scholarly journals Manufacturing Parameters Optimization and Modeling of PxGyEz Hybrid Composite for High Flexural Strength Using Taguchi Robust Experimental Design Technique and General Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassey Okon Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Abstract With the continuous need for sustainable, environmentally friendly, and low-cost systems, processes, and materials, natural fibers have been a major topic of discussion in the materials science community as it has increasingly found acceptance in material development as an alternative to synthetic fibers due to environmental concerns. Although many studies have been carried out in this regard, the optimal flexural performance of pineapple leaf fiber/synthetic fiber hybrid reinforced composite has not been studied even with its promising application in aviation, health, and fitness, marine, etc. In this study, a Pineapple Leaf fiber (PALF)/Glass fiber Epoxy hybrid composite PxGyEz (with x, y, and z representing the volume fraction of pineapple leaf fiber, the volume fraction of glass fiber, and fiber length respectively) was developed and its flexural properties optimized and modeled with regards to the variable manufacturing parameters of x, y, and z respectively. For the quality characteristics (flexural strength) investigated, the Minitab®19 software was used to analyze the Taguchi robust experiment design technique on a higher the better basis. The optimum combination of the control factors was found at x = 20%, y = 20%, and z = 25mm. The optimized composite P20G20E25 possessed a flexural strength of 144.4994MPa which was only a 7.17% deviation from the predicted optimum flexural strength. Analysis of variance showed that the PALF had the highest contribution of 23.97% to the flexural strength of the PxGyEz, glass fiber 7.13%, and fiber length 12.79%. SEM Images of the PALF, glass fiber, and the fractured surface of the optimized material P20G20E25 revealed the surface structure which explained their different contribution to the flexural strength of the materials. An equation for the prediction of the flexural properties of PxGyEz was derived from the regression model and it had an approximately 77.57% agreement with experimentation.

Modelling and Optimization of the Manufacturing Parameters of a Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite PxGyEz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassey Okon Samuel ◽  
Malachy Sumaila ◽  
Bashar Dan-Asabe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Abstract In this study, a Pineapple Leaf fiber (PALF)/Glass fiber Epoxy hybrid composite PxGyEz (with x, y, and z representing the volume fraction of pineapple leaf fiber (P), volume fraction of glass fiber (G) and fiber length respectively in Epoxy (E) matrix) was developed and its tensile properties modelled and optimized with regards to the variable parameters of x, y, and z respectively. For the quality characteristics (high tensile strength) investigated, the Minitab®19 software was used to analyze the Taguchi robust experiment design technique on the higher the better basis. The optimum combination of the control factors was found at x=10%, y=20% and z = 15mm. The optimized composite P10G20E15 possessed a tensile strength of 95.3144MPa which was only a 5.9% deviation from the predicted optimum tensile strength. Analysis of variance showed that the glass fiber had the highest contribution of 50.64% to the tensile strength of PxGyEz, PALF 15.53% and fiber length 28.84%. SEM Images of the PALF, glass fiber and fractured surface of the optimized material P10G20E15 revealed the surface structure which explained their different contribution to the tensile strength of the materials. An equation for the prediction of the tensile properties of PxGyEz was derived from the regression model.

The Effect of Fibers’ Length Distribution and Concentration on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polypropylene Composite

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110432
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Asoodeh ◽  
Mohammad Aghvami-Panah ◽  
Saeed Salimian ◽  
Mohammadreza Naeimirad ◽  
Hamed khoshnevis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Fiber Length Distribution ◽  
Extrusion Processing

This article aims to investigate the effect of dispersion and uniformity of fiber length distribution on the rheological and mechanical behavior of polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber. The composites were prepared through melt compounding with three various glass fiber concentrations using a twin-screw extruder. Multiple extrusion processing was used to alter and manipulate the fibers’ length inside the composites. The fiber length distribution was analyzed via the photomicrograph technique. Rheological measurements indicated that the molten samples were visco-plastic fluids and the Herschel–Bulkley model is the best model for fitting on the rheological behavior diagram. Variables of the fitted model are noticeably altered by the fiber length distribution. Moreover, rheological assessments revealed that the non-Newtonian behavior of the molten composites significantly diminished after the second extrusion processing, while it did not have much effect on the fiber length reduction. In the second phase, tensile and flexural properties were determined to detect the mechanical properties. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the composite has a direct relation with the fiber length distribution factor while the flexural strength is independent of fiber length. Furthermore, the highest tensile and flexural strength attained from the composite containing the highest fiber volume fraction.

THE EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT AND FIBER LENGTH ON PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBER REINFORCED POLY LACTIC ACID BIOCOMPOSITES

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Rabiatutadawiah Ramli ◽  
Siti Hajar Sheikh Md. Fadzullah ◽  
Zaleha Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Leaf Fiber

The awareness of natural fibers as alternative materials to synthetic fibers in composite applications have increased briskly due to lightweight, non-toxic, low cost and abundantly available. To-date, there are still limited works on fully biodegradable composites also known as biocomposites, especially using long pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced poly lactic acid biocomposites. Thus, this study presents an investigation of the effects of alkaline treatment and use of different fiber length on the mechanical performance of pineapple leaf fibers reinforced poly lactic acid, biocomposites. Flexural testing was conducted via ASTM D790. The results showed enhancement in flexural properties of the biocomposites when the PALF fibers were treated with alkaline treatment, suggesting an effect of improving mechanical interlocking between matrix and reinforcement due to rougher fiber surface. The flexural strength and modulus of long treated fibers increased from 56.47 MPa and 4.24 GPa to 114.03 MPa and 5.70 GPa respectively compared to long untreated fibers.  In addition, the effect of fiber length is also proven to affect the overall performance of the biocomposites, in which the long PALF fiber composites exhibit superior flexural properties to those of the short fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites, i.e. flexural modulus of 5.7 GPa and 0.22 GPa for the long fiber composites and short fiber composites respectively. The existence of sodium hydroxide, (NaOH) on PALF fibers were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Surface morphology of both untreated and treated samples was studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results from both analyses suggest removal of lignin and hemicellulose on the alkaline-treated PALF fiber reinforced composites led to a rougher fibers surface and formed a better fiber-matrix adhesion, as reflected in the flexural properties of the biocomposites as reported above.

Monitoring of mechanical properties of prestressed glass fiber epoxy composites over 12 months after fabrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110047
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Siddhartha Brahma ◽  
Haibin Ning ◽  
Selvum Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Fiber Volume

Fiber prestressing during matrix curing can significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. One primary reason behind this improvement is the generated compressive residual stress within the cured matrix, which impedes cracks initiation and propagation. However, the prestressing force might diminish progressively with time due to the creep of the compressed matrix and the relaxation of the tensioned fiber. As a result, the initial compressive residual stress and the acquired improvement in mechanical properties are prone to decline over time. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the prestressed composites as time proceeds. This study monitors the change in the tensile and flexural properties of unidirectional prestressed glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites over a period of 12 months after manufacturing. The composites were prepared using three different fiber volume fractions 25%, 30%, and 40%. The results of mechanical testing showed that the prestressed composites acquired an initial increase up to 29% in the tensile properties and up to 32% in the flexural properties compared to the non-prestressed counterparts. Throughout the 12 months of study, the initial increase in both tensile and flexural strength showed a progressive reduction. The loss ratio of the initial increase was observed to be inversely proportional to the fiber volume fraction. For the prestressed composites fabricated with 25%, 30%, and 40% fiber volume fraction, the initial increase in tensile and flexural strength dropped by 29%, 25%, and 17%, respectively and by 34%, 26%, and 21%, respectively at the end of the study. Approximately 50% of the total loss took place over the first month after the manufacture, while after the sixth month, the reduction in mechanical properties became insignificant. Tensile modulus started to show a very slight reduction after the fourth/sixth month, while the flexural modulus reduction was observed from the beginning. Although the prestressed composites displayed time-dependent losses, their long-term mechanical properties still outperformed the non-prestressed counterparts.

Experiment Investigation on Mechanical Property of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 784-787
Author(s):  
Yan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Based on the mechanical properties experiment of the glass fiber reinforced concrete with 0%0.6%0.8% and 1% glass fiber volume fraction, the mechanics property such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural elasticity modulus are analyzed and compared with the plain concrete when the kinds of fiber content changes. The research results show that the effect of tensile strength and flexural strength can be improved to some extent, which also can serve as a reference or basis for further improvement and development the theory and application of the glass fiber reinforced concrete.

scholarly journals Effect of Submicron Glass Fiber Modification on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite with Different Fiber Length

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Nhan Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Obunai Kiyotaka ◽  
Okubo Kazuya ◽  
Fujii Toru ◽  
Shibata Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
The Impact

In this research, three kinds of carbon fiber (CF) with lengths of 1, 3, and 25 mm were prepared for processing composite. The effect of submicron glass fiber addition (sGF) on mechanical properties of composites with different CF lengths was investigated and compared throughout static tests (i.e., bending, tensile, and impact), as well as the tension-tension fatigue test. The strengths of composites increased with the increase of CF length. However, there was a significant improvement when the fiber length changed from 1 to 3 mm. The mechanical performance of 3 and 25 mm was almost the same when having an equal volume fraction, except for the impact resistance. Comparing the static strengths when varying the sGF content, an improvement of bending strength was confirmed when sGF was added into 1 mm composite due to toughened matrix. However, when longer fiber was used and fiber concentration was high, mechanical properties of composite were almost dependent on the CF. Therefore, the modification effect of matrix due to sGF addition disappeared. In contrast to the static strengths, the fatigue durability of composites increased proportionally to the content of glass fiber in the matrix, regardless to CF length.

Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Strength and Flexural Properties of Concrete Containing Silica Fume

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume

A designed experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of polypropylene fiber on the compressive strength and flexural properties of concrete containing silica fume, a large number of experiments have been carried out in this study. The flexural properties include flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity. On the basis of the experimental results of the specimens of six sets of mix proportions, the mechanism of action of polypropylene fiber on compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity has been analyzed in details. The results indicate that there is a tendency of increase in the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the flexural modulus of elasticity of concrete containing silica fume decrease gradually with the increase of fiber volume fraction.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sisal Fiber, Glass Fiber and Alumina- Based Hybrid Composite for Flexural Strength Using Taguchi Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Veenapani R
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Taguchi Technique ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract: In the current study, flexural strength of combination of natural and synthetic fiber with particle filled hybrid composites have been studied. The flexural strength of the hybrid composite mainly depends on the proportion of the sisal fiber weight, glass fiber weight and alumina weight. Taguchi technique has been applied to find the optimized parameters of the developed hybrid composites. Results were obtained for the L9 orthogonal combination from experimentation. The results were analysed with the help of Signal/Noise (S/N) Ratio, Main effect plot and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Mini Tab 19. Regression equation are developed for all three reinforcements separately. From the current study it was observed that the flexural strength of the hybrid composite mainly depends on the sisal fiber precent that the other two reinforcements. Based on the experimental observations the maximum ultimate flexural strength was found to be 145.97 MPa for optimised input parameters as 20% of sisal fiber, 20% of glass fiber and 2% of alumina. Keywords: Taguchi technique, ANOVA, Flexural strength, Sisal fiber, Glass Fiber, Alumina

scholarly journals Experimentation with Flexural Properties of the Carbon Fiber Graphite Fiber and Glass Fiber Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4272-4277
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Graphite Fiber ◽  
Three Point Bending

In the present work the flexural properties of selected composite plates are examined. The three point bending test happens to be widely acceptable method for the evaluation of flexural properties of the composite plates because of its simple geometry and structure. In this paper the influence of filler material and thickness of laminates under three point bending load on simply supported pins are reported for selected filler material combination. Filler materials used here are Glass fiber epoxy with silicon carbide, Graphite fiber epoxy with silicon carbide and Carbon fiber epoxy with silicon carbide. Investigation is carried out as per ASTM D790 standard. The mechanical properties such as flexural strength, flexural stiffness of the composite plates were investigated and reported. This work broadly points out that the flexural strength is dependent on the thickness of the laminates and amount of the filler material of the laminated composites. It was found that Carbon fiber composite shows the superior flexural strength with 6 wt% of SiC among the specimens under study.

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