scholarly journals Metavirome Survey of Eight Ray-Finned Fishes Revealed Domination of Giant Viral Members of Pandoravirus and Megaviricetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sana Askari ◽  
Alireza Mohebbi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Fishes are an essential source of food all around the world. The bulk of the microbial diversity in marine ecosystems is uncharacterized, with viruses accounting for most of the remaining diversity. This may be a major danger to public health, therefore knowing the variety of viruses in the marine ecosystem is critical. The goal was to assess the virome of ray-finned fishes in terms of variety and relation to human diseases. Results It was revealed that the viral kingdom was allocated 2,228,888 sequence reads. The pooled genome assay of the ray-finned fishes indicated a significant abundance of viruses in three clades of the genus Pandoravirus (31%), the order of Herepesvirales (23%), and the kingdom of Bamfordvirae (10%). Furthermore, 432281/2031445 reads (21%) of mapped reads were unassigned viruses. According to the GiantVirusFinder findings, 17931 hits (4.15$) were mapped to the genomes of known giantviruses. Conclusion Humans eat seafood regularly as one of their primary diets. Ray-finned fishes have a long evolutionary history and, as demonstrated here, are hosts to a variety of large DNA viruses. Fish must be screened for viral infections that are linked to human illnesses.

Reviewing Antiviral Research Against Viruses Causing Human Diseases - A Structure Guided Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Sikdar ◽  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Evzen Boura
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Strategies ◽  
Hiv Aids

: The littlest of all the pathogens, viruses have continuously been the foremost strange microorganisms to consider. Viral Infections can cause extreme sicknesses as archived by the HIV/AIDS widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are too regularly watched results of numerous viral contaminations. Besides, numerous infections are oncoviruses, which can trigger different sorts of cancer. Nearly every year a modern infection species rises debilitating the world populace with an annihilating episode. Subsequently, the need of creating antivirals to combat such rising infections. In any case, from the innovation of to begin with antiviral medicate Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was FDA-approved in 2018, the hone of creating antivirals has changed significantly. In this article, different auxiliary science strategies have been described that can be referral for therapeutics innovation.

scholarly journals Immunochromatographic Technique for Seropositivity and PCR Based Molecular Diagnosis for Hepatis B and C Virus in a General Population of Mansehra Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Day By Day

Hepatitis B and C infections are known to be the major public health issue around the world. Our focus is to investigate the predominance of HBV and HCV infections in the general population of district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Blood samples were taken from 652 individuals and were shifted to Alkhedmat laboratory Mansehra and Department of Microbiology Hazara University Mansehra. Serum were isolated from blood samples and screen it by ICT device Kit (Accurate Diagnostics, Houston, Texas, USA). The ICT positive samples were then refined by PCR method. Total 652 individuals [males (368), females (284)] were screened for HBV and HCV infections in which total 37 (5.67%) [males (6.52%) and females (4.57%)] were found positive for HBsAg and 42 (6.44%) [males (7.33%) and females (5.28%)] were found positive for Anti HCV respectively. The ratio of these viral infections is more predominant as compare to other viral infections in Mansehra, Pakistan. The rate of HBV and HCV prevalence is increasing day by day in these areas. Communities with more than 5% HBV and HCV disease, mass vaccination and awareness programs should be undertaken as a matter of urgency.

Use of Nanoparticles to Combat COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 412-440
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Abhinay Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the unexpected coronavirus pneumonia pandemic a public health crisis of global significance. COVID-19 in its most severe form can cause coagulation issues and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to viral modifications and the advent of new viral strains, the efficiency of traditional treatments for viral infections is rapidly fading. To overcome the limitations and to improve anti-viral treatments, integrated scientific research toward nanotechnology treatment investigations are anticipated for probable use in the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections. This chapter focuses on nano-based diagnostics, accompanied by a study of nano-based therapeutics and treatments that have been shown to be effective against viruses that are closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the authors anticipate that nanotechnology-based approaches mentioned throughout this chapter will aid researchers in developing new COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment methods.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Questioning Conspiracy Theories, Beliefs or Claims that Have Potential Negative Impact on Public Health Interventions and Proposal for Integrated Communication and Information Dissemination Strategies (ICIDS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aceme Nyika ◽  
Geraldine Taponeswa Nyika ◽  
Jeffrey Tonderai Nyika ◽  
Jeremy Tashinga Nyika ◽  
Trenah Nyika
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrated Communication

The COVID-19 outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 spread across the world causing a pandemic that infected and killed thousands of people globally. Countries made frantic efforts to put in place measures to curb the spread of the viral infections. The measures included social distancing, regular washing of hands with soap, applying sanitizers to hands and surfaces, use of personal protective equipment, screening, testing, isolation of suspected cases, quarantine of cases, lockdowns, treatment of cases and controlled burial of deceased cases.Almost all affected countries experienced four main hindrances to their efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic; (i) challenges in implementing preventative measures effectively, (ii) health care delivery systems that could not cope with the pandemic, (iii) limited resources, and (iv) negative socio-economic impact caused by the pandemic. One of the challenges that hindered efforts to prevent the spread of the pandemic or to manage it are various conspiracy theories, beliefs, and or unproven claims, some of which are contradictory, that were circulated across the world.2This article gives an overview of the covid-19 pandemic, some conspiracy theories, beliefs and claims that were circulated as unofficial information, and questions the unofficial information. The article ends with an outline of some potential negative impact of conspiracy theories, beliefs and claims on public health interventions aimed at controlling the pandemic. In order to counter disinformation and misinformation, the article recommends the establishment of well-coordinated Integrated Communication and Information Dissemination Strategies (ICIDS) at global, continental, regional and national levels.

scholarly journals Important Roles of Oligo- and Polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2: Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3512
Author(s):  
Siavash Iravani ◽  
Rajender S. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
The World ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Low Toxicity

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-initiated outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, posing a huge threat to public health. Natural oligo- and polysaccharides with low toxicity, good sustainability, high biocompatibility, respectable safety, immune regulation, and antiviral activity can be employed as promising candidates for the prevention and inhibition of viral infections, especially COVID-19. Glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, terrestrial plant polysaccharides, and some others have exhibited potential antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses, in the format of polysaccharide-centered vaccine adjuvants, nano-based structures, drug conveyance platforms, etc. In this review, significant recent advancements pertaining to the antiviral applications of oligo- and polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted, including important challenges and future perspectives.

Feature extraction and prediction of Dengue Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Kunal Parikh ◽  
Tanvi Makadia ◽  
Harshil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks

Dengue is unquestionably one of the biggest health concerns in India and for many other developing countries. Unfortunately, many people have lost their lives because of it. Every year, approximately 390 million dengue infections occur around the world among which 500,000 people are seriously infected and 25,000 people have died annually. Many factors could cause dengue such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, inadequate public health, and many others. In this paper, we are proposing a method to perform predictive analytics on dengue’s dataset using KNN: a machine-learning algorithm. This analysis would help in the prediction of future cases and we could save the lives of many.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Eating NAFTA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyshia Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

In the two decades since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect, Mexico has seen an epidemic of diet-related illness. While globalization has been associated with an increase in chronic disease around the world, in Mexico, the speed and scope of the rise has been called a public health emergency. The shift in Mexican foodways is happening at a moment when the country’s ancestral cuisine is now more popular and appreciated around the world than ever. What does it mean for their health and well-being when many Mexicans eat fewer tortillas and more instant noodles, while global elites demand tacos made with handmade corn tortillas? This book examines the transformation of the Mexican food system since NAFTA and how it has made it harder for people to eat as they once did. The book contextualizes NAFTA within Mexico’s approach to economic development since the Revolution, noticing the role envisioned for rural and low-income people in the path to modernization. Examination of anti-poverty and public health policies in Mexico reveal how it has become easier for people to consume processed foods and beverages, even when to do so can be harmful to health. The book critiques Mexico’s strategy for addressing the public health crisis generated by rising rates of chronic disease for blaming the dietary habits of those whose lives have been upended by the economic and political shifts of NAFTA.

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF СOVID-19, SARS-COV-2 VIRUS AND THE DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
A.A. Korenkova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Mayorova ◽  
V.V. Bahmetjev ◽  
M.V. Tretyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection has posed a major public health challenge around the world, but new data on the disease raises more questions than answers. The lack of optimal therapy is a significant problem. The article examines the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of COVID-19, special attention is paid to features of pathological processes and immune responses in children. COVID-19 leads to a wide diversity of negative outcomes, many of which can persist for at least months. Many of the consequences have yet to be identified. SARS-CoV-2 may provoke autoimmune reactions. Reinfection, herd immunity, vaccines and other prevention measures are also discussed in this review.

An Overview of Gambling in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sanju George ◽  
Jessy Fenn ◽  
Kripa Robonderdeep
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The World

Gambling is a popular pastime in India, as in most cultures across the world. Although research from India is limited, there is enough evidence to suggest that it should be of public health importance. In this brief paper, we look at the evolution of gambling in India and also discuss potential ways forward to address this issue.

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