A Study on Information Asymmetry and the Agency Problem of Large-scale Enterprise Group Affiliated Companies - Focusing on the research and development investment and the corporate value relationship -

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Kewdae Lee ◽  
Chi-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Enterprise Group ◽  
Corporate Value

Degradation Mode of PBAT Mulching Film and Control Methods During Its Degradation Induction Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runmeng Qiao ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
Jialei Liu ◽  
Aocheng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Controllable Degradation ◽  
Mulching Film ◽  
Agricultural Film

: The plastic film plays an important role in China's agricultural production. However, the large-scale use of plastic film has also produced a very serious problem of agricultural film pollution. Biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention because of the environmental pollution caused by traditional plastic mulching film. The most typical one is poly (butylene adipate co butylene terephthalate, PBAT). Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) is a kind of aliphatic–aromatic polyesters with excellent biodegradability and mechanical processing properties. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed and widely used in the industry. However, there are clear requirements for the degradation period of agricultural film. At present, the degradable materials available on the market are difficult to meet the requirements of all crops for their degradation period. In this paper, the basic properties，degradation process and ways to delay the degradation of PBAT are reviewed to improve the degradation period of plastic film prepared by using this kind of material. Among them, the degradation process includes photodegradation, biodegradation and hydrolysis. The ways to delay the degradation include adding chain extender, light stabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent and antibacterial agent. These can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of biodegradable film with controllable degradation cycle. The future research and development of biodegradable polymers mainly focus on controllable degradation rate, stable degradation cycle, new materials and reducing research and development costs.

scholarly journals Video Development as Supporting Learning Media for Teachers at SMP Negeri 5 Tidore Islands [Pengembangan Video Sebagai Penunjang Media Pembelajaran Bagi Guru di SMP Negeri 5 Tidore Kepulauan]

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Jhoni Lagun Siang ◽  
Bahrudin Hasan ◽  
Lukman Tamhir
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Media Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Feasibility Test ◽  
Development Methods

The purpose of this study is to: (1) produce video lessons that are feasible to be applied as learning media. (2) knowing the feasibility of learning videos so that they are feasible to be applied to learning media. Development of this learning video uses research and development methods or Research & Development which produces learning videos. This development research uses Allesi and Trollip method, which includes 3 steps of development, namely (1) planning: determining needs and goals, gathering resources, and generating ideas. (2) design: create flowcharts, create storyboards, and prepare scripts. (3) development: producing video and audio, programming material, preparing supporting components, evaluating and revising. The results of this development research are learning video products that have been tested for their feasibility by media experts, material experts, and students as users of the media. The overall results of the trial showed results, good namely obtaining a Worthy category with details: (1) the material expert test obtained an average yield of 3.55 which was categorized as feasible (2) the media expert test obtained an average yield of 3.5 which was categorized as feasible (3) scale test small by students get 3.5 average results which are categorized as feasible, (4) large-scale test by students get an average yield of 3.19 which is categorized as feasible. Based on the results of the media feasibility test, it can be concluded that the video is learning feasible to use.

scholarly journals The Value of a Firm: Asymmetric Information in Economic Value Added Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
V.O. Fedorovich ◽  
T.V. Fedorovich
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Subject. The value of a firm is an unbiased and reliable measure of operations and strategic performance of an enterprise. Objectives. The study analyzes a combination of approaches based on the book and market values as part of the information asymmetry theory, which points out the comprehensive integrated indicator, such as a firm's value as an unbiased and the most understandable metric for stakeholders, shareholders, would-be investors and managers. Methods. The study is based on methods of induction, deduction and general cognition, methods of logic, statistical and correlation analyses. Results. It is advisable to reduce the information asymmetry for principals and agents by updating the Economic Value Added (EVA) and derivative indicators, such as CFROI, CVA, RCF and EM, which are integrated into consolidated income, earnings before taxes and structure of capital owned by subsidiaries and associates and share of capital invested in the development of property portfolios of corporations. Subsidiaries and associates contribute to the consolidated net income, being financially accountable for the capital involved. Conclusions and Relevance. To forecast the value of a firm, economic-mathematical modeling is advisable, since it will ensure an unbiased evaluation of the firm’s position within a three to five year time horizon and help to reduce the information asymmetry, which requires special tools to substantiate the increment in EVA and corporate capitalization. The ultimate objective of research provides for an unbiased integrated value, such as corporate value of a business, which decreases the information asymmetry for principals and agents.

Sustainable Development in The Academic Community as an Opportunity to Develop The Awareness of Urban and Rural Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Marecki ◽  
Agnieszka Wójcik-Czerniawska ◽  
Zbigniew Grzymała
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Development Goals

The purpose of the article is to present the activities carried out by the Warsaw School of Economics, including the Department of Economics and Finance of the Local Government, aimed at both activities aimed at the diversified development of the broader sense - the activities of the Universities in this respect and in the strict sense, i.e. the activities of one of the departments, i.e. the Department of Economics and Finance of the Local Government within research and development at the local government level. The activities in the area of sustainable development include the membership to the Sustainable Development Goals Accord, the seat of the Polish branch of OIKOS International . On the other hand, activities in the field of sustainable development strictly mean activities in the field of research and development as well as conducting lectures and postgraduate studies in the field of sustainable development in the broad sense of the word. These activities are carried out by the mentioned department. The activities are therefore implemented on a large scale in order to increase the promotion of the idea of sustainable development in order to support the idea of sustainable development at every possible level, from national to local.

Phil-Tech Meets Eco-Phil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Ihde
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
False Dichotomy

Don Ihde examines the “congenital dystopianism” shared by environmentalists, environmental philosophers, and philosophers of technology. Each group employs a “rhetoric of alarm” that connects the use of technologies with environmental degradations. Ihde calls attention to how excessive rhetorical strategies have locked us into a false dichotomy: either technological-environmental utopianism or dystopianism. The problem is that we have not yet fully diagnosed either what our technologies can or should do, or what the environmental crises actually are. So long as we continue to accept either utopian or dystopian forecasts we are unlikely to bring either technologies or ecosystems into appropriate focus. Techno-environmental problems are complex, ambiguous, and interwoven; they rarely lend themselves either to an easy techno-fix or simple solution. The hardest problem of them all is how to turn major actors in the economy green: large scale development projects and multinational corporations. The challenge for a proactive philosopher is to get on the ground floor of technological research and development in order to help figure out how to green the economy itself.

Are the Pre-Diffusion Phases Shortening?

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
J. R. Ortt
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the pre-diffusion phases for high-tech products. These phases last from the first time a technology is mastered and demonstrated up to the start of the large-scale production and diffusion of products based on that technology. The purpose of this chapter is to underline the managerial relevance of the pre-diffusion phases. Two questions will be answered in particular: (1) How long do these pre-diffusion phases last for high-tech products? (2) Have these phases shortened or not over the last 150 years? Fifty-three cases of high-tech products, invented between 1837 and 1998, are investigated. The pre-diffusion phases are shown to last 16 years on average, but their length varies considerably per case. No proof for the shortening of these phases over time is found. The resources devoted to research and development in different fields of expertise may have increased but the length of the pre-diffusion phases has not shortened accordingly.

Capitalization of In‐Process Research and Development under SFAS 141R and Information Asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 2379-2407
Author(s):  
Hyeesoo (Sally) H. Chung ◽  
Stephen A. Hillegeist ◽  
You‐Il (Chris) Park ◽  
Jinyoung P. Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Process Research

The industrialization of translation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 143-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiran J. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Uncertainty ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Service Business ◽  
Price Pressure ◽  
Development Of Expertise ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Much has written by scholars on translation as product and as process, but relatively little attention has been paid to translation as a commercial service, business or industry. This article proposes a modest step in this direction by using microeconomics as a window through which to examine the industrialization of translation, focusing on causes, consequences and challenges. It begins by analyzing the outsourcing of translation and translation-related services. It then considers consequences of large-scale outsourcing, including quality uncertainty, information asymmetry, adverse selection, price pressure and perceived commoditization. Finally, the article explores challenges posed by these developments, including signaling and screening, the productivity imperative and the development of expertise. The article concludes with an overview of potential areas of research to be explored in this track in future issues.

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