scholarly journals The Relationship Between The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and The Urucuia Aquifer System Recharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrla de Souza Batista Vieira ◽  
José Eloi Gimarães Campos ◽  
Eber José de Andrade Pinto ◽  
Marcus Suassuna Santos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Meteorological Systems

Abstract This study investigates and detects links between the precipitation characteristics with meteorological systems and teleconnections around the Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS). Several studies show the influence of meteorological systems and teleconnections on the volume and intensity of precipitation in South America, mainly the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO). Then, the precipitation series’ statistical characterization impacted the aquifer system’s recharge from 1973 to 2006. Monthly and annual series were analyzed and tested the correlation analysis with the indexes of the AMO, PDO, and ENSO. Finally, the series of maximum daily rainfall on the UAS was determined, and the 15 largest events were chosen to analyze the retroactive trajectories of air masses and thus try to estimate which atmospheric systems was acting and their origin. It concluded that the total annual precipitation data indicated a decreasing linear trend and that external climatic phenomena can influence precipitation characteristics. The correlation with the AMO index revealed a potential teleconectivity between climate circulation patterns with average annual precipitation over the UAS (p-value ≤ 0.03). Moreover, the analysing of precipitation trajectories observed a greater amount of specific humidity in the atmosphere during the AMO negative period concerning the AMO positive period. Also, the negative AMO phase’s trajectories had higher latitudes closer to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, as opposed to the positive AMO phase, where the trajectory altitudes were lower and closer to the Capricorn tropic.

scholarly journals Minor psychiatric disorders and their associations in family caregivers of people with mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3567-3578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto dos Santos Treichel ◽  
Vanda Maria da Rosa Jardim ◽  
Luciane Prado Kantorski ◽  
Aline dos Santos Neutzling ◽  
Michele Mandagará de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract This study aims to analyze the occurrence of minor psychiatric disorder and their associations in relatives of people with mental disorders. This is a cross-sectional study of 1164 relatives. For the tracking of minor psychiatric disorders the Self-Reporting Questionnaire Scale (SRQ20) was used, adopting 6/8 as cut-off point. Bivariate analyzes were conducted using Chi-squared test. Trends among strata of independent variables were investigated in relation to the outcome using nonparametric linear trend test. Statistic significance was defined as p-value < 0.05. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted using as a basis the hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. It was observed in the population a prevalence of 46.9% for minor psychiatric disorders. Higher prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders were strongly associated with the female gender, older age, first degree family ties, not having a paid work, lower education level, lower income, health problems, lower quality of life and feeling of burden. Many factors are related to the emotional and mental illness of family caregivers, demanding health services to be prepared to recognize and intervene in these situations.

Abstract MP30: Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Aging in Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M Rexrode ◽  
Raji Balasubramanian ◽  
Nina Paynter ◽  
JoAnn Manson ◽  
Jiu-Chiuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

Background: Aging is a complex process that results from metabolic activities such as those that generate reactive oxygen species. Metabolomic profiling, an emerging technology, may shed light on metabolites associated with aging and identify key changes associated with premature aging. Methods: A total of 370 metabolites were profiled using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) in plasma from 1153 healthy, control subjects in the Women’s Health Initiative. Metabolite levels were log-transformed and standardized, and each considered individually in statistical models. Linear regression models were created with the metabolite as the outcome and age as the primary exposure: <60 (referent), 60-<65, 65-<70, 70-<75, and 75 years and older. Models were adjusted for matching factors in the primary study (race, time period, hysterectomy status, and then additionally for body mass index, medications (antihypertensives, anti-diabetic drugs, aspirin and statins), and creatinine. The likelihood ratio test was used to compare models with age to model without age, with adjustment for false discovery rate (FDR). Significant results were defined as FDR adjusted p<0.05. Results: The median age of the women was 68 years (interquartile range 62-72). After multivariate adjustment, thirty-nine metabolites were significantly associated with age >75, including 12 acylcarnitines, 11 free fatty acids, 9 fatty acid derivatives, 2 amino acids, and 5 additional metabolites. Of these, octadecenoyl-L-carnitine (C18:1) had the strongest age association, with levels 0.70 SD (95% CI: 0.48-0.92) higher on average among women > 75 years compared to women <60 years of age (referent). C22:0 sphingomyelin (SM), threonine and C24:0 SM were negatively associate with age; levels of these metabolites were on average 0.41 to 0.44 SD lower among the women 75 years and older when compared to the youngest women (linear trend FDR-p value <0.05 for all of these metabolites). Conclusions: Multiple metabolites involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, as well as several associated with insulin resistance, have a strong relationship with age, even after adjusting for multiple age-associated factors.

scholarly journals Conhecimento dos acadêmicos de odontologia sobre traumatismos em dentes decíduos

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Joana Vitória Melo ◽  
Gustavo Peres ◽  
Éllen Andrade ◽  
Daniela Nogueira ◽  
Márcia Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Treatment Objective

INTRODUCTION: Dental trauma is the set of impacts that affect the teeth and their supporting structures from enamel fracture to the definitive loss of the dental element. Among the main etiological factors of childhood dental trauma are sports practices, car accidents, child-related activities, aggressions and individual predisposing factors. The prognosis of traumatic lesions is influenced by the type and severity of the injury, the time interval between the trauma episode and the initial treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge of dentistry academics of a higher education institution on dental trauma in primary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a transversal research. The data were collected through the application of a questionnaire, with questions about knowledge in dental trauma and the conduct of dental trauma, carried out with students who attended the discipline of Integrated Children's Clinic I, II and III. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed and the Linear Trend Test was applied, considering p value <0.05. RESULTS: A low level of academic knowledge about the subject was observed, only 8% answered all questions, with the least amount of correct answers in cases of subluxation (37.3% of correct answers) and avulsion (41.2% of correct answers). There was no association of the period with level of knowledge (p value> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The students' knowledge about dental trauma is low, mainly in the treatment of cases of trauma, such as subluxation and avulsion.

scholarly journals Is The Healthy Eating Index-2015 Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiyeh Nayebi ◽  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
Shayan Mostafaei ◽  
Negin Elahi ◽  
Homayoun Elahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is a multidimensional criterion of diet quality utilized to evaluate how well people’s dietary behaviors align with major recommendations of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We aim to investigate the association between the diet quality and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: This study was done on 184 patients with RA in rheumatology clinic in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2020. RA was diagnosed according to the criteria of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League against Rheumatism. The overall quality diet was extracted from a validated 168-item food frequency questioner (FFQ) to calculate the HEI-2015 score. RA disease activity was assessed using Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) scores. One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were done to find the associations.Participants: RA patientsResults: Individuals in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had a lower mean Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) than those in the lowest quartiles of the HEI scores (P-value: 0.014). A linear trend towards decreasing waist circumference in patients was observed with increasing quartiles of the HEI-2015 scores (P-value= 0.005). After controlling for all potential confounders, patients in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had the lowest DAS28 scores than those in the lowest quartile of the HEI-2015 scores (Q1= 3.65; 95% CI= 3.29 – 4.02 vs. Q4= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.94 - 2.67; P-value<0.001).Conclusion: Our results indicated that following a high diet quality might be one of the therapeutic strategies to control or reduce the disease activity in RA patients.

scholarly journals Using Historical Precipitation Patterns to Forecast Daily Extremes of Rainfall for the Coming Decades in Naples (Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazzareno Diodato ◽  
Gianni Bellocchi
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
One Year ◽  
Computing Approach

The coasts of the Italian peninsula have been recently affected by frequent damaging hydrological events driven by intense rainfall and deluges. The internal climatic mechanisms driving rainfall variability that generate these hydrological events in the Mediterranean are not fully understood. We investigated the simulation skill of a soft-computing approach to forecast extreme rainfalls in Naples (Italy). An annual series of daily maximum rainfall spanning the period between 1866 and 2016 was used for the design of ensemble projections in order to understand and quantify the uncertainty associated with interannual to interdecadal predictability. A predictable structure was first provided, and then elaborated by exponential smoothing for the purposes of training, validation, and forecast. For the time horizon between 2017 and 2066, the projections indicate a weak increase of daily maximum rainfalls, followed by almost the same pace as it was in the previous three decades, presenting remarkable wavelike variations with durations of more than one year. The forecasted pattern is coupled with variations attributed to internal climate modes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).

scholarly journals Potential changes in the number of wet days and its effect on future intense and annual precipitation in northern Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luminda Niroshana Gunawardhana ◽  
Ghazi A. Al-Rawas ◽  
Andy Y. Kwarteng ◽  
Malik Al-Wardy ◽  
Yassine Charabi
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Precipitation Records

Abstract The changes in the number of wet days (NWD) in Oman projected by climate models was analyzed, focusing mostly on variation of precipitation intensity and its effect on total annual precipitation (PTOT) in the future. The daily precipitation records of 49 gage stations were divided into five regions. Of the five general circulation models studied, two of them were selected based on their performance to simulate local-scale precipitation characteristics. All regions studied, except the interior desert region of the country, could experience fewer wet days in the future, with the most significant decreases estimated in southern Oman. The contribution from the cold frontal troughs to the PTOT in the northeast coastal region would decrease from 85% in the 1985–2004 period to 79% during the 2040–2059 period and further decrease to 77% during the 2080–2099 period. In contrast, results depict enhanced tropical cyclone activities in the northeast coastal region during the post-monsoon period. Despite the decreases in the NWD, PTOT in all regions would increase by 6–29% and 35–67% during the 2040–2059 and 2080–2099 periods, respectively. These results, therefore, show that increases in precipitation intensity dominate the changes in PTOT.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Trends in Sunshine Duration over Western Europe (1938–2004)

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 6089-6098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
Josep Calbó ◽  
Javier Martin-Vide
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This work analyzes sunshine duration variability in the western part of Europe (WEU) over the 1938–2004 period. A principal component analysis is applied to cluster the original series from 79 sites into 6 regions, and then annual and seasonal mean series are constructed on regional and also for the whole WEU scales. Over the entire period studied here, the linear trend of annual sunshine duration is found to be nonsignificant. However, annual sunshine duration shows an overall decrease since the 1950s until the early 1980s, followed by a subsequent recovery during the last two decades. This behavior is in good agreement with the dimming and brightening phenomena described in previous literature. From the seasonal analysis, the most remarkable result is the similarity between spring and annual series, although the spring series has a negative trend; and the clear significant increase found for the whole WEU winter series, being especially large since the 1970s. The behavior of the major synoptic patterns for two seasons is investigated, resulting in some indications that sunshine duration evolution may be partially explained by changes in the frequency of some of them.

Multi-Time Scale Analysis on Characteristics of Precipitation in Hebei Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Bao Hong Lu ◽  
Han Wen Zhang ◽  
Cong Fei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Based on the precipitation data observed monthly of 19 weather stations in Hebei province from 1960 to 2011, three methods, linear trend estimation, Mann-Kendall test as well as Morlet wavelet transformation, were adopted to analyze the characteristics of precipitation trend, abrupt change points and cyclical variations under the circumstance of multi-time scales in the past 52 years. Annual precipitation had a decreasing trend, and precipitation in spring increased dramatically, meanwhile precipitation of summer decreased significantly; however, precipitations in autumn and winter were fluctuated in an acceptable range. There were various abrupt change points both in annual precipitation series and in spring as well as in summer, yet any abrupt change points were found in autumn and winter. Multi-scale periodicities were found by wavelet analysis in annual and seasonal precipitations.

scholarly journals Joint Replacement Registries Significantly Reduce Revision Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ebuka Okafor ◽  
Son Nghiem ◽  
Christopher Vertullo ◽  
Joshua Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Revision Rate ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundDespite the rapid establishment of joint replacement registries (JRR), its effect on key outcomes such as revision rates is uncertain. While some countries with JRR have recorded reductions in revision rates, other countries without JRR also have reported similar reductions. This study evaluated the impact of JRR on revision rates across countries while controlling for non-JRR related factors and JRR outcomes transfer (to non-registry countries) that could contribute to reduction in revision rates. MethodsThis assessment was performed by a difference-in-differences statistical approach using a panel regression model. We compared revision rates of non-registry countries to registry countries, and further compared non-registry period revision rates to registry period (of registry countries) revision rates. We controlled for non-JRR related factors and JRR outcomes transfer by the inclusion of a linear trend in the model. Data were collected from 1980 – 2018. Registry data were obtained from JRR databases while non-registry data were obtained from literature search in Medline and Google Scholar. ResultsThe average difference in revision rates between registry countries compared to non-registry countries was not statistically significant for hip (p-value = 0.056) and knee (p-value = 0.501) respectively. The average difference in revision rate in the registry period of registry countries relative to the non-registry periods was statistically significant for hip (p-value < 0.0001) and knee (p-value = 0.004) respectively. The impact of JRR on revision rate reduction as a percentage was 19.23% (95% CI: 10.86 – 31.55%) and 13.07% (95% CI: 3.28 – 31.18%) for hip and knee respectively. ConclusionsJoint replacement registries cause significant reduction in revision rates and its effect on this outcome may be further improved by increasing surgeons’ participation. Establishment of JRR in countries or regions yet to would be a worthwhile decision.

scholarly journals Η συσχέτιση των μορφολογικών υπερηχογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών της εμμηνοπαυσιακής ωοθήκης με τα ενδογενή στεροειδή του φύλου και τον οστικό μεταβολισμό

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Τσιτούρα
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score

Εισαγωγή: Η εμμηνόπαυση αποτελεί σημαντικό σταθμό στη βιολογική πορεία της γυναίκας, σηματοδοτώντας́ το τέλος της αναπαραγωγικής της ζωής. Συνοδεύεται από ένα πλήθος συμπτωμάτων, τόσο βραχυπρόθεσμων όσο και μακροπρόθεσμων. Ο ωοθηκικός όγκος αρχίζει να ελαττώνεται μετά την μετάβαση στην εμμηνόπαυση και η οποιαδήποτε απόκλιση αυτού από το φυσιολογικό, απασχολεί την ιατρική κοινότητα, κυρίως σε ότι αφορά την πιθανότητα εμφάνισης κακοήθους νόσου.Σκοπός: Η παρούσα μελέτη συσχετίζει τον όγκο της ωοθήκης, σε υγιείς γυναίκες στην εμμηνόπαυση, με δημογραφικές και ανθρωπομετρικές παραμέτρους, στεροειδείς ορμόνες του φύλου καθώς και τον οστικό μεταβολισμό.Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 161 υγιείς γυναίκες στην εμμηνόπαυση, που πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια και εμφανίστηκαν για την πρώτη τους επίσκεψη στο Τμήμα Κλιμακτηρίου & Εμμηνόπαυσης από τον Ιανουάριο 2016 έως και τον ∆εκέμβριο 2016. Έγινε συλλογή δειγμάτων αίματος νηστείας για βιοχημικό και ορμονικό έλεγχο. Mετρήθηκαν ανθρωπομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά, όπως ο δείκτης μάζας σώματος ∆ΜΣ και το WHR (waist-to hip-ratio), ενώ όλες οι γυναίκες υπεβλήθησαν σε διακολπικό υπερηχογράφημα προς μέτρηση του μέσου όγκου των ωοθηκών. Επιπλέον υπεβλήθησαν σε μέτρηση της οστικής πυκνότητας στον αυχένα του μηριαίου οστού και στην οσφυική μοίρα της σπονδυλικής στήλης, χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική της Απορροφησιομετρίας ακτίνων Χ διπλής ενέργειας (DEXA – dual energy X-ray absorptiometry).Αποτελέσματα: Ο μέσος ωοθηκικός όγκος αυξάνεται γραμμικά σε σχέση με τα αυξανόμενα τεταρτημόρια του ∆ΜΣ (Q1:0.985±0.25, Q2: 1.11±0.29, Q3: 1.07±0.28, Q4: 1.19±0.38, p-value for linear trend 0.013). Επιπλέον ο ωοθηκικός όγκος συσχετίζεται θετικά με το ∆ΜΣ (r=0.128, p-value=0.038), το BMD στον αυχένα του μηριαίου (r=0.233, p-value=0.003), το T-score στον αυχένα του μηριαίου (r=0.223, p-value=0.004) και το Z-score στον αυχένα του μηριαίου (r=0.171, p-value=0.027). Η πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση έδειξε ότι ο ωοθηκικός όγκος προβλέπεται από το WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) (b - coefficient=0.157, p-value=0.047) και το SHBG (b-coefficient=-0.160, p- value=0.042), ανεξάρτητα από την ηλικία και τον ∆ΜΣ. Τέλος το BMD στον αυχένα του μηριαίου προβλέπεται από τον ωοθηκικό όγκο, ανεξάρτητα από την ηλικία την εμμηνοπαυσιακή ηλικία και τον ∆ΜΣ.Συμπέρασμα: Ο ωοθηκικός όγκος συσχετίζεται θετικά και ανεξάρτητα με τον δείκτη μάζας σώματος – ∆ΜΣ καθώς και το λόγο περιφέρειας μέσης προς περιφέρεια ισχίων (WHR – waist-to-hip ratio) και το BMD του αυχένα του μηριαίου οστού στις εμμηνοπαυσιακές γυναίκες. Τα χαμηλότερα επίπεδα SHBG συσχετίζονται με μεγαλύτερο ωοθηκικό όγκο. Φαίνεται ότι η αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη μεσολαβεί στα αποτελέσματα αυτά. Η σημασία αυτών των αποτελεσμάτων πρέπει να φανεί σε μεγαλύτερες προοπτικές μελέτες που αφορούν σε εμμηνοπαυσιακό πληθυσμό.

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