scholarly journals Relationship Between Salivary Alpha-amylase Enzyme Activity, Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Habits, and Early Childhood Dental Caries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Parsaie ◽  
Peyman Rezaie ◽  
Niloofar Azimi ◽  
Najmeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
On Line

Abstract Background: Caries risk assessment is of great importance in young children. Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits and oral hygiene on ECC incidence.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months. Upon the parents' consent, 3 mL of non-stimulated saliva was collected from the participants to measure the level of sAA activity through spectrophotometry. Additionally, parents/caretakers completed a structured questionnaire about demographic factors, oral hygiene, and consumption of sugar-containing foods. BMI, BMI z-scores and percentile data were calculated by using an on-line calculator. The independent variables were dichotomized and tested through chi-square test, followed by a backward stepwise regression, by using SPSS software (α=0.05).Results: The sAA activity was significantly higher in caries-free children (P≤0.001). However, the mean BMI was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.49). Brushing and other measured dietary habits were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P≤0.001).Conclusion: Children with inherently lower levels of sAA activity were more susceptible to dental caries. Improper nutritional habits and poor oral health care could exacerbate the risk of ECC.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of nutritional status among a group of school children in relation with gingivitis and dental caries severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Harun Achmad ◽  
Andi M. Adam ◽  
Anni Satria
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

To determine nutritional status among a school children of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in relation with gingivitis and dental caries severity. Cross-sectional study. A total of 127 school children in the age range of 9-12 years from Barru Regency were included in this study as a sample of simple random sampling. Nutritional status of children (BMI index), degree of gingival inflammation (using chi-square test statistic), and missing teeth (DMF-T index) were recorded. Additional information was collected using a questionnaire survey regarding knowledge about dental health, dietary habits, and oral health behaviors. The data were processed using the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A group of who severe underweight (102 children), had higher odds for mild gingivitis (GI 79.4%) than others group of who has an ideal weight (16 children), had mild gingivitis (GI 62.5%). Children, who severe underweight, had higher odds for moderate caries (38.2%) than others group of who has an ideal weight, had moderate caries (18.8%). Based on chi-square test, there are correlation of nutritional status and dental caries severity (p=0.000<p=0.05). There is a relationship of nutritional status with gingivitis and dental caries severity among a school children.

Prevalence of Deep Dental Caries and Its Association with Levels of Water Fluoridation, Age, Gender, and Oral Hygiene Status in the Semiurban Areas of Navi Mumbai

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Ashvini M Padhye ◽  
Karishma R Patil ◽  
Pooja R Parab ◽  
Nandana R Patil
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Aim This survey-based study intends to explore a potential association between the prevalence of deep dental caries and variables, such as age, gender, oral hygiene status, and levels of water fluoridation in the areas of residence of the subjects. Materials and Methods A systematic oral examination was carried out using a questionnaire and clinical examination for a sample of 487 subjects reporting to the outpatient department at MGM Dental College and Hospital. Data regarding deep dental caries, age, gender, oral hygiene status were collected in this manner. The levels of water fluoridation were determined by data collected from government water testing laboratories. Data collected were analyzed using central tendency of fluoride levels, Pearson's correlation, chi-square test, and the slice and dice technique for a confidence limit of 95%. Results A statistically significant association exists between fluoride levels in drinking water and deep dental caries. No significant association was found between age, gender, oral hygiene status, and deep dental caries. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that low water fluoridation levels affect the prevalence of deep dental caries. Clinical significance This study stresses on the importance of water fluoridation in semi-urban areas for the prevention of dental caries and aids in the outlook toward better awareness. How to cite this article Patil KR, Parab PR, Padhye AM, Ram SM, Patil NR. Prevalence of Deep Dental Caries and Its Association with Levels of Water Fluoridation, Age, Gender, and Oral Hygiene Status in the Semiurban Areas of Navi Mumbai. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):137-141.

Genetic Sensitivity to 6-N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) As a Screening Tool for Obesity and Dental Caries in Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Akhilesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: Dental caries and childhood obesity epidemics are multifactorial complex disease and children's dietary pattern is a common underlying etiologic factor in their causation. Dietary preferences and taste are genetically determined. In the present study children were identified who are at greater risk for developing dental caries and obesity so as to institute preventive measures at an early stage. Materials: Among 500 children belonging to the age group of 8-12 years of both sexes PROP sensitivity test was carried out. Body mass index was determined and the caries experience was recorded. A Questionnaire was prepared and given to the parents of the children to evaluate their dietary habits. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using prevalence test, ANOVA test and chi-square test. Results: We found that the non taster children had higher caries experience and body weight respectively as compared to children who were supertasters and medium tasters. Super-tasters tended to be sweet and fatty food dislikers and non-tasters tended to be likers. Conclusions: The PROP test proved to be a useful tool in determining the genetic sensitivity levels of the bitter taste and could be used as a useful screening tool to identify children at risk of developing obesity and dental caries.

scholarly journals Pediatric medicines and their relationship to dental caries

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes ◽  
Gabriela Cavalcanti ◽  
Cristiana Mora ◽  
Ana Flávia Granville Garcia ◽  
Rossana Barbosa Leal
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Pediatric Drug ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Industry Needs

The aim of this study was to evaluate mothers' knowledge about the cariogenic potential of pediatric medicines. A total of 111 mothers were interviewed using a standardized form containing 15 questions relating to the association of pediatric drug use with dental caries and oral hygiene care. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test and Fisher's exact) were used at a significance of 5%. Most of the mothers were aged 40 years or under (77.4%), high school educated (30.6%) and not working (50.5%). The association between medication use and dental caries or defects in teeth structure was mentioned by 35 (43.2%) mothers, 33 of whom (40.7%) cited this was due to the presence of sugar in the formulations. Only 32 mothers (28.8%) performed oral hygiene for the child after drugs ingestion, although 81.1% (n = 90) had never received guidance on the importance of this practice. The type of occupation and maternal education level were not significant in these issues (p> 0.05). Pediatric medicines can create problems for the teeth and a high percentage of mothers are unable to establish a clear cause and effect relationship with this association. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry needs to be more aware of this and should prepare pediatric medicines without the presence of sucrose.

scholarly journals Parental Oral Hygiene Knowledge: Investigating the Source for Successful Oral Hygiene Behavior in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed.D. Wallace Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Abstract BackgroundThe deleterious effects of dental caries in children can often be arrested if parents are knowledgeable regarding dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a parent’s level of oral hygiene knowledge and the oral hygiene behaviors of their children ages 7 to 17 in the greater United States.MethodsThe researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive study based on a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. 103 participants voluntarily responded. To be eligible, participants had to live in the greater United States and have a child between the ages of 7 to 17.ResultsData analysis was completed using inferential statistics while utilizing the chi-square test of independence as the analytical method. The Chi-Square test was used to determine whether a relationship between the parent’s hygiene knowledge and the child’s oral hygiene behaviors existed. Results did reveal an association between the variables, a parent’s hygiene knowledge and their child’s oral health hygiene behaviors upon completion of the chi-square test analysis.ConclusionsThe oral hygiene knowledge of some parents needs to be increased to ensure positive outcomes with their child’s oral hygiene behaviors—information about pit and fissure sealants to aid in the prevention of dental caries for their children would be highly advantageous. Additionally, further studies are warranted to address possible limitations of the child and parental socioeconomic issues.Practical ImplicationsMore schools need to invest in school-based sealant programs to offer parents another alternative to help with the prevention of dental caries in their children.

scholarly journals Trends in caries experience and background factors in 3-year-old children in Poland: evidence from epidemiological surveys during 2002-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Anna Turska-Szybka ◽  
Urszula Kaczmarek ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Jacek Tomczyk ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Sugary Beverages ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract The prevalence of early childhood caries and its level varies. The present study was to establish the trends in dental caries and the impact of behavioural changes on the prevalence of caries in three-yearolds in Poland within a fifteen-year period. The results of a cross sectional survey carried out on 3439 three-year-olds in 2002, 2009, and 2017 using WHO criteria for dental caries (dmft, dmft=0, dmft≥4) and the results of a questionnaire filled by their parents with data on sociodemographics, oral hygiene and dietary habits, especially their sugar intake, were assessed. The dmft/dmfs index is applied to the primary dentition and is expressed as the total number of teeth/surfaces that are decayed, missing, or filled. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to assess the fraction changes in time. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the changes in dmft trends and the correlations between behavioural changes, awareness levels, and the prevalence of caries. Within the fifteen-year period minimal changes in the prevalence of early childhood caries (15% down), dmft≥4 (11.4% down) and a lower dmft (36% down) were accompanied by a better parent awareness about the causes of caries and better oral hygiene routines. Sugary beverages were no longer drank at least once a day, however sweetened milk, cake, doughnuts, and sweet rolls were consumed more often. Being female, living in an urban area, having parents more aware about caries, consuming sugary beverages less frequently, brushing teeth twice a day, and using a fluoride toothpaste promoted lower early childhood caries. Gradually healthier teeth are linked to an increased awareness of the parents and healthier routines. A too frequent exposure to sugar promotes early childhood caries. Should the changes of dietary habits be insufficient, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste becomes crucial.

scholarly journals Higiene bucal, caries dental y necesidades de tratamiento en escolares de 5, 7 y 12 años, municipio de Istmina, Chocó, Colombia (2013) / Oral Hygiene, Dental Caries, and Treatment Needs...

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (77) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando Hurtado-Martínez ◽  
Dimas Albeiro Potes-Urrutia ◽  
Margarita Vásquez-Díaz ◽  
Adriana Posada López ◽  
Luis Gonzalo Álvarez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Age And Sex

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Es necesario identificar la situación de salud bucal en grupos específicos para establecer programas efectivos. Objetivo: Describir el estado de higiene bucal, caries dental y de necesidades de tratamiento en escolares de 5, 7 y 12 años del municipio de Istmina (Chocó). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 294 escolares (48 % niñas), seleccionados por conveniencia, de seis instituciones educativas oficiales. Por medio de encuesta y examen clínico se recogió información sociodemográfica, uso de elementos de higiene bucal, grado de higiene bucal, índices ceo-d y COP-D (y sus componentes) y necesidades de tratamiento. Se efectuó análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado e inferencial mediante Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Dos terceras partes de la población analizada tenían una higiene oral regular (mayor porcentaje en niños y en escolares de 7 años). El promedio ceo-dM fue de 2,5 ± 3,2, lo cual equivale a una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 57 % y 59 % respectivamente. El promedio COP-DM fue de 0,6 ± 1,2, con una prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental del 24 % y 28 % respectivamente. El índice significativo de caries fue de 1,9 ± 1,5. El 47 % requería obturaciones (promedio de 1,9 ± 1,5). Se presentaron diferencias significativas por edad y sexo tanto para caries dental como para necesidades de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los indicadores de caries dental estaban en consonancia con las metas internacionales. Se identificaron algunas diferencias según factores sociodemográficos que requieren estudios a mayor profundidad desde la perspectiva de determinantes sociales. ABSTRACT. Background:  It is necessary to identify the oral health situation in specific groups to establish effective programs. Objective: To describe the oral hygiene status, dental caries and treatment needs in 5-, 7-, and 12-year-old schoolers of the municipality of Istmina (Chocó). Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 294 schoolchildren, selected by convenience, (48 % girls) from six official educational institutions. Sociodemographic information (age and sex), use of oral hygiene elements, oral hygiene level, dmf-t and DMT-F indexes (and their components), and treatment needs data were collected through survey and clinical examination. Descriptive univariate and bivariate and inferential (Chi-square test) analyses were carried out. Results: Two-thirds of the population analyzed had poor oral hygiene levels (higher percentage among boys and 7-year-olds). The dmf-tM was 2.5 ± 3.2, which is equivalent to dental caries prevalence and experience of 57 % and 59 %, respectively. The mean DMF-TM was 0.6 ± 1.2, with dental caries prevalence and experience of 24 % and 28 % respectively. The Significant Caries Index was 1.9 ± 1.5. 47 % required fillings (average 1.9 ± 1.5). Age and sex differences were found for dental caries and treatment needs. Conclusions: Although the indicators of dental caries were in accordance with the international goals, some differences according to sociodemographic factors were evidenced. Thus, more in-depth studies from the social determinants approach are required.

scholarly journals Parental Oral Hygiene Knowledge: Investigating the Source for Successful Oral Hygiene Behavior in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed.D. Wallace Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background The deleterious effects of dental caries in children can often be arrested if parents are knowledgeable regarding dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a parent’s level of oral hygiene knowledge and the oral hygiene behaviors of their children ages 7 to 17 in the greater United States. Methods The researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive study based on a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. 103 participants voluntarily responded. To be eligible, participants had to live in the greater United States and have a child between the ages of 7 to 17. Results Data analysis was completed using inferential statistics while utilizing the chi-square test of independence as the analytical method. The Chi-Square test was used to determine whether a relationship between the parent’s hygiene knowledge and the child’s oral hygiene behaviors existed. Results did reveal an association between the variables, a parent’s hygiene knowledge and their child’s oral health hygiene behaviors upon completion of the chi-square test analysis. Conclusions The oral hygiene knowledge of some parents needs to be increased to ensure positive outcomes with their child’s oral hygiene behaviors—information about pit and fissure sealants to aid in the prevention of dental caries for their children would be highly advantageous. Additionally, further studies are warranted to address possible limitations of the child and parental socioeconomic issues.

scholarly journals Hubungan Mengonsumsi Makanan Selingan dengan Kejadian Early Childhood Caries pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun di Kota Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Retno Sri Mulyani ◽  
Susi Susi ◽  
Surma Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is one of the most common problem that can be found in both adults and children. Dental caries in primary teeth on children aged 0-71 months is known as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Reports by Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 caries on primary teeth ranks 12th which affects as many as 560 million children worldwide. There are many predisposition factors that cause ECC, which are closely related to food consumption such as food snacking.The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between food snacking consumption  and Early Childhood Caries on children aged 2-5 years old in Padang. This study used a cross sectional design, with total sampel of 107 children aged 2-5 years in Padang. The location was selected through Stratified Random Sampling Method and samples was selected through Consecutive Sampling Method. Data was collected by using food frequency questionares and intra-oral examination that were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between food snacking and ECC (p=0.000). The conclution of this study was that food snacking consumption is associated with Early Childhood Caries on children aged 2-5 years in Padang.

Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110021
Author(s):  
O.O. Olatosi ◽  
A.A. Alade ◽  
T. Naicker ◽  
T. Busch ◽  
A. Oyapero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

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