scholarly journals  Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic US Population 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rigatti ◽  
Robert L. Stout
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Methods: We performed SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with the Roche e602 SARS CoV-2 Immuno system on 50,257 consecutive life insurance applicants who were having blood drawn for the purpose of underwriting mortality risk. Other variables included height, weight, and blood pressure at the time of the blood draw, a history of smoking and common chronic diseases (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer).Results: The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.0%, and was fairly consistent across the age range and similar in males and females. Geographical distribution revealed a very high level of positivity in the state of New York compared to all other areas (17.1%). Using US Census state population data to adjust state specific rates of positivity, it is estimated that this level of seropositivity would correspond to 6.98 million (99% CI: 6.56-7.38 million) SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US, which is 3.8 times the cumulative number of cases in the US reported to the CDC as of June 1, 2020.Conclusions: The estimated number of total SARS-CoV-2 infections based on positive serology is substantially higher than the total number of cases reported to the CDC. There is no apparent increase of risk of infection for individuals self-reporting, smoking, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension or cancer.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence and Association with Routine Laboratory Values in a Life Insurance Applicant Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Rigatti ◽  
Robert Stout
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Laboratory Values ◽  
The Us

Objectives: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population is largely unknown. Since many infections, even among the elderly and other vulnerable populations, are asymptomatic, the prevalence of antibodies could help determine how far along the path to herd immunity the general population has progressed. Also, in order to clarify the clinical manifestations of current or recent past COVID-19 illness, it may be useful to determine if there are any common alterations in routine clinical laboratory values. Methods: We performed SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests on 50,130 consecutive life insurance applicants who were having blood drawn for the purpose of underwriting (life risk assessment). Subjects were also tested for lipids, liver function tests, renal function studies, as well as serum proteins. Other variables included height, weight, blood pressure at the time of the blood draw, and history of common chronic diseases (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer). Results: The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.0%, and was fairly consistent across the age range and similar in males and females. Several of the routine laboratory tests obtained were significantly different in antibody-positive vs. antibody-negative subjects, including albumin, globulins, bilirubin, and the urine albumin:creatinine ratio. The BMI was also significantly higher in the antibody-positive group. Geographical distribution revealed a very high level of positivity in the state of New York compared to all other areas (17.1%). Using state population data from the US Census, it is estimated that this level of seropositivity would correspond to 6.98 million (99% CI: 6.56-7.38 million) SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US, which is 3.8 times the cumulative number of cases in the US reported to the CDC as of June 1, 2020. Conclusions: The estimated number of total SARS-CoV-2 infections based on positive serology is substantially higher than the total number of cases reported to the CDC. Certain laboratory values, particularly serum protein levels, are associated with positive serology, though these associations are not likely to be clinically meaningful.

Functioning of Ukrainian Bureau in Washington D. C. (March 1939 – May 1940)

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Danylo Kravets
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
History Of Journalism ◽  
The Military

The aim of the Ukrainian Bureau in Washington was propaganda of Ukrainian question among US government and American publicity in general. Functioning of the Bureau is not represented non in Ukrainian neither in foreign historiographies, so that’s why the main goal of presented paper is to investigate its activity. The research is based on personal papers of Ukrainian diaspora representatives (O. Granovskyi, E. Skotzko, E. Onatskyi) and articles from American and Ukrainian newspapers. The second mass immigration of Ukrainians to the US (1914‒1930s) has often been called the «military» immigration and what it lacked in numbers, it made up in quality. Most immigrants were educated, some with college degrees. The founder of the Ukrainian Bureau Eugene Skotzko was born near Western Ukrainian town of Zoloczhiv and immigrated to the United States in late 1920s after graduating from Lviv Polytechnic University. In New York he began to collaborate with OUN member O. Senyk-Hrabivskyi who gave E. Skotzko task to create informational bureau for propaganda of Ukrainian case. On March 23 1939 the Bureau was founded in Washington D. C. E. Skotzko was an editor of its Informational Bulletins. The Bureau biggest problem was lack of financial support. It was the main reason why it stopped functioning in May 1940. During 14 months of functioning Ukrainian Bureau in Washington posted dozens of informational bulletins and send it to hundreds of addressees; E. Skotzko, as a director, personally wrote to American governmental institutions and foreign diplomats informing about Ukrainian problem in Europe. Ukrainian Bureau activity is an inspiring example for those who care for informational policy of modern Ukraine.Keywords: Ukrainian small encyclopedia, Yevhen Onatsky, journalism, worldview, Ukrainian state. Keywords: Ukrainian Bureau in Washington, Eugene Skotzko, public opinion, history of journalism, diaspora.

P4784Efficacy and safety of dronedarone by duration of atrial fibrillation history: a post-hoc analysis of the ATHENA trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Blomstrom-Lundqvist ◽  
N Marrouche ◽  
S Connolly ◽  
V Corp Dit Genti ◽  
M Wieloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New York ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Summary Relative Risk ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Symptom Recurrence

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to progress over time and the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic therapy may vary based on the duration of a patient's AF history. Outcomes with dronedarone (DRO) based on duration of AF/atrial flutter (AFL) history have not been previously characterized. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DRO by time since first known AF/AFL episode in patients studied in the ATHENA trial. Methods 2859 (61.8%) patients from ATHENA with documented first known AF/AFL episode (of 4628 total patients randomized) were included in the analysis. Among these patients, first AF/AFL episode was reported at <3 months (shorter history), 3 to <24 months (intermediate), and ≥24 months (longer) in 1296 (45.3%), 845 (29.6%) and 718 (25.1%) patients, respectively. AF/AFL recurrence was evaluated in patients in sinus rhythm at baseline by ECG during study visits or symptom recurrence. Results Demographics (age, sex) were similar across all groups. Patients with longer AF/AFL history tended to have higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and structural heart disease; and were more likely to have AF/AFL (by 12-lead ECG) at baseline (30%) compared to 26% and 16% for intermediate and shorter history groups. Patients with a longer AF history likely had a prior ablation for AF/AFL (7%) vs patients with an intermediate (2%) or shorter AF/AFL history (1%), and more likely required cardioversion during the study (24%) vs intermediate (17%) and shorter history groups (11%). Outcomes and efficacy are reported in Table 1. Rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, permanent drug discontinuations, and deaths were similar across all AF/AFL groups. Table 1. Outcomes and efficacy summary Relative Risk, dronedarone (DRO) vs placebo (PBO)1 (95% CI)1,2 AF/AFL <3 months AF/AFL 3 to <24 months AF/AFL ≥24 months PBO (n=626) DRO (n=670) PBO (n=429) DRO (n=416) PBO (n=363) DRO (n=355) First CV hospitalization3 or death (any cause) 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) 0.84 (0.66, 1.07) First CV hospitalization 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) 0.70 (0.55, 0.91) 0.82 (0.63, 1.05) Death (any cause) 0.82 (0.54, 1.24) 0.85 (0.43, 1.68) 1.13 (0.61, 2.10) First AF/AFL recurrence4 0.80 (0.65, 0.97) 0.67 (0.53, 0.84) 0.81 (0.65, 1.02) 1Cox regression model. 2On study period, all randomized patients. 3Main reason was AF/other supraventricular rhythm disorders. 4On selected patients in sinus rhythm at baseline (AF/AFL <3 months: PBO n=514, DRO n=529; 3 to <24 months: PBO n=288, DRO n=312; ≥24 months: PBO n=252, DRO n=250). CV = Cardiovascular. Conclusions Nearly half the patients in ATHENA had a shorter history (<3 months) of AF/AFL prior to randomization. Patients with a longer history of AF/AFL had a greater burden of AF/AFL based on baseline rhythm status, ablation history, and cardioversions required post randomization. Despite these differences, clinical outcomes, efficacy, and safety of DRO appeared to be generally consistent irrespective of duration of AF/AFL history. Acknowledgement/Funding Sanofi, New York, New York, United States of America

scholarly journals Family and personal medical history and risk of meningioma

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Claus ◽  
Lisa Calvocoressi ◽  
Melissa L. Bondy ◽  
Joellen M. Schildkraut ◽  
Joseph L. Wiemels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Object Little is known about the epidemiology of meningioma, the most frequently reported primary brain tumor in the US. The authors undertook a case-control study to examine the relationship between family and personal medical history and meningioma risk. Methods The authors compared the personal and first-degree family histories of 1124 patients with meningioma (age range 20–79 years) in Connecticut, Massachusetts, North Carolina, the San Francisco Bay Area, and 8 Houston counties between May 1, 2006, and February 26, 2010, and the histories of 1000 control individuals who were frequency-matched for age, sex, and geography. Results The patients were more likely than the controls to report a first-degree family history of meningioma (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–11.5), and there was an even stronger association in younger cases. The patients were less likely than controls to report immune conditions including allergy (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.7) but were more likely to report a history of thyroid cancer (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.02–21.5) or leukemia (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2–24.1) (most after radiotherapy). Among women, patients were more likely than controls to report hormonally related conditions—uterine fibroid tumors (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5), endometriosis (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.5–2.1), and breast cancer (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–2.3). Conclusions The influence of genetics, the immune system, and radiation near the head on meningioma risk is suggested in the authors' findings; the role of hormones is intriguing but requires further study.

On Collection

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-174
Author(s):  
Kjetil Anders Hatlebrekke
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Target

Blind belief in the force of history make intelligence operatives think that history repeats itself. But history, of course, never repeats itself. Nor do threats repeat themselves. However, they do appear in new forms and varieties, and these may easily be misjudged as historical echoes. This may lead to orthodox beliefs that fuel a classic threat discourse that easily misleads. The US intelligence community thus failed to capitalise on the collected material they already had, and they were therefore not able to identify the change that had occurred on their threat radar. This chapter demonstrates how the US intelligence community’s focus on Afghanistan and bin Laden indicates that bin Laden in practice operated as his own diversion and scapegoat, since he managed to have the US intelligence community focusing more on him than on his organisation and on the threat evolving on American soil. Whether it was intentional or not is unknown, but the focus of US intelligence on bin Laden and al Qaeda in Afghanistan led them away from the terrorists in the US. It led the focus of US intelligence away from al Qaeda’s real target; New York and Washington.

Power and proliferation: Explaining the fragmentation of global migration governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Kainz ◽  
Alexander Betts
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
High Level ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
Do So

Abstract Fragmentation is widely recognised as one of the defining characteristics of global migration governance. However, there has been little academic analysis of fragmentation, either as a dependent or independent variable in the international politics of migration. We aim to explain why it is that global migration governance has historically emerged as a patchwork of international institutions. In order to do so, we outline an original theoretical framework based on the proposition that power asymmetries between predominantly ‘sending’ and ‘receiving’ countries create a dynamic in which relatively weak states seek multilateralism and relatively strong states veto multilateralism, leading to institutional proliferation as a means to address immediate functional challenges. We apply this framework to four key historical turning points in the recent history of global migration governance: first, the impasse at the United Nations and the expansion of Regional Consultative Processes (1985–2001); second, the surge of new mandate creations and the first High-Level Dialogue on Migration and Development (1999–2006); third, the establishment of the Global Forum on Migration and Development and the Global Migration Group (2006–8); and finally, the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (2016–18).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EATING HABITS OF MINAHASAN DISHES ON THE OCCURENCE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace D. Kandou
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

Abstrak: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan masalah kesehatan jantung baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia termasuk Propinsi Sulawesi Utara, dan menempati urutan pertama sebagai penyebab kematian.  Penyebab terjadinya PJK multifaktorial; salah satunya adalah kebiasaan makan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor budaya, adat istiadat, agama dan kepercayaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan makan makanan etnik Minahasa terhadap kejadian PJK. Metode case control dengan 128 kasus dan 128 kontrol yang diambil dari RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou. Dilakukan pengumpulan data frekuensi makan dengan menggunakan Food Frequency Quationnaire (FFQ) untuk melihat hubungan ke-biasaan makan dengan PJK. Umumnya makanan etnik Minahasa mengandung asam lemak jenuh 0,01-10,46 % per 100 gramnya. Seseorang yang mengomsumsi jenis makanan berisiko PJK seperti babi putar dengan frekuensi makan ≥ 2 kali/bulan mempunyai kemungkinan terkena PJK 4,43 kali lebih besar dibanding dengan yang mengonsumsi ≤ 1 kali/bulan, setelah dikontrol oleh babi hutan (OR=4,3 95% CI:1,66-11,05), kotey/sa’ut (OR=7,15 95%CI: 1,70-30,08), merokok (OR=2,76 95% CI: 1,36-5,61), usia (OR=1,96 95%CI: 1,36-2,83), jenis kelamin (OR=2,86 95%CI: 1,41-5,78), dan hipertensi (OR=5,86 95%CI: 2,94-11,66). Berda-sarkan 41 jenis makanan yang dikomposit, seseorang yang mempunyai kebiasaan makan makanan etnik Minahasa dengan frekuensi sering (total skor ≥ nilai mean) mempunyai kemungkinan 5,4 kali lebih besar untuk terkena PJK dibanding dengan yang mempunyai kebiasaan makan jarang (total skor ≤ nilai mean), setelah dikontrol oleh faktor jenis kelamin, riwayat PJK dalam keluarga, dan diabetes. Kata kunci: kebiasaan makan, makanan Minahasa, asam lemak jenuh, penyakit jantung koroner.     Abstract: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in Indonesia and North Sulawesi as well as the rest of the world. There are many factors that contribute to the development of CHD. Eating habits are believed to be risk factors and are influenced by culture and religion. This research explores the influence of eating habits of the Minahasans, particularly of the dishes that contain high level of fats contributing to the development of CHD. The methodology of this research involved case controls. The respondents were taken from Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado, North Sulawesi. The samples were divided into two groups consisting of 128 cases of CHD and 128 cases without CHD for control. Eating frequencies were obtained through Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). The purpose of using these analyses was to obtain the actual effects of the eating habits involving a variety of Minahasan dishes which were believed to have had some contribution to the risks of CHD. Those who ate whole roasted pigs more than twice a month were 4.43 times more susceptible to develop CHD compared to those who ate whole roasted pigs less than once a month, after being controlled by the eating of wild boar (OR=4.3 95% CI: 1.66-11.05), banana heart and stem (OR=7.15 95% CI: 1.70-30.08), smoking (OR=2.76 95% CI: 1.36-5.61), age (OR=1.96 95% CI: 1.36-2.83), gender (OR=2.86 95% CI: 1.41-5.78),  and hypertension (OR=5.86 95% CI: 2.94-11.66). Based on the consumption of 41 kinds of Minahasan dishes, those who frequently ate these on a daily bases had a 5.4 higher probability of developing CHD with an eating habit score of ≥ mean value, compared to those who ate less frequently with an eating habit score of ≤ mean value, after being controlled by gender, family history of CHD, and diabetes mellitus. Key words: eating habit, Minahasan foods, saturated fatty acid, coronary heart disease.

Faulkner and Print Culture

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Little Magazines ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Artistic Vision ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Literary Authorship

William Faulkner’s first ventures into print culture began far from the world of highbrow publishing with which he is typically associated—the world of New York publishing houses, little magazines, and literary prizes—though they would come to encompass that world as well. This collection explores Faulkner’s multifaceted engagements, as writer and reader, with the US and international print cultures of his era, along with the ways in which these cultures have mediated his relationship with a variety of twentieth- and twenty-first-century audiences. The essays gathered here address the place of Faulkner and his writings in the creation, design, publishing, marketing, reception, and collecting of books, in the culture of twentieth-century magazines, journals, newspapers, and other periodicals (from pulp to avant-garde), in the history of modern readers and readerships, and in the construction and cultural politics of literary authorship. Six contributors focus on Faulkner’s sensational 1931 novel Sanctuary as a case study illustrating the author’s multifaceted relationship to the print ecology of his time, tracing the novel’s path from the wellsprings of Faulkner’s artistic vision to the novel’s reception among reviewers, tastemakers, intellectuals, and other readers of the early 1930s. Faulkner’s midcentury critical rebranding as a strictly highbrow modernist, disdainful of the market and impervious to literary trends or the corruption of commerce, has buried the much more interesting complexity of his ongoing engagements with print culture and its engagements with him. This collection will spur critical interest in the intersection of Faulkner’s writing career and the unrespectable, experimental, and audacious realities of interwar and Cold War print culture.

Low soluble thrombomodulin activity and antigen is associated with a family history of heart disease while a high level is associated with a personal history of heart disease in type 2 diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (01) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Konstantoulas ◽  
Jackie Cooper ◽  
Ann-Kristin Ohlin ◽  
Stephen Humphries ◽  
Alison Goodall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Airship

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Öhrström
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
The Us ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Positively Charged

Joseph Späh had to feed his dog; nothing strange about that. The problem was that Ulla, an Alsatian, was mostly confined to the freight room—off limits to passengers. Had everything gone according to schedule, this would not have been an issue either, except for gruff remarks from crewmen not appreciating the needs of this canine friend and co-worker in Späh’s stage act. But this flight did not go according to plan, and Späh’s frequent visits to the rear of the Hindenburg would give him problems in the years to come. The US Department of Energy, and its counterparts in Europe and Japan, are currently spending billions on developing the use of hydrogen for future energy applications—for example, as a fuel for cars and buses. The main advantage is the clean combustion of this fuel: two molecules of hydrogen gas will combine with one molecule of oxygen and give two molecules of water. The future belongs, perhaps, to the ‘hydrogen economy’, but unfortunately for its proponents, the popular history of hydrogen as a fuel is bound up with the tragedy of the Hindenburg. We will get back to Joseph Späh’s poor dog in a while, but for now ponder the fact that over the dog, and above everyone else aboard the comfortable and luxurious Hindenburg , there were huge ‘bags’ filled with hydrogen—the lightest of all the elements, with only one proton and one electron. It has the lowest density of any gas, and is formed by two hydrogen atoms combined together via a single chemical bond, made by sharing the two negatively charged electrons between the two positively charged nuclei. This H2 gas had carried the world’s largest airship from Frankfurt to Lakehurst outside New York, and before that on successful tours all over the globe during the preceding year. These days, we tend to wonder how people could even contemplate the idea of travelling around in what can be described as a flying bomb.

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