scholarly journals Phytopathogenic micromycetes associated with conifers in Middle Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
В.А. Сенашова ◽  
Е.А. Шилкина ◽  
И.Е. Сафронова
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Middle Siberia ◽  
Long Term Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Micromycetes

Микроорганизмы, ассоциированные с растениями, в том числе хвойными, играют важную роль в их жизни, формируя микробные сообщества филлосферы, ризопланы и ризосферы. Условно состав таких комплексов можно разделить на патогенную и сапротрофную части. Знание видового разнообразия патогенов, вызывающих заболевания сеянцев и саженцев хвойных, крайне необходимо специалистам сферы лесовозобновления для коррекции агротехнических мероприятий и контроля качества посадочного материала. Цель данных исследований - изучение видового разнообразия патогенных микромицетов хвойных на территории Средней Сибири как в искусственных, так и естественных насаждениях. Применялись классические и современные методы идентификации патогенов. Приводятся данные по видовому составу патогенных микромицетов хвойных за последние 10 лет. Многолетние исследования видового разнообразия микромицетов хвойных на территории Средней Сибири выявили представителей 36 родов, относящихся к различным систематическим группам: Lophodermium Chevall., Lophodermella Höhn., Cyclaneusma DiCosmo, Peredo et Minte, Gremmenia Korf., Hypodermella Tubeuf, Lirula Darker, Sarea Fr., Herpotrichia Fucke, Gremmeniella M. Morelet, Coleosporium Lév., Chrysomyxa Unger, Melampsora Castagne, Melampsorella J. Schröt., Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth., Cronartium Fr., Typhula (Pers.) Fr., Mucor Fresen., Rhizosphaera L. Mangin et Har, Pestalotia De Not., Sclerophoma Höhn. (телеоморфа - Sydowia Bres.), Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (= Hendersonia Berk.), Lecanosticta Syd., Dothistroma Hulbary, Fusarium Link, Meria Vuill. (телеоморфа - Rhabdocline Syd.), Phoma Sacc., Didymella Sacc., Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Link, Rhizoctonia DC., Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers., Septorioides Quaedvl., Verkley et Crous, Epicoccum Link, Trichothecium Link., Verticillium Nees., Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. (телеоморфа - Neonectria Wollenw). Идентифицированные патогены вызывают преждевременную гибель ассимиляционного аппарата, нарушают деятельность корневой и проводящих систем, снижают качество семян хвойных растений. Microorganisms associated with plants, including conifers, play an important role in their life, forming microbial communities of the phyllosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere. Conventionally, the composition of such complexes can be divided into pathogenic and saprotrophic parts. For specialists involved in reforestation, the knowledge of the species diversity of pathogens that cause diseases of seedlings of conifers is essential for correcting agrotechnical measures and controlling the quality of planting material. The goal of this research is to study the species diversity of pathogenic micromycetes of conifers in the Middle Siberia territory, both in artificial and natural plantings. Such long-term studies found representatives of 36 genera belonging to different taxonomic groups: Lophodermium Chevall., Lophodermella Höhn., Cyclaneusma DiCosmo, Peredo et Minte, Gremmenia Korf., Hypodermella Tubeuf, Lirula Darker, Sarea Fr., Herpotrichia Fucke , Gremmeniella M. Morelet, Coleosporium Lév., Chrysomyxa Unger, Melampsora Castagne, Melampsorella J. Schröt., Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth., Cronartium Fr., Typhula (Pers.) Fr., Mucor Fresen., Rhizosphaera L. Mangin et Har, Pestalotia De Not., Sclerophoma Höhn. (teleomorph - Sydowia Bres.), Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (= Hendersonia Berk.), Lecanosticta Syd., Dothistroma Hulbary, Meria Vuill.( teleomorph- Rhabdocline Syd.), Phoma Sacc., Didymella Sacc., Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Link, Rhizoctonia DC., Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers., Septorioides Quaedvl., Verkley et Crous, Epicoccum Link, Trichothecium Link., Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. (teleomorph - Neonectria Wollenw). The identified pathogens cause premature death of the assimilation apparatus, disrupt the activity of the root and vascular systems, and reduce the quality of coniferous plants seeds.

scholarly journals Studies on the Occurrence of Viruses in Planting Material of Grapevines in Southwestern Germany

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Noemi Messmer ◽  
Patricia Bohnert ◽  
Stefan Schumacher ◽  
René Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus ◽  
Propagation Material

Viral diseases in viticulture lead to annual losses in the quantity and quality of grape production. Since no direct control measures are available in practice, preventive measures are taken to keep the vines healthy. These include, for example, the testing of propagation material for viruses such as Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) or Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and 3 (GLRaV-3). As long-term investigations have shown, GLRaV-1 (2.1%) occurs most frequently in southwestern German wine-growing regions, whereas GLRaV-3 (<0.1%) is almost never found. However, tests conducted over 12 years indicate that there is no general decline in virus-infected planting material. Thus, it can be assumed that a spread of the viruses via corresponding vectors still takes place unhindered. Beyond the examinations regulated within the German Wine Growing Ordinance, one-time tests were carried out on Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This analysis showed that GPGV was found in 17.2% of the samples.

scholarly journals Correction of Iron Deficiency in the Cardiorenal Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Silverberg ◽  
Dov Wexler ◽  
Adrian Iaina ◽  
Doron Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Impaired Energy Metabolism ◽  
Long Term Studies

Impaired energy metabolism is a feature of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Iron deficiency has been shown to reduce energy production in the cell in animals and humans. Iron deficiency is common in both Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and in CHF. Recent studies suggest that iron deficiency is an independent risk factor for mortality in CHF. Studies of correction of the anemia with intravenous (IV) iron in both CKD and CHF have shown an improvement in the anemia and, in some cases, in the renal function as well. Some CHF studies of correction of the iron deficiency have shown an improvement in cardiac function and structure as well as in exercise capacity and quality of life. This occurred independent of whether or not they had anemia, suggesting that the iron deficiency itself may be independently contributing to the worsening of the CHF and CKD. If future long-term studies confirm the safety and efficacy of IV iron in the treatment of iron deficiency in CKD and CHF, this will become a new addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of the cardiorenal syndrome, and parameters of iron deficiency will become part of the routine measurements performed in both CKD and CHF whether or not the patient is anemic.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of scab-immune apple fruits varieties (Malus domestica B.) as a valuable component of healthy dietary

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Natalia Saveleva ◽  
Nadezhda Borzykh ◽  
Vladislav Chivilev ◽  
Andrey Yushkov ◽  
Aleksander Zemisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Long Term Studies

The article presents an analysis of the biochemical composition of apple varieties (Malus domestica B.) with immunity to scab. Domestic and foreign apple varieties are used as research objects. Variability in fruits in the content of ascorbic acid (AA), soluble solids (SDS), P-active compounds, and titratable acids was noted. The high content of AA is noted in Uspenskoe, Skala, Bylina, Flagman, Yubilyar apple varieties. Long-term studies have revealed intervarietal differences in biochemical composition and variation of this trait over the years in apples. Varieties with valuable biochemical composition and immunity to scab can be used in organic food production, as well as in further breeding work to improve the quality of fruits.

Review of Spirulina/Arthrospira Growth Medium Modifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Agnese Stunda-Zujeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Medium Modifications ◽  
Long Term Studies

Nutrients and their content in growth medium significantly affect the growth rate and quality of biomass. This review summaries the latest studies on microalgae Arthrospira spp. and Spirulina spp. growth media. Most of studied growth media are modified Zarrouk’s medium. Detailly discussed are effects of change in some microelement concentration and sources and salinity or NaCl concentration, however there are still lacking studies on microelement role and long-term studies. It should be highlighted that various species and strains of Arthrospira and Spirulina reacts to growth media composition change very differently. There is no single best growth media formulae for all species and strains of Arthrospira/Spirulina. Recycling for few times is possible but content of biomass changes.

scholarly journals Long term management of obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marin-Oto ◽  
Eugenio E. Vicente ◽  
Jose M. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Management

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a worldwide highly prevalent disease associated with systemic consequences, including excessive sleepiness, impairment of neurocognitive function and daytime performance, including driving ability. The long-term sequelae of OSA include and increase risk for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic syndrome disorders that ultimately lead to premature death if untreated. To ensure optimal long-term outcomes, the assessment and management of OSA should be personalized with the involvement of the appropriate specialist. Most studies have demonstrated inmediate improvement in daytime somnolence and quality of life with CPAP and other therapies, but the effect of long-term treatment on mortality is still under debate. Currently, the long-term management of OSA should be based on a) identifying physiological or structural abnormalities that are treatable at the time of patient evaluation and b) comprehensive lifestyle interventions, especially weight-loss interventions, which are associated with improvements in OSA severity, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and quality of life. In long-term management, attention should be paid to the clinical changes related to a potential reoccurrence of OSA symptoms and it is also necessary to monitor throughout the follow up how the main associated comorbidities evolve.

Long-term studies of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lewander
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryStudies on long-term efficacy and safety should be a main concern in the evaluation of novel antipsychotics. The present paper is a review of important issues related to the design and performance of such trials. The variability of the natural course of schizophrenia, the variability in treatment response, and the variability of actions of different neuroleptics need to be considered. Long-term studies need to address maintenance of efficacy, prevention of relapse and recurrence, health economics, quality of life and a large number of safety issues in order to get approval for new drug applications and reimbursement on expensive new medicines. Assessment instruments for efficacy, tolerability and safety, need to be supplemented with rating scales for various aspects of psychopathology (positive, negative, deficit symptoms), social and work functioning, drug induced mental side effects, quality of life and accounts of total treatment costs.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life after bariatric surgery: a systematic review of prospective long-term studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Roger Andersen ◽  
Anny Aasprang ◽  
Tor-Ivar Karlsen ◽  
Gerd Karin Natvig ◽  
Villy Våge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Term Studies

scholarly journals Assessment of dysphagia in institutionalized older adults and its relationship with nutritional status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Carlos Martínez Romero ◽  
María Alba Pérez Romero
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Town ◽  
Long Term Studies

The aging of the Spanish population, with a life expectancy of eighty-five years for women and eighty years for men, has caused many of these people to develop geriatric syndromes that prevent them from living in a totally independent way, either due to a physical limitation of mobility or functional limitations. Dysphagia is the symptom referring to the difficulty or discomfort that occurs during the passage of the food bolus from the mouth to the stomach. Method: The type of study proposed in this work is a cross-sectional observational study. This study has been carried out in a nursing home located in the town of Huéscar, in the province of Granada. There are currently 90 people who reside in the aforementioned residence and to whom the following inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: The population that meets the inclusion criteria of the study is 31 patients, of which 65% are women and 35% are men, with a mean age of 85.3 years. The sarcopenia test will be performed on the subjects after completing the EAT-10 in the admission consultations and in the successive reviews. Discussion: Prevention, our best weapon. In view of the results obtained, we can affirm that dysphagia is an important health problem in geriatric patients, following the trend of previous studies. In order to quantify the power of prevention in the appearance of dysphagia and its consequences, it is necessary to carry out long-term studies where a case population and a control population are compared and disease results are obtained whether these habits are followed or not. Conclusions: Dysphagia can cause important problems in the nutritional status of patients and the consequences that this entails. This is seen with greater intensity in patients with a high degree of dependence. In our study, obvious worse nutritional states and worse quality of life indices are observed in those patients with associated dysphagia. The use of easily applied tests in institutionalized populations makes it possible to reveal the presence of dysphagia, as well as the risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia. Its implementation in nursing homes is necessary, as a first step to carry out an in-depth study of the nutritional status of the residents.

scholarly journals Cognitive effects of vortioxetine in older adults: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204512532110267
Author(s):  
Makenna M. Bishop ◽  
Danielle R. Fixen ◽  
Sunny A. Linnebur ◽  
Scott M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many older adults experience a deterioration in cognitive function with aging, and this can have a negative impact on quality of life. Late-life depression has been linked to mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and treating depression with an agent that has procognitive effects could be beneficial. Vortioxetine is a novel antidepressant with a multimodal mechanism of action that works primarily via serotonin transporter inhibition, 5-HT1A receptor agonism and 5-HT3 receptor antagonism. A recent systematic review demonstrated procognitive effects of vortioxetine when indirectly compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in adults aged 18–65 years with major depressive disorder. While this systematic review demonstrated promising procognitive effects from vortioxetine, the included studies did not enroll older adults, who are at the highest risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, our systematic review sought to investigate the effects of vortioxetine on cognitive functioning in patients over the age of 65 years. Three studies met the prespecified search criteria and were evaluated. Overall, these preliminary data suggest that vortioxetine has promising effects in improving cognition in older adults with depressive symptoms and may have a place in therapy in older adults with depression and/or cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease. Additional long-term studies that include more diverse populations with comorbidities and direct comparisons with other antidepressants are needed to fully understand the potential cognitive benefits in older adults.

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