines how objects have been created, used, interpreted and set loose in the world over the last 2500 years. Over this time, the West has developed particular attitudes to the material world, at the centre of which is the idea of the object. The themes covered in each volume are objecthood; technology; economic objects; everyday objects; art; architecture; bodily objects; object worlds.

Urban flood risk under global changes: a socio-hydrological and cellular automata approach in a Brazilian catchment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sarmento Buarque ◽  
Christopher Freire Souza ◽  
Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza ◽  
Eduardo Mario Mendiondo
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Urban Flood Risk

scholarly journals Economic results of agricultural companies in production and marginal areas in the year 2000

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
P. Kollar ◽  
J. Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Economic Result ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Year 2000

The article was written on the base of research results concerning economic development of several selected Czech agricultural companies. In dependence on the altitude, the sample was divided into two sub-samples: companies of production areas and companies of marginal areas. Various economic indicators were monitored in these two sub-samples, the most important one being the economic result before tax. Other monitored indicators are closely related to this one – e.g. the required profit ratio, structure of the economic result, tax impact on the economic result. Other monitored indicators were: the structure of the revenue, productivity of labour, labour technical equipment, capital efficiency and other. Time comparison (development during several recent years; comparison between production and marginal areas) and space comparison of these two sub-samples were carried out. In its conclusion, this article evaluates the history of the hitherto development.

scholarly journals Gatekeeping Access: Shea Land Formalization and the Distribution of Market-Based Conservation Benefits in Ghana’s CREMA

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Mengina Gilli ◽  
Muriel Côte ◽  
Gretchen Walters
Keyword(s):  
Organic World ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Resource Management ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Year 2000

Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in Ghana combine conservation and development objectives and were introduced in the year 2000. In some cases, they have connected collectors of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) nuts with certified organic world markets, which can be understood as a ‘market-based’ approach to conservation. This paper examines how the benefits of this approach are distributed and argues that shea land formalization is crucial to this process. It makes this argument by drawing on interviews within two communities bordering Mole National Park. One community accepted to engage with, and benefitted from this approach, while the other did not. The paper analyzes narratives from different actors involved regarding why and how the market-based approach was accepted or rejected. It shows that, contrary to the neoliberal principles that underlie market-based conservation, a utility maximization rationale did not predominantly influence the (non-)engagement with this conservation approach. Instead, it was the history of land relations between communities and the state that influenced the decisions of the communities. We highlight the role of traditional authorities and NGOs brokering this process and unpack who in the communities profited and who was left out from benefits from this market-based conservation initiative.

scholarly journals Fundamentos teóricos y factores explicativos de la Violencia filio-parental. Un estudio de Alcance.

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Jeannet Arias Rivera ◽  
María Victoria Hidalgo García
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Single Parenthood ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Year 2000

La violencia filio-parental es un fenómeno de marcada prevalencia con consecuencias negativas a nivel individual, familiar y social.  El objetivo de este estudio de alcance fue identificar los factores explicativos y la fundamentación teórica del fenómeno. Se revisaron estudios en inglés y español desde el año 2000, de las bases: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Eric y Dialnet Plus, identificando 57 estudios relevantes. Se encontraron como factores explicativos recurrentes: la monoparentalidad, la cohesión, el estrés y disciplina familiar, el historial de violencia, problemas escolares, trastornos clínicos y la relación con iguales violentos. Se destaca la concurrencia con la violencia escolar, entre hermanos y en las relaciones de noviazgo. Los fundamentos teóricos utilizados se pueden clasificar en psicológicos, comunicacionales, criminológicos, sociológicos y modelos integrativos más amplios (Ecosistémicos, Fenomenológicos y Constructivistas). La revisión realizada no arrojó datos sobre patrones de interacción, estrategias de afrontamiento y percepciones sociales alrededor de la VFP que puedan influir en las familias implicadas en estas situaciones. Child-to-parent violence is a phenomenon with a fairly high prevalence rate and negative consequences at an individual, family and social level.  The aim of this scoping review was to identify the theoretical frameworks and explanatory factors for this phenomenon. The review comprised studies written in English and Spanish since the year 2000, from the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC and Dialnet Plus. A total of 57 relevant studies were identified. The recurrent explanatory factors were: single parenthood, cohesion, stress, family discipline, history of violence, problems at school, clinical disorders and violent peer relationships. The concurrence of school, sibling and dating violence was particularly noteworthy. The theoretical frameworks referred to can be grouped into psychological, communicational, criminological, sociological and broader integrative models (Ecosystemic, Phenomenological and Constructivist). No data was found on interaction patterns, coping strategies or social perceptions of CPV which may influence families immersed in these kinds of situations.

scholarly journals City in Dragon Circle: Study of the History of Pagoda and Its Deployment in Manado, 1819 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Robert Bernadus Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Impact

This study discusses the history of the pagoda formation and its distribution along with the presence of Chinese existence in Manado. This study also discusses the factors and the impact of the pagoda in Manado. The first pagoda in Manado was beginning to exist in 1819, and in a fairly long period until 2018, the development and distribution were very slow despite the presence of Chinese in this area since the 17th century. This study was carried out using historical methods and analysis. The data obtained were processed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the presence of the pagoda together with the initial settlement of Chinese people brought by the Dutch VOC was aimed to build the fort of Fort Amsterdam. Although it impressed by the slow erection and distribution of pagodas in Manado, the causal factors and the impact are interesting in relation to interfaith, interethnic relations, urban expansion, religious space contestation, opening wider economic access and become tourism destinations.

scholarly journals Chronological reflection on monitoring urban areas subsidence due to groundwater extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 07015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Radutu ◽  
Radu Constantin Gogu
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Groundwater Withdrawal ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subsidence Monitoring

Land subsidence affects urban areas worldwide. Sometimes it could be driven by intensive groundwater withdrawal to assure different urban needs and functionalities. Some of these urban areas have a long history of subsidence that covers almost a century. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of several urban areas affected by land subsidence, the methods used to monitor vertical displacements along the decades in relationship to the groundwater extraction associated to the urban expansion, and the mitigation techniques used for countering the effects of intensive groundwater withdrawal. Even the originally applied subsidence monitoring methods (such as geometric levelling) are still very sensitive, in terms of time consuming, covered area, and financial effort, these methods might be complemented by new methods based on Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). InSAR methods show also a significant progress during the last decades when considering the subsidence sensed order of magnitude.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document