scholarly journals Carriage of Cdt-B Encoding Campylobacter spp., Salmonella Enterica, and Yersinia Entercolitica in Patients With Gastroenteritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ganji ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Shirazi ◽  
Masoud Alebouyeh ◽  
Parisa Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Rahbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Introduction: Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is one of the bacterial toxins that present in a variety of Gram-negative human pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. CDT composed of three subunits encoded by three adjacent genes, including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. It is approved that cdtB had toxic activity and caused DNA damage of the host cell. Despite its presence in different bacterial species, role of Cdt in acute and chronic infections, such as gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclear. To analyze this correlation, we studied the prevalence of cdtB among different enteropathogenic bacteria in patients with gastroenteritis and IBS compared with healthy people.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 230 stool samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and healthy people. The presence of Cdt-B encoding bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia entercolitica, Providencia alkalifacience, and Salmonella enterica was examined by polymerase chain reaction using genus specific primers. Results: Out of 230 stool samples, Cdt-B encoding Campylobacter spp. were found in 34.6% (52/150), 6.25% (5/80), and 4% (2/50) of the patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and the control group, respectively. Carriage of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella enterica was characterized among 5.3% (8/150) of the patients with gastroenteritis and 17.5% (14/80) of the IBS patients. Although none of the patients carried cdtB of E. coli and Providencia spp., cdtB of Y. enterocolitica was detected in 1 of the patients with gastroenteritis (0.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between infection with CdtB-encoding Campylobacter spp. and IBS-D subtype. No significant correlation was found between infection with Cdt-B encoding bacteria, and other clinical and demographic data.Conclusion: Our results confirmed relatively higher frequency of Cdt-B encoding bacteria in the intestine of IBS patients and those with gastroenteritis compared with healthy individuals. Regarding the frequency of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria, it was proposed that infection with these enteropathogens could be considered as a risk factor for the development or progression of IBS among the Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to establish this involvemet.

scholarly journals Carriage of Cdt-B Encoding Campylobacter spp., Salmonellaenterica, and Yersinia entercolitica in Patients with Gastroenteritis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ganji ◽  
Mohmmad Hassan Shirazi ◽  
Masoud Alebouyeh ◽  
Parisa Eslami ◽  
Naser Ebrahim Daryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is one of the bacterial toxins that present in a variety of Gram-negative human pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. CDT composed of three subunits encoded by three adjacent genes, including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. It is approved that cdtB had toxic activity and caused DNA damage of the host cell. Despite its presence in different bacterial species, role of Cdt in acute and chronic infections, such as gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is unclear. To analyze this correlation, we studied the prevalence of cdtB among different enteropathogenic bacteria in patients with gastroenteritis and IBS compared with healthy people. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 230 stool samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and healthy people. The presence of Cdt-B encoding bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia entercolitica, Providencia alkalifacience, and Salmonella enterica was examined by polymerase chain reaction. Demographic data and type of disease was collected through interview and a questionnaire.Results: Out of 230 stool samples, Cdt-B encoding Campylobacter spp. were found in 34.6% (52/150), 6.25% (5/80), and 4% (2/50) of the patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and the control group, respectively. Carriage of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella enterica was characterized among 5.3% (8/150) of the patients with gastroenteritis and 17.5% (14/80) of the IBS patients. Although none of the patients carried cdtB of E. coli and Providencia spp., cdtB of Y. enterocolitica was detected in 1 of the patients with gastroenteritis (0.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between infection with CdtB-encoding Campylobacter spp. and IBS-D subtype. No significant correlation was found between infection with Cdt-B encoding bacteria, and other clinical and demographic data.Conclusions: Our results confirmed relatively higher frequency of Cdt-B encoding bacteria in the intestine of IBS patients and those with gastroenteritis compared with healthy individuals. Regarding the frequency of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria, it was proposed that infection with these enteropathogens could be considered as a risk factor for the development or progression of IBS among the Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to establish this involvement.

scholarly journals Blastocystis sp. Carriage and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is the Association Already Established?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Beatriz Lobo ◽  
Lidia Goterris ◽  
Carmen Alonso-Cotoner ◽  
Javier Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. detection among asymptomatic subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to evaluate the potential association between irritable bowel syndrome and the parasitic infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study where adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria were included. A control group was formed by asymptomatic subjects older than 18 years. Exclusion criteria were: immunosuppressive condition or having received any drug with demonstrated activity against Blastocystis sp. within the last 6 months before study inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical information was collected from all included participants. Two stool samples were obtained from all participants: one sample for microscopic examination and one sample for Blastocystis sp. PCR detection. Blastocystis sp. infection was defined by the positivity of any of the diagnostic techniques. Results: Seventy-two participants were included (36 asymptomatic subjects and 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-five (48.6%) were men, and median age of participants was 34 (IQR 29–49) years. The overall rate of Blastocystis sp. carriage was 27.8% (20/72). The prevalence assessed through microscopic examination was 22.2% (16/72), while the prevalence measured by PCR was 15.3% (11/72). When comparing the presence of Blastocystis sp. between asymptomatic subjects and IBS patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference (36.1% vs. 19.4% respectively, p = 0.114). Conclusions: regarding the occurrence of Blastocystis sp., no differences were found between asymptomatic participants and patients with irritable bowel disease irrespective of the diagnostic technique performed.

scholarly journals Digestive symptoms in daily life of chronic adrenal insufficiency patients are similar to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Quénéhervé ◽  
D. Drui ◽  
J. Blin ◽  
M. Péré ◽  
E. Coron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Rome Iv

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in acute adrenal insufficiency. Although digestive symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life, they are rarely described in patients with treated chronic adrenal insufficiency (CAI). We aimed to characterize digestive symptoms in CAI patients. We used the section pertaining functional bowel disorders of the Rome IV questionnaire. A questionnaire was published on the website of the non-profit patient association “Adrenals” (NPPA of CAI patients) for five months. Information on demographics, characteristics of adrenal insufficiency, digestive symptoms and quality of life was collected. The relatives of CAI patients served as a control group. We analyzed responses of 33 control subjects and 119 patients (68 primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), 30 secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and 21 congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)). Abdominal pain at least once a week over the past 3 months was reported by 40%, 47% and 33% of patients with PAI, SAI and CAH respectively versus 15% for the controls (p = 0.01). Symptoms were consistent with the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in 27%, 33% and 33% of patients respectively versus 6% for the controls (p < 0.0001). Quality of life was described as poor or very poor in 35%, 57% and 24% of patients respectively versus 5% for the controls (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, digestive symptoms are frequent and incapacitating in CAI patients and similar to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in 30% of CAI patients. Assessment and management of digestive symptoms should be considered a priority for physicians treating patients with CAI.

scholarly journals First Report of a Foodborne Salmonella enterica Serovar Gloucester (4:i:l,w) ST34 Strain Harboring blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS Genes Located in IS26-Mediated Composite Transposon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Li ◽  
Rikke Heidemann Olsen ◽  
Anhua Song ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production and (fluoro)quinolone (FQ) resistance among Salmonella pose a public health threat. The objective of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of an ESBL-producing and nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Gloucester isolate (serotype 4:i:l,w) of sequence type 34 (ST34) from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products in China. Whole-genome short and long read sequencing (HiSeq and MinION) results showed that it contained blaCTX–M–55, qnrS1, and tetB genes, with blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 located in chromosomal IS26-mediated composite transposon (IS26–qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55–ISEcp1–IS26). The same genetic structure was found in the chromosome of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain and in several plasmids of Escherichia coli, indicating that the IS26-mediated composite transposon in the chromosome of S. Gloucester may originate from plasmids of E. coli and possess the ability to disseminate to Salmonella and other bacterial species. Besides, the structural unit qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55 was also observed to be linked with ISKpn19 in both the chromosomes and plasmids of various bacteria species, highlighting the contribution of the insertion sequences (IS26 and ISKpn19) to the co-dissemination of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1. To our knowledge, this is the first description of chromosomal blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS in S. Gloucester from RTE meat products. Our work expands the host range and provides additional evidence of the co-transfer of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 among different species of Salmonella through the food chain.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Haiyong Ye ◽  
Bin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescent Girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Banazadeh ◽  
Najmeh Jaberi ◽  
Fatemeh Hoseinkhani ◽  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Dietary factors are associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults, but no studies have ever investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of IBS among adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 750 adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years old were recruited using a random cluster sampling method from several schools in different areas of Mashhad city, Iran. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the modified version of Rome III questionnaire were administered to assess the participants' dietary intakes and IBS, respectively. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric variables were also obtained. Factor analysis was performed to identify major dietary patterns. Results: The dietary patterns of healthy, mix, and western were identified in this study. An inverse non-significant association was also observed between the healthy dietary pattern and IBS (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.47-1.48). The relationship of IBS prevalence with mix and western dietary patterns was also non-significant. Conclusions: No statistically significant associations were found between dietary patterns and IBS among Iranian girl adolescents. Further studies, particularly longitudinal intervention studies with a larger sample size are required in this area.

scholarly journals Clinical Response and Changes of Cytokines and Zonulin Levels in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated with Bifidobacterium Longum ES1 for 8 or 12 Weeks: A Preliminary Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Caviglia ◽  
Alessandra Tucci ◽  
Rinaldo Pellicano ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Chiara Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) ES1 is a probiotic strain capable of modulating microbiome composition, anti-inflammatory activity and intestinal barrier function. We investigated the use of B. Longum ES1 in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Sixteen patients were treated for 8 or 12 weeks with B. Longum ES1 (1 × 109 CFU/day). Serum zonulin and cytokines were measured at baseline (T0) and at the end of therapy (T1). Clinical response to therapy was assessed by IBS Severity Scoring System. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels decreased from T0 to T1, irrespective of treatment duration (p < 0.05), while zonulin levels diminished only in patients treated for 12 weeks (p = 0.036). Clinical response was observed in 5/16 patients (31%): 4/8 (50%) treated for 12 weeks and 1/8 (13%) treated for 8 weeks. Abdominal pain improved only in patients treated for 12 weeks (5/8 vs. 0/8, p = 0.025), while stool consistency improved regardless of therapy duration (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of this pilot study showed, in IBS-D patients treated for 12 weeks with B. longum ES1, a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal permeability as well as an improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms, but further studies including a placebo-control group are necessary to prove a causal link.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hills ◽  
Benjamin Pontefract ◽  
Hillary Mishcon ◽  
Cody Black ◽  
Steven Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Prebiotic Fiber

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders and colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence in Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden of care. Dietary patterns and environmental factors have a profound effect on shaping gut microbiota in real time. Diverse populations of intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through the fermentation of dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with important roles in lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that an individual’s starting microbial profile is a key determinant in predicting their response to intervention with live probiotics. The gut microbiota is complex and challenging to characterize. Enterotypes have been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla, and the relative abundance of beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition and relative populations of bacterial species are linked to physiologic health along different axes. We review the role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora. The implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.

Self-Concept and Relational Concomitants of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Day ◽  
A.D. Stuart ◽  
H.G. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Supportive Relationships ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Formal Relations ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common conditions referred to gastroenterologists, but one of the least well understood. Part of the reason for this is the lack of consensus of opinion regarding the nature of the complaint. A growing body of evidence attests to the fact that, although certain physiological mechanisms exist that may contribute to the disorder, psychological factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBS in a significant proportion of the patients. In particular, a variety of investigations point to a relationship between self-concept and supportive relationships as being important determinants in health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine whether statistically significant differences could be found between individuals suffering from IBS and healthy controls in terms of their self-concept and level of adjustment in terms of relationships, by analysing the results obtained on two psychometric questionnaires, namely the Personal, Home, Social and Formal Relations Questionnaire, and the Adolescent Self-Concept Scale. Statistically significant differences were found between a group of IBS sufferers and a non-IBS control group on the following sub-scales of the Personal, Home, Social and Formal relations Questionnaire: Self-esteem, Nervousness, Health, Family Influences, Personal Influences, Sociability – G, and Moral Sense, with the IBS group achieving higher on these sub-scales. Statistically significant differences were also found in the following dimensions of the Adolescent Self-Concept Scale: Physical Self, Personal Self, Family Self, and Social Self, with the IBS group again achieving higher on these dimensions than the non-IBS group.

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