scholarly journals Drilling of Additive Manufactured Poly Lactic Acid Modified byDrilling of Additive Manufactured Poly Lactic Acid Modified by Ultrasonic Vibration Ultrasonic Vibration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baraheni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shabgard ◽  
Saeid Amini
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Chip Adhesion ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Complex geometries can be produced by using additively manufacturing method (AM). As usual, the AM parts have rough surfaces in which post processing operations are needed. One of the useful operations is ultrasonic drilling process. In this process, an additional movement is added to the cutting tool to improve the machinability factors. In this study, poly lactic acid(+) was selected as workpiece where the quality of the holes generated by ultrasonic drilling, were investigated. The examination parameters were delamination, circularity, and cylindricality. As a result, it was shown that UD process could properly improve the examination parameters. It was explained that harmonic movement of drill bit in UD improved the stability of the process by a decrease in cutting forces and chip adhesion. Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in delamination factor by using ultrasonic vibrations.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Hole Quality Produced by Vibratory Drilling: Additive Manufactured PLA+

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baraheni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shabgard ◽  
Saeid Amini
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Chip Type ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Important Study

Abstract Improving the surface quality of additive manufactured parts like poly lactic acid (+) is an important study that is currently being carried out by researchers. To reach the high quality, different conventional and non-conventional methods are applied. In this study, the capability of ultrasonic vibration in drilling of an additive manufactured poly lactic acid (+)was examined. The process was implemented in two methods: conventional and vibratory drilling. Then, thrust force and chip type were analyzed and the effect of them on surface roughness, delamination, circularity, and cylindricality have been investigated. As a result, it was indicated that lower thrust force and broken chips, which were generated in ultrasonic drilling, caused the surface quality parameters to be improved compared to the conventional method.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of biopolymer (poly lactic acid) with the addition of bentonite as filler

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 012008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryani ◽  
Harry Agusnar ◽  
Basuki Wirjosentono ◽  
Teuku Rihayat ◽  
Nurhanifa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid

Dynamical properties about ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling of TiBw/TC4 composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542096843
Author(s):  
Yong Feng ◽  
Haoxiang Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Zihao Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
System Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom

TiBw / TC4 composite material was used as the machining object of Ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (UVAD), the single directional three-degree-of-freedom dynamical system model was established. The dynamic signal test and analysis system was used for modal experiment to identify the parameters in the model. Under the condition of dry cutting, the drilling axial force and tool vibration in the drilling process are studied. The results showed that the maximum values of the predicted and measured axial drilling force were 412.5N and 439.6N respectively, and the error rate was 6.165%, which verified the reliability of the predicted axial drilling force model. For cutting tools, the average amplitudes of simulated vibration and measured vibration were 0.1124mm and 0.1151mm respectively, with a difference of 2.402%, and the overall trends were the same, which verifies the reliability of the dynamical model. Finally, the stability of drilling process was analyzed, and the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration were analyzed. The results show that in order to expand the unconditional stability region, it is more efficient to increase the amplitude than to increase the frequency.

Mathematical Model of Wood Drilling Taking into Account the Mutual Infl uence of Electric Motors of Feed and Cutting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (43) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Lapshin ◽  
◽  
Il’ya A. Turkin ◽  
Valentin Yu. Omelechko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Moment Of Resistance ◽  
Processing Zone

The Russian economy currently needs new approaches to solving old problems, that is, such methods that would increase the efficiency of production. In the case of woodworking, we can talk about the introduction of new management principles that ensure a higher quality of processing, even on old woodworking machines and centers. The implementation of such methods is impossible without the development of modern mathematical models of the cutting process, including wood drilling. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in constructing of a mathematical model that reflects the dynamics of wood processing by drilling, which is interconnected through the cutting process. (Materials and methods) Authors used mathematical and numerical modeling with extensive use of mathematical software packages, such as the MatLab mathematical modeling environment. (Results and discussion) The article presents the graphs of the drilling process state in the form of numerical simulation results carried out in the Matlab environment. (Conclusions) The article presents the developed model of the dynamics of the cutting system in two versions. The first version takes into account only the moments and forces associated with the formation of the cutting force in the processing zone. The second model includes an additional moment of resistance associated with the accumulation of chips in the chip-removing channels of the drill. This process has a significant impact on the stability of drilling, with the accumulation of chips in excess of a certain value, the system loses stability and there are raise the possibility of failure of both the drill and the entire spindle assembly. The developed mathematical model of the drilling control system, represented by the system of equations, adequately describes the process of wood processing by drilling on woodworking equipment.

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling on Cutting Stress Distribution

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Isobe ◽  
Yusuke Uehara ◽  
Keisuke Hara
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Distribution Diagram ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Photoelastic Analysis ◽  
Vibration Drilling

A drill processing for the difficult to cut material such as ceramics, hardened steel, glass and heat-resistant steel is widely requested in the industrial world. Furthermore the drilling process becomes more and more difficult in the case of that the requested hole diameter is less than one millimeter. In order to achieve requirements for drilling process, ultrasonically assisted machining is applicable. Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining techniques are suitable to machine difficult-to-cut materials precisely. The ultrasonic vibration assisted sub-millimeter drilling process reduces the cutting forces and prevents severe wear of tools. However, it is difficult to observe directly the effect of vibration action because the process of ultrasonic drilling is dynamic instantaneous and micro cutting process. In this report, high speed camera with appropriately arranged polarized device realized the visualization of process of ultrasonic drilling based on the photoelastic analysis. For the conventional drilling, the stress distribution diagram showed the intensive stress occurred under the chisel and side wall. On the other hand, the ultrasonic drilling produced lower and stable cutting force and decreased the tool temperature.

Evaluating the deposition quality of parts produced by an open-source 3D printer

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santana ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ahrens ◽  
Aurélio da Costa Sabino Netto ◽  
Cassiano Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Feedstock Material

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the deposition of parts manufactured in poly(lactic acid) with variations in print speed and extrusion temperature. Specimens were analyzed through optical microscopy, mass measurements and flexural tests. The extruder-head evaluation consisted of monitoring the feedstock material displacement on entering the system during deposition under different processing conditions. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the factors affecting the deposition, parts were manufactured in poly(lactic acid) with variations in print speed and extrusion temperature. Specimens were analyzed through optical microscopy, mass measurements and flexural tests. The extruder-head evaluation consisted of monitoring the feedstock material displacement on entering the system during deposition under different processing conditions. Findings The results showed low repeatability in the manufacturing of parts, as significant variations in the evaluated responses were found for specimens built under the same process parameters. The main cause for this effect was deposition failure, owing to filament slippage in the extruder head hobbed pulley. Practical implications The results found should alert users to the fact that performance tests need to be carried out on every subcomponent of the equipment before conducting experiments on printing parameters. The components of the equipment can influence the final quality of the parts obtained as much as the building parameters and this influence can be significant enough to overlap with that of the process parameters. Originality/value The effect of slippage on the deposition quality was quantified and the command loss in the machine control board was identified.

Drilling Force of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum-Matrix Composites with Ultrasonic Vibration

2009 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xin Xu ◽  
Ya Lin Mo ◽  
Chuan Shao Liu ◽  
Bo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Vibration Drilling ◽  
Sic Particle

In recent years, particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs）has been widely applied because of its excellent mechanical performances. But the machining is very difficult due to the rigidity of reinforced phase in it, thus the popularization of PRMMCs is restricted much. Here, a method of ultrasonic vibration drilling is presented to the hole-making of Aluminum-matrix composites based on cutting force analysis between common and vibration machining. In virtue of the self-developed ultrasonic drilling equipment, experiments of common and ultrasonic vibration drilling are performed on SiC particle reinforced Aluminum-matrix composites with different content of SiC by using two types of tungsten carbide twist drill. Since the tool life can be represented directly by drilling force, especially the torque, the study of drilling force is very important for the surface roughness, the design and life of drill. Drilling force and its variation in the machining process are analyzed by comparison of common and vibration drilling. It shows that the eviction of drilling chips can be meliorated to some extent, and the drilling torque can be reduced about 30% during the ultrasonic vibration drilling process.

Oriented and annealed poly(lactic acid) films and their performance in flexible printed and hybrid electronics

2021 ◽  
pp. 875608792098856
Author(s):  
Enni Luoma ◽  
Marja Välimäki ◽  
Teijo Rokkonen ◽  
Hannu Sääskilahti ◽  
Jyrki Ollila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
The Stability

Flexible and hybrid electronics (FHE) are widely utilized from wearable to automotive applications. Instead of commonly used poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, bio-based and biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), is a most promising novel substrate alternative for FHE. From the point of heat curable conductive inks, the poor heat resistance and inherent brittleness are the major drawbacks of PLA. By increasing the PLA film crystallinity through orientation and annealing, its properties can be improved. Two commercial grades, standard PLA (PLA) and a high heat PLA (hhPLA), plus one stereocomplex PLA (scPLA) blend were used to compare PLA performance with different optical purities and crystallinity for printed FHE. Machine direction orientation (MDO), biaxial orientation (BO) and annealing improved the stability of the laboratory and pilot scale manufactured PLA films. MDO was more effective in improving stiffness and strength while BO resulted in more ductile behaviour. In hhPLA the crystallinity increased from 0% to 50% improving tensile strength by 83%, tensile modulus by 52% and strain at break from 3.7% to 114% with 3 × 3 BO and annealing. The scPLA blend contained homo- and stereocomplex crystallites and a double melting peak behaviour provided higher temperature stability through final melting at 220°C. Its optical transparency reached 95%, remaining high up to 250 nm wavelength. In roll-to-roll printing, the PLA and hhPLA films were dried at 100°C prior the printing and this decreased the MD elongation from 2.55% and 0.27% to 0.00–0.05%. The sheet resistance of printed silver was <40 mΩ/sq with additional drying for printed and hybrid integrated light-emitting diode (LED) foils. Printed LED foils on PLA had dimensional and electrical performance comparable to PET, even though lower drying temperatures were used.

Influence of Tool Blunting on the Value of the Axial Component of the Cutting Force and the Drilling Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Shulgin ◽  
Olesya A. Chuprina ◽  
Vasiliy V. Pykhov
Keyword(s):  
Copper Foil ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Axial Component ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Printed Circuit

One of the main technological criteria affecting the quality of drilling the holes is the correct geometry of a cutting tool and the amount of its wear. The determination of the “critical” amount of a drill wear is possible only through the indirect way, in particular by the presence of the copper foil burrs at the tool output from the printed circuit board, since with the up-to-date degree of integration of micro-assemblies, the main part of the processed holes has the diameter of about 0.6-0.8 mm, and it is quite challenging to determine the tool wear without special equipment, and in conditions of mass production it is almost impossible. A number of industrial experiments with the hard-alloy drills of standard sharpening geometry of various amount of wear was carried out in order to assess the influence of the cutting tool geometry and the amount of wear on the drilling process. To assess the quality of the processed holes, the chip size (Lch), the micro-roughness of the holes (Ra) and the size of the copper foil burrs at the output of the workpieces (Hb) were additionally measured with a specialized precision tool. In total, 1500 holes were drilled at each previously determined operating mode. The “critical” value of the tool blunting, the maximum allowable values of Lch,Ra and Hbwere practically defined in the course of work. On the basis of the conducted experiments, the threshold values of the axial feed speeds for the work of the “worn out” and “blunted” tool were defined. In addition, the general recommendations were formulated for the operator when drilling the foiled fiberglass and eliminating mass defects at printed circuit board manufacture.

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