The Development of Prostate Palpation Skills Through Simulation Training May Impact Early Detection of Prostate Abnormalities and Early Management

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Gerling
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Early Management

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eleazar Ndabarora ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽  
Védaste Ngirinshuti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis and its correlation with serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels among thalassemia major patients in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Pustika Amalia Wahidiyat ◽  
Felix Liauw ◽  
Nitish Basant Adnani ◽  
Siti Ayu Putriasih
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Thalassemia major patients who undergo routine transfusion have an increased risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI), including hepatitis B and C. These diseases have serious implications and may affect the serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels of thalassemia major patients.Objectives To identify the prevalence of hepatitis B and/or C infections among thalassemia major patients and to evaluate its correlation with serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels.Methods This was across-sectional study conducted at the Thalassemia Center of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The subjects were screened for hepatitis B and C infections, and their serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels were also measured.Results In total, 621 subjects were included in the study, among which 5 subjects tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (0.8%), 111 subjects tested positive for anti-HCV (17.8%), and 5 subjects tested positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV (0.8%). The subjects who tested positive for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or both showed significantly higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum ferritin compared to their negative counterparts. Moreover, serum ferritin showed a positive, moderate correlation with both AST and ALT.Conclusion This study shows a significant association between hepatitis and serum ferritin as well as aminotransferase levels. Early detection and early management of hepatitis B and C infections is warranted to minimize the occurrence of liver damage in thalassemia major patients. 

scholarly journals Fibrin Monomer in Chronic HCV ‎Cirrhotic Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
B. B. CH. Eman Ram ◽  
M. A. M. D. Sherief ◽  
S. M‎. Wesam ◽  
K. Z. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Background: Cirrhosis is a diffuse pathophysiological state of the liver that is thought to be the final stage of various liver injuries. It is characterized by chronic necroinflammatory and fibrogenetic processes, which result in the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules, dense fibrotic septa, concomitant parenchymal exaustment, and liver tissue collapse. Aim of this Work is to study fibrin monomer in chronic HCV patients with and without portal hypertension aiming to investigate its value in these patients and if it aides in early detection of thrombus formation.‎ Patients and Methods: They were fifty chronic HCV cirrhotic patients with and ‎without portal hypertension. Patients of these study were selected from Tropical and internal medicine departments and investigated at Clinical Pathology department in Tanta University hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University during the period from July 2018 to January 2020. Results: The individuals included in this study were comprised as: Group 1: Twenty-five healthy volunteers (matched for age and gender) were investigated as a control group. Group 2: Twenty-five diagnosed cirrhotic patients without portal hypertension. Group 3: Twenty-five diagnosed cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. The result of the present study was statistically analyzed, summarized and presented in tables. Conclusion: It may be concluded that soluble fibrin monomer complex could represent a useful marker ‎for early detection of thrombus generation in chronic HCV cirrhotic patients. It may enable ‎us to pick up vulnerable patients in early stages to start early management.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity in pediatric cancer patients: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo’mena Abdel Aziz Abdou ◽  
Hassan Ali El Kiki ◽  
Youssef Madney ◽  
Ayda Aly Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Cancer is the second most common cause of death among children aged 1–14 years in the USA. Pediatric malignancies have elevated morbidity and mortality in the absence of proper treatment. Intensive treatment regimens have resulted in a significant increase in the number of survivors but also have been associated with the risk of developing neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the role of advanced MRI techniques in the early detection of different chemotherapy neurotoxicities and make radiologists aware of them providing early management to prevent permanent damage. Results We evaluated 63 patients (43 males and 20 females), and their ages ranged from (2 to 17 years) with suspected chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity. MR examinations were performed with 1.5-T Philips systems. Clinical data were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different treatment complications were diagnosed. All of our 63 patients were receiving chemotherapy treatment, and they developed different neurological symptoms. Patients diagnosed as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were 41 with 8 patients had typical and 33 had atypical criteria, 16 patients diagnosed as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) are the most important sequence that successfully diagnosed them, and finally, 6 patients diagnosed as methotrexate neurotoxicity with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) are the most important sequence for early diagnosis. Conclusion Chemotherapy is associated with certain neurotoxicities, conventional MRI can detect them, but by the use of advanced MRI techniques including MRV and DWI early detection of these neurotoxicities can occur. Therefore, the combination of conventional MRI together with advanced techniques improves the diagnostic efficacy of MRI in the early diagnosis of neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals IMARI: multi-Interventional program for prevention and early Management of Anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection in Rectal cancer patIents: rationale and study protocol

BMC Surgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Slooter ◽  
◽  
K. Talboom ◽  
S. Sharabiany ◽  
C. P. M. van Helsdingen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Low Anterior Resection ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Fluorescence Angiography ◽  
Early Management ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Anastomotic leakage (AL) is still a common and feared complication after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. The multifactorial pathophysiology of AL and lack of standardised treatment options requires a multi-modal approach to improve long-term anastomotic integrity. The objective of the IMARI-trial is to determine whether the one-year anastomotic integrity rate in patients undergoing LAR for rectal cancer can be improved using a multi-interventional program. Methods IMARI is a multicentre prospective clinical effectiveness trial, whereby current local practice (control cohort) will be evaluated, and subsequently compared to results after implementation of the multi-interventional program (intervention cohort). Patients undergoing LAR for rectal cancer will be included. The multi-interventional program includes three preventive interventions (mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics, tailored full splenic flexure mobilization and intraoperative fluorescence angiography using indocyanine green) combined with a standardised pathway for early detection and active management of AL. The primary outcome is anastomotic integrity, confirmed by CT-scan at one year postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include incidence of AL, protocol compliance and association with AL, temporary and permanent stoma rate, reintervention rate, quality of life and functional outcome. Microbiome analysis will be conducted to investigate the role of the rectal microbiome in AL. In a Dutch nationwide study, the AL rate was 20%, with anastomotic integrity of 90% after one year. Based on an expected reduction of AL due to the preventive approaches of 50%, and increase of anastomotic integrity by a standardised pathway for early detection and active management of AL, we hypothesised that the anastomotic integrity rate will increase from 90 to 97% at one year. An improvement of 7% in anastomotic integrity at one year was considered clinically relevant. A total number of 488 patients (244 per cohort) are needed to detect this difference, with 80% statistical power. Discussion The IMARI-trial is designed to evaluate whether a multi-interventional program can improve long-term anastomotic integrity after rectal cancer surgery. The uniqueness of IMARI lies in the multi-modal design that addresses the multifactorial pathophysiology for prevention, and a standardised pathway for early detection and active treatment of AL. Trial registration Trialregister.nl (NL8261), January 2020.

scholarly journals Role of magnetic resonance imaging in characterization of central nervous system lesions in pediatric patients with leukemia and post-treatment complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Amer ◽  
Ahmed F. Youssef ◽  
Marwa A. Romeih ◽  
Ayda A. Youssef ◽  
Hamada M. Khater
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Abstract Background Leukemia is one of the most common fatal diseases in pediatric oncology. Recently, advances in drug therapy have improved the prognosis of acute leukemia with event-free survival of up to 60%; however, complications and adverse effects of the disease and anti-leukemic treatment have also increased. The CNS complications of leukemia can be classified into those that developed directly or indirectly from the underlying leukemic process and those that can be related to antileukemic therapy. MRI had improved early detection of CNS complications and proper management. The study aims to characterize the MRI findings caused by the leukemic involvement of CNS structures and treatment-associated CNS complications and assess its value in early management and avoidance of long-term side effects. Results The patient’s age ranged from 2 to 18 years with different types of leukemia classified regarding the time of presentation as pretreatment, during treatment phases, and post-treatment. Different MRI abnormalities were recorded and clinically correlated. Conclusion The neurological complications of leukemia have common presenting symptoms but varying imaging abnormalities. To reach the correct diagnosis, the presenting signs, symptoms, and laboratory data must be considered along with the radiologic findings. A diagnostic algorithm using conventional, post-contrast MRI, MR venography, along with diffusion-weighted MRI was of great value in early detection and differentiation of different CNS lesions detected in pediatric patients with leukemia and post-treatment CNS complications.

Eating Disorders in Athletes

2017 ◽  
pp. 384-406
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Plateau ◽  
Jon Arcelus
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Aesthetic Sports

Eating disorders are highly prevalent among athletes and particularly among competitors in sports in which weight is integral to performance (e.g., aesthetic sports such as dancing and endurance sports such as distance running). Early management of mild eating disorders and disordered eating in athletes may be the most effective way of preventing the development of severe eating disorders. However, the early detection and treatment of eating disorders in this population carries some unique challenges, which are discussed in this chapter. Because the presentation of eating disorders among athletes and dancers can differ from the norm, modified treatments may be required. Currently, there is a lack of research exploring the efficacy of evidence-based treatment approaches within the athletic population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis and its correlation with serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels among thalassemia major patients in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Pustika Amalia Wahidiyat ◽  
Felix Liauw ◽  
Nitish Basant Adnani ◽  
Siti Ayu Putriasih
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Thalassemia major patients who undergo routine transfusion have an increased risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI), including hepatitis B and C. These diseases have serious implications and may affect the serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels of thalassemia major patients.Objectives To identify the prevalence of hepatitis B and/or C infections among thalassemia major patients and to evaluate its correlation with serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels.Methods This was across-sectional study conducted at the Thalassemia Center of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The subjects were screened for hepatitis B and C infections, and their serum ferritin and aminotransferase levels were also measured.Results In total, 621 subjects were included in the study, among which 5 subjects tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (0.8%), 111 subjects tested positive for anti-HCV (17.8%), and 5 subjects tested positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV (0.8%). The subjects who tested positive for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or both showed significantly higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum ferritin compared to their negative counterparts. Moreover, serum ferritin showed a positive, moderate correlation with both AST and ALT.Conclusion This study shows a significant association between hepatitis and serum ferritin as well as aminotransferase levels. Early detection and early management of hepatitis B and C infections is warranted to minimize the occurrence of liver damage in thalassemia major patients. 

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