scholarly journals Does the place of residence affect the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding? A study in Eastern Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Agung Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Employed Mothers ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Mother’S Age

Abstract Eastern Indonesia is a region that often underperforms in the health sector. The study aims to analyze the effect of the place of residence to achieve exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Indonesia. The study employed data from the 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey. Toddler (7-59 months) about 8,291 were sampled. Variables included were exclusive breastfeeding status, the place of residence, mother's age, mother's education level, mother's marital status, mother's employment status, toddler's age, and toddler's gender. The final stage employed a binary logistics regression. The research results show that toddlers living in urban areas were 1.149 times more likely than toddlers living in rural areas to achieve exclusive breastfeeding (OR 1.149; 95% CI 1.022-1.291). The results of this analysis indicate that living in rural areas is a risk factor for toddlers not achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Indonesia. On the other hand, it was also found that all levels of education are more likely than those who do not go to school in Eastern Indonesia. Toddlers with employed mothers had 1.192 times the odds of toddlers with unemployed mothers achieving exclusive breastfeeding (OR 1.192; 95% CI 1.072-1.327). Meanwhile, toddler's age was also found to significantly affect achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Indonesia. It was concluded that the place of residence affects the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Indonesia. Toddlers who live in urban areas have a better chance of achieving of exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals The Association between Ethnicity and Level of Education with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Context of the Place of Residence in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim P Anazonwu ◽  
Chukwuedozie K Ajaero ◽  
Peter O Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundWhile researches have been done separately on ethnicity and level of education as factors of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice, there is dearth of studies on the peculiarities of EBF practice in the context place of residence as regards to the combined influence of ethnicity and level of education. To examine the association of ethnicity and level of education with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in urban and rural areas of Nigeria.MethodsData was from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of 2018. The sample comprised of 16,982 urban and 24,834 rural women aged 15-49 years in all the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The outcome variable was exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) practice while the major predictor variables were ethnicity and level of education. Analyses of data were by descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square and binary logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance. ResultsHigher education levels were significantly associated with decreased engagement in EBF practice in urban and rural areas while ethnic differences were significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Being aged 25-34 years (OR=2.316; p=0.000) was significantly associated with increased odds of EBF practice in urban areas. Moreover, region of residence was significantly associated with EBF practice in the rural areas. Finally, in both rural and urban areas, households with more than two children were significantly associated with increased odds of EBF.ConclusionsMore sensitization campaigns on the need to incorporate EBF practice into formal employment work ethics where women with higher levels of education mostly work are needed in urban areas. In addition, ethnic practices, which promote EBF practices, should be encouraged in antenatal and postnatal clinics.

scholarly journals The effects of mother’s education on achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Laksono ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Mursyidul Ibad ◽  
Ina Kusrini
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Background Even though the Indonesian government have set regulations for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding practices, the coverage remains low. The study aims to analyze the effects of mother’s education level on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This study used data from the 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey. It covered data of 53,528 children under 5 years old (7–59 months) as the samples. Variables included exclusive breastfeeding status, mother’s education level, mother’s age, marital status, employment status, gender, residence, under five’s age and gender. A binary logistics regression was performed in the final test. Results Mothers who graduated from elementary school were 1.167 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who never attended schools. Additionally, those who graduated from junior high school had 1.203 times possibilities to give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers without educational records. While, mothers who graduated from high school were 1.177 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to those without educational records. Mothers who graduated from tertiary education had 1.203 times more possibilities to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who were never enrolled to schools. Other variables also became affecting predictors on exclusive breastfeeding, such as mother’s age, mother’s employment status, child’s age, and residence. Conclusions The mother’s education level positively affects exclusive breastfeeding practice in Indonesia.

Survival Disparities in Patients with Lymphoma According to Place of Residence and Treatment Provider: A Population-Based Study

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
Fausto R Loberiza ◽  
Anthony J Cannon ◽  
Dennis D Weisenburger ◽  
Julie M. Vose ◽  
Matt J. Moehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract Objectives: We evaluated the association of the primary area of residence (urban vs. rural) and treatment (trt) provider (university-based vs. community-based) with overall survival in patients with lymphoma, and determined if there are patient subgroups that could benefit from better coordination of care. Methods: We performed a population-based study in 2,330 patients with centrally confirmed lymphoma from Nebraska and surrounding states reported to the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group between 1982 and 2006. Patient residential ZIP codes at the time to trt were used to determine rural/urban designation, household income and distance to trt center; while trt providers were categorized into university-based or community based. Multivariate analyses were used to group patients into risk levels based on 8 factors found to be associated with survival at the time of trt (age, performance score, Ann Arbor stage, presence of B symptoms, LDH levels, tumor bulk, nodal and extranodal involvement). The following categories were identified: low-risk (1–3 factors), intermediate risk (4–5 factors), and high-risk (≥6 factors). Cox proportional regression analyses, stratified by type of lymphoma (low-grade NHL, high-grade NHL and Hodgkin) were used to evaluate the association between place of residence and trt provider with overall survival. Results: Among urban residents, 321 (14%) were treated by university-based providers (UUB) and 816 (35%) were treated by community-based providers (UCB). Among rural residents, 332 (14%) were treated by university-based providers (RUB) and 861 (37%) were treated by community-based providers (RCB). Patients from rural areas were more likely to be older and Caucasian, with a lower median household income, greater travel distance to seek trt, and more likely to have high-risk disease when compared to patients from urban areas. In multivariate analysis, using all patients regardless of risk level, the relative risk of death (RR) among UUB, UCB and RUB was not statistically different. However, RCB had a higher risk of death RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65, p=0.01; RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.33, p<0.01; and RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49, p=0.01 when compared with UUB, UCB and RUB, respectively. This association remained true in both low- and intermediate-risk patients. Among high-risk patients, both RUB and RCB were at higher risk of death when compared with UUB or UCB, while UCB were not different from UUB. We found no differences in progression-free survival according to place of residence and trt provider. The use of stem cell transplantation was significantly higher in patients coming from urban and rural areas treated by university-based providers (UUB 19%, RUB 16%) compared to urban and rural patients treated by community-based providers (UCB 11%, RCB 10%, p < 0.01). Patients from rural areas (RUB and RCB) were slightly less likely to die from lymphoma-related causes than patients from urban areas (75% versus 80%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Overall survival in patients with lymphoma is inferior in patients coming from rural areas. This relationship varies according to treatment provider and pretreatment risk levels. Further studies in patients from rural areas are needed to understand how coordination of care is carried to design appropriate interventions that may improve the disparity noted.

scholarly journals Model collaborative governance dalam pembangunan desa pada masa covid-19: studi di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Ardian Prabowo ◽  
Mujibur Rahman Khairul Muluk ◽  
Ainul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Cultural Resilience ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Government

At present, the Covid-19 contagious disease outbreak can spread rapidly throughout the world, including Indonesia. Apart from having a negative impact on the health sector, it also impacts the economic, social, cultural, resilience, tourism and other sectors. This can threaten people in rural areas who have gaps in health accessibility and high levels of poverty compared to urban areas. So it is necessary to carry out village economic development, but still protect the health of rural communities from the Covid-19 disaster. This cannot be done by the government alone. Interdisciplinary and field cooperation is required by referring to the principles of collaborative governance. The research objective was to determine the ideal collaborative governance model in village development during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. This method can be studied comprehensively and deeply. The results of this study indicate that in South Lampung Regency there are already several priority activities in the economic and health sectors, some of these priority activities such as Covid-19 Response Village, Village Cash Intensive Work, Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), and other Infrastructure Development. These priority activities are collaborations carried out by the government, society and business

scholarly journals Urban vs Rural Factors Associated with Anemia in Haitian School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1470
Author(s):  
Ana Palacios ◽  
Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽  
Lora Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intestinal Worm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Children from urban areas in Haiti have a higher prevalence of anemia vs. rural (71% vs. 51%, respectively). The objective of this study was to identify the mediating factors between urban-rural residence and anemia. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from two clustered randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of a nutrition intervention. A total of 981 children from Cap Haitien, and 300 children from rural areas of the same region were included. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to identify associations with anemia. Models were adjusted for age, school cluster and income. Significant variables were then included in a mediation analysis to explore the relationship between place of residence and child anemia. Results The odds of anemia were 2.35 times greater in children from urban vs. rural areas. Older age was inversely associated with anemia in rural and urban children, [OR = 0.88 95% CI (0.81–0.96)] and [OR 0.93; 95% CI (0.88–1.00)], respectively. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, [OR = 3.41; 95% CI (1.45–7.80)], while households with more adults lowered the odds, [OR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.62–0.98)]. In the urban context, the odds of anemia were greater when intestinal worm morbidities were reported, [OR 1.74; 95% CI (1.13–2.68)]. Among number of adults living in the household, stunting and intestinal helminth morbidities, the latter partially mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence (P = 0.03). Conclusions Younger children are at a higher odds of suffering anemia in both rural and urban contexts. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, while larger households with more adults lowered it. Children with intestinal worm morbidities had a greater odds of anemia in urban locations, and mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence. Findings from this study suggest the need to develop site-specific interventions in Haiti, highlighting the importance of additional, non-nutritional factors of anemia in this population. Funding Sources The original trials received United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Products program FFE-521–2012/034–00.

scholarly journals The External Factors Associated with Stunting Occurrence among 12 – 59 Months Old Toddler

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
The Family ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

Background: Intervention strategy employed in solving stunting cases should be comprehensive by focusing on both direct (internal) and indirect factors (external). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the indirect factors influencing the occurrence of stunting in toddlers. Methods: The study design used was community-based case control with the population comprising of toddlers between 12-59 months old. The sample size included 49 cases and 98 controls, and the stunting was measured by using anthropometry. Furthermore, short toddlers were indicated by nutrition status which was determined by the ideal height in certain age and .compared with the provision of WHO-MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study) that any toddler with z-score less than -2 SD is short and less than -3 SD is categorized as very short. Results: The multivariate analysis conducted proved that toddlers with inadequate child-rearing have a greater risk (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.03 (95% CI: 1.15-7.98) of experiencing stunting compared to those raised adequately. Those living in families below Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) has a greater risk (AOR = 4.63 (95 % CI: 1.701-12.63) of stunting compared to those in families with above Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI). It was also found that those without exclusive breastfeeding has a greater risk (AOR = 4.53 (95 % CI: 1.64-12.49) compared to those with exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The intervention methods needed to improve stunting’s problem-solving in rural areas include giving adequate child-rearing, improving the economic status of the family, and parent's knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.

scholarly journals Diet cost and quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 in adults from urban and rural areas of Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Katherine Curi-Quinto ◽  
Mishel Unar-Munguía ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Elin Röös ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Diet Cost

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the association between diet cost and quality by place of residence. Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Diet cost was estimated by linking dietary data, obtained from a 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaire, with municipality food prices, which were derived from a national expenditure survey. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Association between quintiles of diet cost and HEI-2015 was assessed using linear regression analysis. Settings: Mexico. Participants: 2438 Adults (18 to 59 years). Results: Diet cost was positively associated with diet quality (HEI-2015) in urban but not in rural areas. Compared to quintile (Q1) of cost, the increment in diet quality score was 1.17 (95% CI -0.06, 4.33) for Q2, 2.14 (95% CI -0.06, 4.33) for Q3, 4.70 (95% CI 2.62, 6.79) for Q4, and 6.34 (95% CI 4.20, 8.49) for Q5 (p-trend<0.001). Individuals in rural vs urban areas on average have higher-quality diets at lower cost with higher intakes of whole grains and beans, and lower intakes of sodium, added sugars & saturate fats. Living in the South, being indigenous, and having low socioeconomic status was also associated with higher-quality diets. Conclusion: Diet cost was positively associated to diet quality, but only in urban areas. Further studies are needed to understand the relation between diet cost and quality in rural areas. To improve overall diet quality in Mexico, strategies that aim to reduce the cost of high-quality diets should consider the heterogeneity by place of residence.

Stunted Toddler in Eastern Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Laksono ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Status Monitoring ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

Abstract Background: Eastern is one of the regions that have a higher prevalence rate of stunted children than other regions in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunted toddlers in Eastern Indonesia.Methods: The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 24,103 toddlers in eastern Indonesia were sampled. Data were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression test.Results: The results of the study found that toddlers living in urban areas had a 0.798 times chance compared to toddlers living in rural areas to experience severe stunted (OR 0.798; 95% CI 0.719-0.885). A toddler with a married mother is 0.706 times more likely than a toddler with a divorced/widowed mother to experience severe stunted (OR 0.706; 95% CI 0.547-0.911). The results of this multivariate analysis indicate that the better the level of education of a mother, the less likely it is to have stunted and severely stunted toddlers. Meanwhile, the analysis also found that toddler's age is a determinant of stunted and severe stunted toddlers.Conclusion: It concluded that 4 factors were found as risk factors for stunted toddlers in Eastern Indonesia. The four factors are living in rural areas, having a divorced/widowed mother, poor education, and a toddler's age.

scholarly journals Vision health disparities in blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: A review of the Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna F. Akano
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Purpose: Blindness and visual impairment have become public health problems with prevalence increasing year after year. Nigeria, the most populated country in Africa, is also very diverse in terms of geographical location, ethnicity and culture. This study looks at and considers the vision health disparities in blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria using socio-demographic factors such as gender, geopolitical zones, place of residence and literacy.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar databases from May 2014 to May 2015. The search included articles from 2001 to May 2015 as well as a review of the Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.Results: The male dominance culture and lower literacy levels among women in Nigeria have led to a higher prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among women compared to men. In Nigeria, eye diseases that lead to blindness and visual impairment occur more in certain geopolitical zones and ecological regions than others. More Nigerians live in remote rural areas, with little or no access to health care, rather than in urban areas where there are more eye care practitioners and better facilities for care.Conclusion: Differences in gender, geopolitical zones, place of residence and literacy are responsible for existing vision health disparities in blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria.

Epidemiologic Factors Affecting Plantar Arch Development in Children with Flat Feet

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pauk ◽  
Valeriy Ezerskiy ◽  
James V. Raso ◽  
Miroslaw Rogalski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Epidemiologic Factors ◽  
Flat Feet

Background: Foot problems are reported by approximately 70% to 80% of adults and 30% of children. One of the most important characteristics affecting its incidence is medial longitudinal arch. Assessing arch height provides valuable information for prescribing appropriate footwear that reduces the consequences of flatfoot. The main goals of this study were to explore epidemiologic factors that affect arch height and to predict arch height in children with flatfoot based on five variables using widely accessible, low-cost tools. Methods: This study examined plantar arch height in 80 children with flatfoot aged 7 to 15 years. The evaluation criteria included low arch height, correct knee and heel position, and correct body symmetry. To measure arch height, the children sat in a chair and placed their feet on level ground. A caliper was used to measure the height between the bottom of the navicular tuberosity and the floor. Using least mean square error scheme, a multivariable model was fitted to the plantar arch height for all of the participants using independent variables, including age, Cole index, sex, place of residence, and physical activity. Results: Arch height increased as age increased in boys and girls in rural and urban areas. A significant increase in arch height occurred in 12- to 15-year-old boys and 10- to 15-year-old girls. In boys, arch height was 30% lower than in girls (P = .05). In children in cities, arch height was lower by 26% than in children in rural areas (P = .05). Arch height increased by 41.8% in inactive boys and by 115.2% in inactive girls in rural areas. It was reduced by 59.4% in boys and by 47.4% in girls as the Cole index increased from 82.2 to 152.0. The suggested model predicted arch height using the child’s age, Cole index, sex, place of residence, and physical activity (r &gt; 0.97, error &lt; 0.04 mm [2%], P &lt; .05). Conclusions: Flat feet in children may be affected by age, sex, Cole index, place of residence, and physical activity. The proposed model allows plantar arch heights in children with flat feet to be predicted without the need for sophisticated technology via controlling the child’s weight and physical activity for prescribing appropriate footwear. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(2): 114–121, 2012)

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