scholarly journals Interaction of Management Factors on Dollar Spot Disease Severity in Tall Fescue Turf

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1391-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Brede
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Cutting Height

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivar, seeding rate, N fertilization rate, and cutting height on the severity of dollar spot (Lanzia and Moellerodiscus spp.) disease incidence. All possible two-factor interactions among these four management factors were statistically significant when averaged over the 2 years of study. Disease severity tended to be lowest at low fescue seeding rate (2100 pure-live seeds/m*) at the lower (19 mm) height of cut. `Mustang', the turf-type cultivar with improved density, was more susceptible to dollar spot than `Kentucky-31', the common-type cultivar.

scholarly journals Impact of Mowing Height and Nitrogen Fertility on Crabgrass Cover in ‘RTF' Tall Fescue1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Virginia Beach ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

Abstract Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) has exceptional utility as a low maintenance lawn in the transition zone. However, during the summer smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] infestations can reduce the aesthetic value and function of the turf and lead to a thinning of the tall fescue stand, noticeable after the crabgrass plants have senesced. Research was conducted to evaluate the impact of mowing height and nitrogen fertility on smooth crabgrass plant counts and tall fescue cover in Virginia Beach, VA. Plots were mowed at either 6 cm (2.5 in) or 10 cm (4 in) and received 49, 171, or 220 kg of nitrogen annually per hectare (44, 152, and 196 lb.A−1). Mowing at 10 cm with the highest level of fertility resulted in the most turfgrass cover among all the treatment combinations. Mowing at 10 cm as opposed to 6 cm resulted in less smooth crabgrass plants, regardless of nitrogen fertilization rate. Index words: fertilization, turfgrass, weed control. Species used in this study: Smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.]; tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Shreb. synonym Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub].

The effects of ozone and nitrogen fertilizer on tall fescue, ladino clover, and a fescue–clover mixture. II. Nitrogen content and nitrogen fixation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2159-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben A. Montes ◽  
Udo Blum ◽  
Allen S. Heagle ◽  
Richard J. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
N Dilution Method

The effects of chronic doses of ozone (O3) and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on N content of ladino clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Tillman) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Kentucky 31), and on N fixation by the clover were studied during the 1979 growing season. Plants of the two species were grown (i) in pots separately, (ii) together in open-top field chambers, and (iii) in ambient air plots. Mean 7 h/day (0930–1630 h eastern daylight time) O3 concentrations for the study period were 0.03 ppm in charcoal-filtered air chambers, 0.05 ppm in nonfiltered air chambers, 0.08 ppm in nonfiltered air chambers with O3 added for 7 h/day, and 0.05 ppm in ambient air. Shoot N concentrations (milligrams per gram dry weight) for clover and fescue were not modified by O3 exposures nor by N fertilization. Higher ozone levels led to reduced system N fixation (milligrams N per pot) by clover grown separately or together with fescue. Nitrogen fixation by ladino clover grown with tall fescue was 1.4 times greater than that by the clover grown alone. Nitrogen fixation by clover as estimated by the difference method was approximately 45% lower than N fixation as estimated by the 15N dilution method. Nitrogen fixation estimated by the difference method declined significantly with increasing N fertilization. This was not the case for N fixation estimated by the 15N dilution method.

YIELD RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO ROW SPACING AND RATES OF SEEDING AND N-FERTILIZATION IN INTERIOR ALASKA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. LEWIS ◽  
C. W. KNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
High Precipitation

The effects of row spacings, seeding rates, and N-fertilization rates on yield of Candle, a cultivar of Brassica campestris L., were studied for 2 yr in interior Alaska. Rows were spaced at 18 and 36 cm. Seeding rates were 3, 7 and 13 kg ha−1. Fertilizer N was broadcast at 0, 55, 90, 125, 160 and 195 kg ha−1. Seed yield was not significantly affected by row spacing in either year of the study. Seeding rate did not significantly affect yield in 1978. In 1979, however, an interaction was detected between seeding rate and N-fertilization rate. During this year of abnormally high precipitation, when no N was applied, stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1 produced higher yields than those seeded at higher rates. With an initial N application of 55 kg ha−1, yields decreased from stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1, while yields from those seeded at 7 and 13 kg ha−1 increased. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on yield in both 1978 and 1979. Regression equations from both years (with the exception of that for the 3 kg ha−1 seeding rate in 1979) predicted maximum yields from N applications between 89 and 105 kg ha−1.Key words: Rapeseed, row spacing, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization, yield

GENETIC VARIATION AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) GERMPLASM

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. A. de ARAUJO ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS ◽  
C. WROBEL
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Sixty-seven accessions of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were studied for total genetic variability and phenotypic and genotypic correlations among eight traits. The traits were annual dry matter yield, height, spreading ability, volume, first cut recovery, second cut recovery, incidence of diseases and number of days to heading. Highly significant differences existed among accessions for all characters. The ratios of genetic to phenotypic variances were relatively high in magnitude for most of the traits, except first cut recovery and disease score, indicating that most of the characters were mainly under genetic control. However, the ratios of genotype × year interactions to phenotypic variances were quite large for some characters, particularly second cut recovery. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were obtained between the different characters measured. Genotypic correlations were slightly higher than phenotypic correlations for most of the traits. Annual dry matter yield was significantly and positively correlated, with all traits measured with the exception of disease incidence where this association was negative. Selection for yield using heading date and height as an index may be possible in the development of superior tall fescue cultivars. Certain accessions appeared to have good yielding capacity, being superior to the check cultivar, Alta, in this character. These accessions were also as winterhardy as the check, and thus could prove useful as source material in a breeding program.Key words: Phenotypic correlation, genotypic correlation, genotype × year interactions

scholarly journals Target populations for direct-drilled ryegrass and tall fescue

1995 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
J-P Praat ◽  
W.R. Ritchie ◽  
C.J. Baker ◽  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Alternative Species

Establishment, botanical composition and production of direct-drilled perennial ryegrass and tall fescue were compared for two seeding rates in an autumn-sown, grazed trial. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. AU Triumph) was sown at either 17 or 3 1 kg/ha and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Grasslands Supernui) was sown at 12 and 23 kg/ha on 12 April, 1990 all with "Grasslands Pitau" white clover at 3 kg/ha. Measurements of herbage mass and botanical composition during the ensuing 2-year period showed that there was no advantage in terms of suppression of weed species or accumulation of herbage mass of the sown species from sowing more seed than that required to achieve a population of 450-500 plants/m2 of either ryegrass and tall fescue 6 weeks after sowing. A population of 150 white clover plants/m2 appeared to be adequate for development of a balanced sward. Establishment of fescue was slower than that of ryegrass but both species developed to productive swards after infrequent but close defoliation with dairy cattle in the first spring and subsequent rotational grazing by lactating dairy cows. Pasture establishment in Northland is difficult because of shallow topsoils. Direct drilling can preserve this fragile topsoil and successfully establish alternative species such as fescue as long as attention is paid to their establishment requirements. Alternative species may offer a solution to low feed availability of ryegmss in the summer and poor survival of ryegrass in poorly drained areas during the winter. Keywords: direct drilling, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, pasture establishment, seeding rate

scholarly journals Autonomous Mower Saves Energy and Improves Quality of Tall Fescue Lawn

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Grossi ◽  
Marco Fontanelli ◽  
Elisa Garramone ◽  
Andrea Peruzzi ◽  
Michele Raffaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
N Rates

Battery-powered autonomous mowers are designed to reduce the need of labor for lawn mowing compared with traditional endothermic engine mowers and at the same time to abate local emissions and noise. The aim of this research was to compare autonomous mower with traditional rotary mower on a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) lawn under different nitrogen (N) rates. A two-way factor experimental design with three replications was adopted. In the study, four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha−1) and two mowing systems (autonomous mower vs. gasoline-powered walk-behind rotary mower equipped for mulching) were used. As expected, N fertilization increased turf quality. At the end of the trial, the autonomous mower increased turf density (3.2 shoots/cm2) compared with the rotary mower (2.1 shoots/cm2) and decreased average leaf width (2.1 mm) compared with the rotary mower (2.7 mm). Increased density and decreased leaf width with autonomous mowing yielded higher quality turf (7.3) compared with the rotary mower (6.4) and a lower weed incidence (6% and 9% cover for autonomous mower and rotary mower, respectively). Disease incidence and mowing quality were unaffected by the mowing system. The autonomous mower working time was set to 10 hours per day (≈7.8 hours for mowing and 2.2 hours for recharging) for a surface of 1296 m2. The traditional rotary mower working time for the same surface was 1.02 hours per week. The estimated primary energy consumption for autonomous mower was about 4.80 kWh/week compared with 12.60 kWh/week for gasoline-powered rotary mowing. Based on turf quality aspects and energy consumption, the use of autonomous mowers could be a promising alternative to traditional mowers.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Turf-type Tall Fescue Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Watkins ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Patch Disease

Recently, turfgrass breeders have developed many improved turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. Due to the large number of cultivars currently available to turfgrass managers and researchers, we have classified turf-type tall fescue cultivars into six groups based primarily on several morphological measurements. This type of classification is important for turfgrass breeders because many breeding decisions are made based on observations in a spaced-plant nursery. The major objective of this study was to classify tall fescue cultivars and selections based on spaced-plant measurements and to then compare those results with turf performance. A spaced-plant nursery consisting of 36 cultivars and selections was established in September 1998 at Adelphia, N.J. Plant height, panicle length, flag leaf width and length, subtending leaf width and length, and subtending internode length were measured 10 days after anthesis in 1999 and 2000. Additionally, a turf trial was established at North Brunswick, N.J., that included the same 36 cultivars and selections. The turf plots were evaluated for several traits including overall turfgrass quality, density, and susceptibility to brown patch disease. Based on principal component analysis of morphological measurements, along with turf trial data, all cultivars and selections were assigned to one of six groups: forage, early-standard, standard, early semi-dwarf, semi-dwarf, and dwarf. In turf plots, the semi-dwarf, early-semi dwarf, and dwarf groups were the top-performing types in terms of overall turfgrass quality, and the forage and early-standard cultivars had the lowest overall quality ratings. The dwarf types did not perform well under summer stress, especially in terms of brown patch disease incidence. The results of this study suggest that when developing cultivars for higher maintenance situations, turf-type tall fescue breeders should focus on the development of semi-dwarf cultivars.

scholarly journals Planting Technique Matters in Reducing Vinca Disease in Landscapes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004D-1004
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Regina Bracy ◽  
Allen Owings
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot ◽  
Quality Ratings

Annual vinca, Catharanthus roseus, is exceptionally adaptive to the summer heat and the sandy loam or clay soil in the southeastern region and provides season-long blooms once established in landscape plantings. A wide variety of colors, sizes, and applications are available for landscape use. However, diseases such as alternaria leaf spot and phytophthora leaf blight are prevalent in this region in vinca plantings. Effective disease control requires frequent fungicide application that is expensive and may pose negative effects on the environment. Proper planting techniques including date of planting, fertilization rate at planting, and variety selection may improve plant growth, reduce disease severity, and save landscape service business labor in disease management. Plants of three varieties: open-pollinated `Cooler Hot Rose', F1 hybrid `Titan Rose', and trailing variety `Mediterranean Lilac' were planted on 1 Apr. or 1 May in landscape plots. Plants were at the same growth stage at the time of planting and were fertilized with Osmocote 14–14–14 (3 months) at 0, 35, 70, or 140 g·m2. Plant growth index indicates that plant growth increased significantly at increasing fertilization rates; however, plant overall quality ratings were not significantly different among fertilized plants. Disease incidence in July suggests that late planting may reduce alternaria leaf spot in open-pollinated and hybrid upright type vinca. Disease severity in August was more pronounced on trailing vinca and more severe when plants were not fertilized or fertilized with the highest fertilization rate. Tissue analysis indicates that trailing vinca `Mediterranean Lilac' may require less fertilization than upright type.

Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with tall fescue

2009 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Monk ◽  
E. Gerard ◽  
S. Young ◽  
K. Widdup ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a useful alternative to ryegrass in New Zealand pasture but it is slow to establish. Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere can improve plant growth and health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keywords: rhizosphere, endorhiza, auxin, siderophore, P-solubilisation

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document