scholarly journals New Laccase-Mediated System Utilized for Bio-Discoloration of Indigo-Dyed Denim Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Sarafpour ◽  
Farzaneh Alihosseini ◽  
Maryam Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfite ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

Abstract In this study, indigo-dyed denim fabric was decolorized by washing and printing with separate and simultaneous applications of laccase enzyme, sodium hydrosulfite, and cellulase enzyme. In this regard, the surface reflectance and color coordinates of the discolored fabrics were analyzed, and SEM photographs of the treated fabrics were prepared to analyze their surfaces. Finally, the effects of the discoloration process and materials on various parameters of the treated samples were investigated, including moisture content, creaserecovery angle, air permeability, and abrasion resistance. The color experiments showed that the discoloration mechanism with the combined use of laccase enzyme, sodium hydrosulfite, and cellulose enzyme had a significant effect on the improvement of the lightness (L*) of the samples, as the lightness of the treated samples was improved by 101.18 percent and 55.79 percent in both printing and washing, respectively. Furthermore, examination of specimen color coordinates revealed that the hue of the treated samples was changed to blue and green, and the purity of color (C*) was improved. The increased moisture content and air permeability of the treated specimens suggested that the comfort of the jeans clothing provided by these treatment methods had improved. As a result, it should be noted that the mediating action of sodium hydrosulfite was significantly influential for discoloration of denim with the laccase enzyme.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bed Cover Properties Produced from Double Fabric Based on Honeycomb

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. A. Salama ◽  
A. S. El-Deeb ◽  
I. M. El-shahat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Air Pockets

This research aims to innovate a new fabric structure, which could be used as a bed cover based on double honeycomb fabric with self-stitching. The honeycomb air pockets were aimed at facing each other to form closed small air chambers which work to sequester the air. The double fabric increases fabric thickness. Thus, the opportunity to improve thermal comfort could be achieved. A number of samples were produced with different densities and counts of weft yarn. Thermal insulation and water vapour permeability were measured and compared with bed covers produced from reversible weft backed structure. Geometrical properties, abrasion resistance, and air permeability were also measured. The results showed that the innovated structure had higher values of thermal insulation than reversible weft backed structure at certain weft counts and densities.

scholarly journals Produksi Enzim Selulase olehAspergillus niger pada Ampas Sagu

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Idiawati ◽  
Elliska Murni Harfinda ◽  
Lucy Arianie
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Solid Fermentation

Production of cellulase by Aspergillus niger was carried out by growing the cultureson sago waste. Sago waste containscellulose that has not been used optimally. Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers linked by β-1,4-glycosides bonds. Glycoside bonds in cellulose can be enzymatically hydrolyzed into glucose with cellulase enzymes. Solid fermentation used to produce cellulase on sago waste as substrate was influenced by pH (3 to 6), moisture content(40% to 85%), and fermentation time (4 to 10 days). Products of the cellulase enzyme activity was measured by phenolsulfuricacid method. The results showed that the highest cellulase enzyme activity was 0.172 U/mL obtained at 85%moisture content, pH 5, and 8 days of fermentation time.

On The Permeability of Main Wood Species in China

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fucheng Bao ◽  
Jianxiong Lu ◽  
Stavros Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Summary This research dealt with the longitudinal air permeability of 40 important Chinese woods. The air permeabilities measured at about 10% moisture content for softwoods ranged between 0.00759 and 1.87130 darcy, while for hardwoods ranged between 0.00182 and 13.49867 darcy. The sapwood permeability of both softwoods and hardwoods was generally much higher than that of heartwood with 3 to 144 and 1 to 1302 times, respectively. The permeability values of wood were not affected by density between and within species. In all species studied, the permeability of heartwood of all softwoods, about 70% ring-porous and about 30% diffuse-porous or semi-diffuse porous hardwoods were below 0.1 darcy. The number of low permeability softwoods was higher than that of hardwoods. The number of low permeability ring-porous hardwoods was higher than that of diffuse-porous or semi-diffuse porous hardwoods. Finally, all the studied species were classified into five categories by their longitudinal permeabilities.

A New Approach for Surface Ornamentation of Denim Fabric

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Md. Zahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Aesthetic Properties ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Tearing Strength

Fading increases the aesthetic properties of garments produced from denim fabrics. Different fading processes (e.g., laser fading, hand sand brushing, and potassium permanganate (PP) spraying) are applied on denim fabric to modify fabric appearance. A new approach was developed using gamma irradiation prior to the fading process. A design was produced using a CO2 laser for 130 μs. The same design was produced by hand sand brushing and PP spraying. Physical, mechanical, color, and other aesthetic properties were tested, including fabric grams per square meter (GSM), fastness to rubbing and abrasion resistance, tensile and tearing strength, color change (ΔE) values, yellowness index (YI), and color strength (K/S).

Apparent Coefficient of Friction of Wheat on Denim

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles V. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Farm Safety ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Apparent Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract. Calculation of the extraction force for a grain entrapment victim requires a coefficient of friction between the grain and the surface of the victim. Because denim is a common fabric for the work clothes that cover entrapment victims, the coefficient of friction between grain and denim becomes necessary. The purpose of this research was to calculate the apparent coefficient of friction of wheat on denim fabric using a proven procedure. The expectation is to improve the current understanding of conditions that influence extraction forces for victims buried in wheat. The apparent coefficient of friction of wheat on denim fabric was calculated to be 0.167 with a standard deviation of ±0.013. The wheat had a moisture content of 10.7% (w.b.) and bulk density of 778.5 kg m-3. The apparent coefficient of friction of wheat on denim was not significantly affected by pull speeds of 0.004, 0.008, and 0.021 mm s-1 nor normal grain pressures of 3.2, 4.8, 6.3, 7.9, and 11.1 kPa. This is a beginning of understanding the conditions that influence the extraction forces for grain entrapment victims. Keywords: Farm safety, Grain entrapment, Grain rescue, Grain extraction.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme Production by Co-cultures of Fungi Isolated from Lignocellulosic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Francis John V ◽  
Dr. Soloman P A
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Fruit wastes were incubated with the mixture of cellulolytic fungi Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma viride to hydrolyze the cellulosic components and to increase the degree of degradation. . The batch experiments are statistically designed and performed using Box-Benhken method of Response Surface Methodology to investigate the influence of major parameters viz., incubation time, temperature, pH, moisture content and substrate concentration on cellulase enzyme production. Maximum cellulase production of 2.03 Units/ml (U/ml) was detected by the RSM method in a mixed culture containing fungi at a ratio of 1: 1: 1 under optimal conditions at an incubation time of 5.27 days, a temperature of 34.09 °C, pH 4.85, moisture content of 63.83% and a substrate concentration of 5.03%.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AND SOIL SURFACE REFLECTANCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1979-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kaleita ◽  
L. F. Tian ◽  
M. C. Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Reflectance

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Danying Zuo ◽  
Houlei Gan ◽  
Changhai Yi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Laser Bleaching ◽  
Warmth Retention ◽  
Recovery Angle

Kapok is a hollow fiber with a 90% hollow degree. Compared with cotton fiber, kapok fiber has excellent performances, such as good hygroscopicity, and a good warmth retention property. In this work, desized indigo kapok/cotton denim fabrics were bleached in different ways: Laser, cellulose enzyme, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. After bleaching, the K/S values, tensile strength, air permeability, thickness, color fastness to rubbing and the crease recovery angle of denim fabrics were measured through the spectrophotometer, tensile strength tester, air permeability tester, thickness tester, rubbing fastness tester and fabric crease elasticity tester, respectively. The surfaces of fabrics and fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the kapok/cotton fabrics were color-faded after five kinds of bleaching, the K/S values of denim with laser bleaching was declined dramatically, while there was a little change in the permeability. The tensile strength and the weight of the fabrics were decreased, and cloth which was bleached with potassium permanganate was most affected. The color fastness to rubbing and the crease recovery angle of denim fabrics with laser treatment is most suitable for industrial production. In general, laser bleaching is the better way to fade the kapok/cotton denim fabrics. Meanwhile, after five kinds of bleaching, the physical properties of kapok/cotton denim fabrics were similar to those of cotton denim fabric, which indicates that kapok/cotton denim fabric is suitable for the existing industrial bleaching technology.

scholarly journals A new finishing process of cotton fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
KADRİ AKCALI ◽  
MELİHA OKTAV BULUT
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Study Results

Ecological and economic responsibilities have led to the search for alternative material applications in the textile sector as well as in all sectors. Sol-gel technology is one of these applications with advantages such as realization under low temperatures and enabling the desired product shape and format. In this study, the samples of 100% cotton fabric have been processed by using pigment printing technique with natural pumice, amorphous silica and colemanite materials and printing fixation process has been performed by using the sol gel coating method. The sol gel treatment has been carried out with basic catalyst according to the zeta potentials of the solid particulate materials used. After the new created process, surface morphologies, EDS point analysis and F-TIR analysis of all fabric samples have been performed. In addition, the properties such as strength, UV protection, air permeability, water permeability, abrasion resistance, flammability of all fabrics have been investigated. The results of surface analysis have proven that the chemical components of the natural materials are transferred to the fabric samples. It has been proven by the test results that all cotton fabric samples are given high strength, UV protection, flammability, high abrasion resistance and low air permeability. Interpretation of all the analysis and obtained test results has been also made statistically. According to the study results, ecofriendly process step has been created that allows low energy cost and low chemical usage under low temperatures

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