scholarly journals Prevention and Curation of DSS-induced IBD in Mice With Bacillus Subtilis Fermented Milk via Inhibition of the Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of the Intestinal Flora

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Tong ◽  
Xiaomei Lyu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yuxue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related to the local inflammatory damage and the dysbacteriosis of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and ameliorate IBD. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain B. subtilis JNFE0126 was used as the starter of fermented milk. However, the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis fermented milk on IBD remains to be explored.Methods：The therapeutic effect of the B. subtilis fermented milk on DSS-induced IBD model mice was evaluated. The disease activity index (DAI) and the pathological features of small intestinal and colonic mucosa were examined. For exploring the action mechanism of B. subtilis, immunohistochemical staining and western-blotting were used to analyse the expression of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, the proliferation of the intestinal stem cells, and the reconstruction of the mucosa barrier. The alteration of gut microbiota was investigated by taxonomic analysis.Results: The DAI of IBD was significantly decreased through oral administration of B. subtilis (JNFE0126) fermented milk, and the intestinal mucosa injury was attenuated. Moreover, B. subtilis could reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa, induce proliferation of the intestinal stem cell, and promote reconstruction of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, B. subtilis could rebalance the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Bacillus, Alistipes and Lactobacillus, while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides.Conclusion: Oral administration of the B. subtilis fermented milk could alleviate DSS-induced IBD via inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of the mucosal barrier reconstruction and regulation of the intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Prevention and Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice With Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Milk via Inhibition of the Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of the Intestinal Flora

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Tong ◽  
Xiaomei Lyu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuxue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related to the local inflammatory damage and the dysbacteriosis of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and ameliorate IBD. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain B. subtilis JNFE0126 was used as the starter of fermented milk. However, the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis-fermented milk on IBD remain to be explored. In this research, the therapeutic effect of B. subtilis-fermented milk on dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model was evaluated. Besides, the expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, the proliferation of the intestinal stem cells, and the reconstruction of the mucosa barrier were investigated. Finally, alteration of the gut microbiota was investigated by taxonomic analysis. As shown by the results, the disease activity index (DAI) of IBD was significantly decreased through oral administration of B. subtilis (JNFE0126)-fermented milk, and intestinal mucosa injury was attenuated. Moreover, B. subtilis could reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa, induce proliferation of the intestinal stem cell, and promote reconstruction of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, B. subtilis could rebalance the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Bacillus, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides. In conclusion, oral administration of the B. subtilis-fermented milk could alleviate DSS-induced IBD via inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of the mucosal barrier reconstruction, and regulation of the intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Estimation of permeability to bacteriophages of intestinal mucosa of chickens with eimeriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N. V. Davydova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
Yu. N. Kozlova ◽  
L. I. Sulimova ◽  
V. N. Afonyushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.

scholarly journals Colonic Mucosal Immune Activation in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Disease: Association between Allergic Airway Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Kim ◽  
Bora Keum ◽  
Junhyoung Byun ◽  
Byoungjae Kim ◽  
Kijeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Recent studies on the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have focused on the role of mast cells (MCs) in intestinal mucosal immunity. A link between allergic airway diseases (AADs) and IBS has been suggested because both diseases have similar pathophysiology. We aimed to investigate whether the induction of AAD in mice could lead to inflammation of the colonic mucosa, similar to IBS. We also evaluated whether this inflammatory response could be suppressed by administering a therapeutic agent. Mice were divided into three groups: control, AAD-induced, and salbutamol-treated. An AAD mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection and nasal challenge with ovalbumin. Mice with AAD were intranasally administered salbutamol. Analyses of cytokine levels, MC count, and tryptase levels in the intestinal mucosa were performed to compare the changes in inflammatory responses among the three groups. Inflammation was observed in the intestinal mucosa of mice in the AAD group. This inflammation in AAD mice was suppressed after salbutamol treatment. Our study demonstrates that AAD induces an inflammatory response similar to that in IBS, suggesting a possible association between IBS and AADs. In patients with IBS with such allergic components, salbutamol may have the potential to alleviate the inflammatory response.

Potent Inhibitory Effects of Quercetin on Inflammatory Responses of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiichiro Kawaguchi ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko ◽  
Ryo Miyake ◽  
Hiroaki Takimoto ◽  
Yoshio Kumazawa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin

Background: Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inflammatory cells in lesions is the hallmark of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regulation of inflammatory responses in knee joints of patients with RA is critical for improving severe symptoms. Flavonoids have inhibitory effects on the acute and chronic inflammatory responses caused by TNF-α. The flavonoid quercetin (QUER) is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants. Objective: The present study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of QUER on inflammatory responses in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods: Mice with CIA, a mouse model for RA, were treated with QUER orally three times a week either from the second immunization with collagen (day 21) or day 28 when symptoms of CIA had developed midway. Results: In both cases, inflammation-related clinical scores of knee joints were significantly reduced by treatment with QUER. Histological analyses showed that the representative characteristics of RA, such as damage to interchondral joints, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and pannus formation, were significantly reduced by QUER treatment. Oral administration of QUER significantly decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of TNF- α mRNA in knee joints was decreased in QUER-treated mice, compared with those of CIA controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral administration of QUER might effectively improve symptoms of RA.

scholarly journals Naringin Exhibited Therapeutic Effects against DSS-Induced Mice Ulcerative Colitis in Intestinal Barrier–Dependent Manner

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6604
Author(s):  
Ruige Cao ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Xin Pan ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner

Naringin is a kind of multi-source food additive which has been explored broadly for its various biological activities and therapeutic potential. In the present study, the protective effect and mechanism of naringin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice were investigated. The results showed that naringin significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, including disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, and colon pathological damage. The tissue and serum secretion of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the oxidative stress, were decreased accordingly upon naringin intervention. Naringin also decreased the proteins involved in inflammation and increased the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Moreover, naringin increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and reduced the content of Proteobacteria to improve the intestinal flora disorder caused by DSS, which promotes the intestinal health of mice. It was concluded that naringin can significantly ameliorate the pathogenic symptoms of UC through inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating intestinal microbiota, which might be a promising natural therapeutic agent for the dietary treatment of UC and the improvement of intestinal symbiosis.

scholarly journals Autophagy R Educes B Acterial T Ranslocation by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae-Caused Liver Abscesses Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Lu ◽  
Xianlong Wang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Chengfen Yin ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Translocation of intestinal flora can cause liver abscesses.The epidemiological data were mainly Kebsiella pneumoniae infection.It is usually associated with changes in mucosal autophagy and oxidative stress.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between autophagy and oxidative stress on the intestinal mucosal barrier of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae-caused liver abscesses(hvKp-cla) mice model. And the genes that might be involved.Methods C57BL/6J mice were used as study subjects to induce liver abscesses model by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae gavage. Bacterial translocation (BT) was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis.Morphological alterations in the liver and gut were assessed by hematoxylin–eosin staining.Oxidative stress status was determined by measuring the level of intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).In situ hybridization was used to determine whether the bacteria had migrated to the liver.Western blot, RT-PCR,and immunofuorescent staining were preformed to analyze the expression of tight junction and autophagy proteins. The ultrastructural changes of liver were examined by electron microscopy.RNA-seq was used to detect the possible involved genes. Results According to the sequencing analysis, mice were divided into BT (+) group (n = 7) and BT (-) group(n = 7).The damage of intestinal mucosa and liver in BT(+) group was more serious than that in BT(-) group. The translocated Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria and liver.The content of MDA was clearly elevated, and SOD as well as GPx activities were decreased in BT (+) group as compared with BT (-) group.The expression of LC3II and Beclin1 in BT (-) group was higher than that observed in BT (+). In contrast, BT (+)group had a lower level of Zonulin-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-2. RNA-seq found 1912 genes were up-regulated and 1,911 genes down-regulated. Those genes of mTOR,Atg4b and SERPINA3 were involved. Conclusion Autophagy reduces intestinal hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae translocation by reducing oxidative stress levels. Those genes of mTOR,Atg4b and SERPINA3 were involved.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Response and Muscarinic Cholinergic Regulation during the Laxative Effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Ji Park ◽  
Mi Kang ◽  
Hyeon Choi ◽  
Su Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Asparagus Cochinchinensis

Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.

scholarly journals Exploring the Mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-yue Yang ◽  
Le-le Ma ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jun-zhi Lin ◽  
Li Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Pathological Section ◽  
Indigo Naturalis

Background: Clinical trials have proven that indigo naturalis is a candidate drug for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of indigo naturalis to treat mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC.Methods: DSS-induced UC mice were treated with indigo naturalis (200 mg/kg), indigo (4.76 mg/kg), and indirubin (0.78 mg/kg) for 1 week. The anti-UC mechanism of indigo naturalis was studied by pathological section, inflammatory factor, western blot, and 16S rRNA sequencing.Results: According to body weight change, disease activity index, and colon length, indigo naturalis had the strongest anti DSS-induced UC effect, followed by indirubin and indigo. Pathological section showed that indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase the secretion of intestinal mucus, and repair the intestinal mucosa. Indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction. Indigo naturalis and indigo could also reduce IgA and IgG both in serum and colon tissue. In addition, indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could adjust the gut microbiota structure of DSS-induced UC mice, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of probiotics.Conclusion: Indigo and indirubin are one of the main anti-UC components of indigo naturalis. INN could regulate intestinal flora, reduce inflammation, repair intestinal mucosa, and improve the physiological status of DSS-induced UC mice and its anti-UC mechanism may be involved in inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Herbal Formulation KM1608 on Inflammatory Bowl Diseases: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Sook Shin ◽  
Sang-Back Kim ◽  
Jaemin Lee ◽  
Han-Seok Choi ◽  
Jimin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aucklandia lappa DC., Terminalia chebula Retz and Zingiber officinale Roscoe have been traditionally used in east Asia to treat chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study aimed to evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of KM1608, which is composed of three natural herbs in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. The anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism were assessed in vitro using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. The in vivo effect of KM1608 on DSS-induced colitis was examined after oral administration in mice. KM1608 significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of KM1608 was attributed to the reduction of Akt phosphorylation in the LPS-treated cells. In the mouse model, oral administration of KM1608 significantly improved DSS-induced colitis symptoms, such as disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and colon weight, as well as suppressed the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the DSS-induced colitis tissues. Taken together, KM1608 improved colitis through the regulation of inflammatory responses, suggesting that KM1608 has potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Astilbin fromSmilax glabraRoxb. Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Dong ◽  
Jinqiu Zhu ◽  
Hongzhi Du ◽  
Heng Nong ◽  
Xicheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from the rhizome ofSmilax glabraRoxb. (with red cross-section) grown in Guizhou Province, China. We accessed its effect and potential mechanism on attenuation of the inflammatory response in CFA-induced AA rats. Our results showed that daily oral administration of astilbin at 5.3 mg/kg reduced joint damage in the hind paw of AA rats. Accordingly, astilbin exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Significant decrease of serum cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was also observed in astilbin-treated AA rats compared to the vehicle-treated AA rats. The reduced expression of these cytokines was associated with protein activity suppression of three key molecular targets in the pathogenesis of RA, including IKKβ, NF-κB p65 subunit, and TLR adaptor MyD88. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of astilbin on the inhibition of cytokines production as well as the reduction of inflammatory response in AA rats are close to a commonly used antirheumatic drug, leflunomide. Collectively, our data suggest that the action mechanism of astilbin, as an anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment, is associated with modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the expression of key elements in NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by TLR.

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