scholarly journals Seasonal Breeding Leads to Changes for Gut Microbiota Diversity in the Wild Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Dauricus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Yuchen Yao ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Jiahui Zhong ◽  
Fuli Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Background: Seasonal breeding is a normal phenomenon that animals adapt to natural selection and reproduce only in specific seasons. With the gradual popularization of Next-generation sequencing (NGS), large studies have shown that seasonal breeding has been affected by gut microbiota. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of seasonal breeding on the gut microbiota of wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to sequence the gut microbiota of the wild ground squirrel in the breeding season and non-breeding season. We also predicted the function of gut microbiota by bioinformatic software.Results: The results showed that the main components of gut microbiota in all samples consisted of Firmicutes (61.8%), Bacteroidetes (32.4%), and Proteobacteria (3.7%). Microbial community composition analyses revealed significant differences between these two groups. At the genus level, Alistipes, Mycoplasma, Anaerotruncus, and Odoribacter were up-regulated in the non-breeding season, while Blautia and Streptococcus spp. were up-regulated in the breeding season. The result of function prediction suggested that the relative abundance of functional categories related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism was higher in the breeding season. The expression of transcription, energy metabolism, and signal transduction was enriched in the non-breeding season. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study emphasized the significant effects of seasonal breeding on gut microbiota community composition of the wild ground squirrel and laid a foundation for further study of gut microbiota on seasonal breeding in the future.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in the Distinct Taxonomy and Function of the Gut Microbiota in the Wild Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2685
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Yuchen Yao ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Jiahui Zhong ◽  
Fuli Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Seasonal breeding is a normal phenomenon in which animals adapt to natural selection and reproduce only in specific seasons. Large studies have reported that the gut microbiota is closely related to reproduction. The purpose of this study was to explore the distinct taxonomy and function of the gut microbiota in the breeding and non-breeding seasons of the wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the gut microbiota of the wild ground squirrel. PICRUSt analysis was also applied to predict the function of the gut microbiota. The results suggested that the main components of the gut microbiota in all samples were Firmicutes (61.8%), Bacteroidetes (32.4%), and Proteobacteria (3.7%). Microbial community composition analyses revealed significant differences between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. At the genus level, Alistipes, Mycoplasma, Anaerotruncus, and Odoribacter were more abundant in the non-breeding season, while Blautia and Streptococcus were more abundant in the breeding season. The results of a functional prediction suggested that the relative abundance of functional categories that were related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism increased in the breeding season. The relative abundance of energy metabolism, transcription, and signal transduction increased in the non-breeding season. Overall, this study found differences in the taxonomy and function of the gut microbiota of the wild ground squirrel between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and laid the foundation for further studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and seasonal breeding.

scholarly journals Dietary Correlates of Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Du ◽  
Jun-Qiong Chen ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jian-Chao Fu ◽  
Chi-Xian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Numerous studies have demonstrated that food shapes the structure and composition of the host’s oral and gut microbiota. The disorder of oral and gut microbiota may trigger various host diseases. Here, we collected oral and gut samples from wild water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator) and their captive conspecifics fed with bullfrogs, eggs, and depilated chicken, aiming to examine dietary correlates of oral and gut microbiota. We used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to analyze the composition of the microbiota. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the oral microbiota, and so were in the gut microbiota. The alpha diversity of microbiota was significantly higher in the gut than in the oral cavity, and the alpha diversity of oral microbiota was higher in captive lizards than in wild conspecifics. Comparing the relative abundance of oral and gut bacteria and their gene functions, differences among different animal groups presumably resulted from human contact in artificial breeding environments and complex food processing. Differences in gene function might be related to the absolute number and/or the taxonomic abundance of oral and gut microorganisms in the wild and the water environment. This study provides not only basic information about the oral and gut microbiota of captive and wild water monitor lizards, but also an inference that feeding on frogs and aquatic products and reducing human exposure help water monitor lizards maintain a microbiota similar to that in the wild environment.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Analysis As A Non-Invasive Tool for the Early Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Xueyan Li ◽  
Sina Zhang ◽  
Chen Jin ◽  
Zixia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hepatobiliary Cancer

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe liver-microbiome axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary cancer, and the role of the gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear.METHODWe conducted a case-control study on the intestinal flora of 33 CCA patients and 47 cholelithiasis individuals. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify disease-related gut microbiota and assess the potential of the intestinal microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for CCA.RESULTWe found that gut microbiome of CCA patients had a significantly higher alpha diversity (Shannon and Observed species indices, p = 0.006 and p = 0.02, respectively) and an overall different microbial community composition (p = 0.032). The genus Muribaculaceae_unclassified was most strongly associated with CCA (p < 0.001). We put forward a disease predictive model including twelve intestinal microbiome genera distinguished CCA patients from CF patients with an area under curve (AUC) of approximately 0.93 (95%CI, 0.85–0.987). The forecasting performance of this model was better than CA19-9. Moreover, genera Ezakiella and Garciella were only observed among intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Further, we assessed predicted functional modules alternations CCA patients and uncovered a microbiota pattern specific to CCA.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide evidence of the intestinal microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for CCA.

scholarly journals Altered fecal microbiota composition in individuals who abuse methamphetamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongde Yang ◽  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Xuebing Liu ◽  
Guangya Liu ◽  
Kuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Paradigm

AbstractAs a severe public health problem, methamphetamine (METH) abuse places a heavy burden on families and society. A growing amount of evidence has indicated communication between gut microbiota and the CNS in drug addiction, with associations to neural, endocrine and immune pathways. Thus, we searched for alterations in the gut microbiota and their potential effects in METH users through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A decreased Shannon index indicated lower bacterial diversity in the METH users than in the age-matched control group. The gut microbial community composition in the METH users was also altered, including reductions in Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidaceae abundances and increases in Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Romboutsia and Lachnospiraceae abundances. Moreover, the Fusobacteria abundance was correlated with the duration of METH use. Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium had statistically significant correlations with items related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to general psychopathology in the METH users, and all have previously been reported to be altered in individuals with psychotic syndromes, especially depression. Abstraction, one of the items of the cognitive assessment, was positively related to Blautia. These findings revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of METH users, and these alterations may play a role in psychotic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Although the mechanisms behind the links between these disorders and METH abuse are unknown, the relationships may indicate similarities in the pathogenesis of psychosis induced by METH abuse and other causes, providing a new paradigm for addiction and METH use disorder treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the gut microbiome in association with biological signatures of inflammation in murine polytrauma and shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Appiah ◽  
Christine L. Foxx ◽  
Dominik Langgartner ◽  
Annette Palmer ◽  
Cristian A. Zambrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractSevere injuries are frequently accompanied by hemorrhagic shock and harbor an increased risk for complications. Local or systemic inflammation after trauma/hemorrhage may lead to a leaky intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent translocation of gut microbiota, potentially worsening outcomes. To evaluate the extent with which trauma affects the gut microbiota composition, we performed a post hoc analysis of a murine model of polytrauma and hemorrhage. Four hours after injury, organs and plasma samples were collected, and the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiome were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although cecal microbial alpha diversity and microbial community composition were not found to be different between experimental groups, norepinephrine support in shock animals resulted in increased alpha diversity, as indicated by higher numbers of distinct microbial features. We observed that the concentrations of proinflammatory mediators in plasma and intestinal tissue were associated with measures of microbial alpha and beta diversity and the presence of specific microbial drivers of inflammation, suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiome at the time of trauma, or shortly after trauma exposure, may play an important role in determining physiological outcomes. In conclusion, we found associations between measures of gut microbial alpha and beta diversity and the severity of systemic and local gut inflammation. Furthermore, our data suggest that four hours following injury is too early for development of global changes in the alpha diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiome. Future investigations with increased temporal-spatial resolution are needed in order to fully elucidate the effects of trauma and shock on the gut microbiome, biological signatures of inflammation, and proximal and distal outcomes.

scholarly journals Soil N2O emission potential falls along a denitrification phenotype gradient linked to differences in microbiome, rainfall and carbon availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Highton ◽  
Lars R. Bakken ◽  
Peter Dörsch ◽  
Steve Wakelin ◽  
Cecile A. M. de Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
List Type ◽  
Carbon Addition ◽  
Carbon Availability

AbstractSoil denitrification produces the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and by further reduction of N2O, the harmless inert gas N2. N2O emission is determined by rate and timing of the N2O producing and reducing steps which are sensitive to a series of proximal and distal regulators such as pH and microbial community composition. Microbial community associations to N2O emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)) are commonly entangled with pH leaving the true role of community composition unclear. Here, we leverage a set of soil microbiomes strongly linked to rainfall above pH to test the hypothesis that microbiome vs. N2O emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)) correlations will be maintained across alternative distal drivers. N2O emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)) and denitrification gas (NO, N2O, N2) kinetics were assessed by automated gas chromatography while community composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR of nosZI and II genes. Analyses revealed a sustained correlation between microbiome and N2O emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)) in the absence of a pH effect. Further, a continuum of gas accumulation phenotypes linked to NO accumulation and sensitive to carbon addition are identified. Separate phenotypes carried out N2O production and reduction steps more concurrently or sequentially and thus determined N2O accumulation and emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)). Concurrent N2O producing/reducing soils typically contained NO accumulation to a low steady state, while carbon addition manipulations which increased NO accumulation also increased sequentiality of N2O production/reduction and thus emission potential (N2O/(N2O+N2)). These features may indicate a conserved NO inhibitory mechanism across multiple effectors (rainfall, community composition, carbon availability).HighlightsN2O emission potential is linked to microbiome changes associated with rainfall, but not to pH.Sequential vs. concurrent denitrification phenotypes differing in NO and N2O accumulation are identified.High N2O accumulation is associated with increased NO accumulation.Sequentiality of N2O production/reduction determines soil N2O emission potential.Sequentiality of N2O reduction was susceptible to manipulation via carbon addition.

scholarly journals Diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities of wild and cultivated ginseng

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Fang ◽  
Huaying Wang ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Manqi Wang ◽  
Mingzhou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Wild Ginseng ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background Different plant species, even different plant varieties, will promote different combinations of microbial communities related to them. Here, the objective was to explore the differences in the rhizosphere microbial communities in the wild ginseng, farmland cultivated ginseng and understory wild ginseng. The rhizosphere soil was obtained from three type of ginsengs, namely wild ginseng (WDG), farmland cultivated ginseng (CDG) and understory wild ginseng (LXG) (all ginsengs grown in the field). The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analyzed to investigate the diversity and structure of the microbial community. Result We found the fungal communities were more influenced bacterial communities. There were differences in the microbial community composition under three types of ginsengs. Moreover, higher bacterial diversity and lower fungal diversity in CDG compared with WDG. Changes in rhizosphere microbial community composition and diversity of WDG and CDG may be caused by domestication. Furthermore, the relative abundance of potential phytopathogens, Chloroflexi, Fusarium and Alternaria were higher in CDG compared to WDG and LXG. This may be related to the fact that cultivated ginseng has a short life cycle and is susceptible to disease. Conclusion We found differences in the rhizosphere microbial community of the three types of ginsengs, and the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms is significantly different. This result provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of ginseng planting and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Palmas ◽  
Silvia Pisanu ◽  
Veronica Madau ◽  
Emanuela Casula ◽  
Andrea Deledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenhai Gong ◽  
Yinglin Feng ◽  
Yunong Zeng ◽  
Huanrui Zhang ◽  
Meiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

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