scholarly journals PREHARVEST CONDITIONS, ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159c-1159
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
William J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Reducing Capacity ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

During the harvest season apples ripen and develop scald resistance. In the Northeast they usually are also exposed to cool temperatures as they mature and ripen. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of cool temperature, light and maturity on the endogenous antioxidants and subsequent scald development in Cortland and Delicious apples. Total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity in apple peel at harvest generally increased as scald incidence after storage decreased. Yet, α tocopherol, ascorbic acid and total water-soluble reducing capacity were not closely related to scald development. The absence of light (bagged fruit) decreased all measured antioxidants and increased scald development. However, ethephon applied in mid-August to induce ripening increased the levels of these antioxidants but had little effect on scald incidence in the absence of cool temperatures (hours <10°C). Cool temperatures, which decreased scald susceptibility, increased lipid-soluble antioxidant activity but had little influence on the other measured antioxidants. These data suggest that the endogenous antioxidants may be only partly responsible for natural scald resistance.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146f-1146
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
W. J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Superficial scald development on apples is related to preharvest environmental conditions, perhaps through effects on endogenous antioxidant concentrations In 1989 we examined effects of maturity, light, and preharvest temperatures (< 10°C) on endogenous antioxidant levels in the fruit at harvest and on scald development after long-term storage in 0°C air. Cortland apple trees were sprayed with 500 ppm ethephon 1 month before normal harvest to create maturity differences. Fruit on other Cortland trees were bagged 1 month prior to harvest to reduce light interception. Samples also were harvested from other Cortland trees after exposures to different numbers of hours < 10°C, Hours < 10°C before harvest were negatively correlated to scald development. Ethephon treatment decreased scald incidence, and bagging increased it, The total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity increased with increasing hours < 10°C and with ethephon treatment, while bagging of fruit slightly decreased this antioxidant activity. To better understand the relationships between preharvest factors and antioxidant levels, individual antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, α tocopherol, anthocyanins and glutathione, are being analyzed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146F-1146
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
W. J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Superficial scald development on apples is related to preharvest environmental conditions, perhaps through effects on endogenous antioxidant concentrations In 1989 we examined effects of maturity, light, and preharvest temperatures (< 10°C) on endogenous antioxidant levels in the fruit at harvest and on scald development after long-term storage in 0°C air. Cortland apple trees were sprayed with 500 ppm ethephon 1 month before normal harvest to create maturity differences. Fruit on other Cortland trees were bagged 1 month prior to harvest to reduce light interception. Samples also were harvested from other Cortland trees after exposures to different numbers of hours < 10°C, Hours < 10°C before harvest were negatively correlated to scald development. Ethephon treatment decreased scald incidence, and bagging increased it, The total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity increased with increasing hours < 10°C and with ethephon treatment, while bagging of fruit slightly decreased this antioxidant activity. To better understand the relationships between preharvest factors and antioxidant levels, individual antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, α tocopherol, anthocyanins and glutathione, are being analyzed.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Antioxidants in Apple Peel as Related to Preharvest Factors and Superficial Scald Susceptibility of the Fruit

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
William J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Conjugated Trienes

Antioxidants are believed to protect against the oxidation of α-farnesene to conjugated trienes in apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) peel, thus providing resistance against superficial scald development. We conducted three experiments in which apples were a) harvested weekly, during which they were exposed to increasing hours at <10C during ripening; b) induced to ripen with no hours at <10C by applying ethephon; and c) enclosed in paper bags as they ripened. Inducing ripening with ethephon increased total water-soluble reducing compounds and percentage inhibition of lipid oxidation of peel extracts, increased concentrations of α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid in peel, but only slightly reduced scald. Delayed harvests increased all of these antioxidants except ascorbic acid and greatly reduced scald development. Bagging fruit before ripening decreased α-tocopherol, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid concentrations, decreased total water-soluble reducing compounds, and increased scald development. We conclude that changes in these antioxidants probably are affected more by ripening and light intensity than by low temperature before harvest. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Formulation of Ethyl Cellulose Microparticles Incorporated Pheophytin A Isolated from Suaeda vermiculata for Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Maha A. Aldubayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: This study is designed to discover a method for delivering an efficient potent pheophytin a (pheo-a) into more absorbed and small polymeric ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles. Methods: Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns were used to isolate pheo-a from the chloroform extract of the edible plant, Suaeda vermiculata. Pheo-a was incorporated into EC microparticles using emulsion-solvent techniques. The antioxidant activity of pheo-a microparticles was confirmed by the level of superoxide radical (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and reducing power (RP) methods. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic effect of the product was investigated on MCF-7 cells using MTT assay. Results: Pheo-a was isolated from S. vermiculata in a 12% concentration of the total chloroform extract. The structures were confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis. The formulated microparticles were uniform, completely dispersed in the aqueous media, compatible as ingredients, and had a mean diameter of 139 ± 1.56 µm as measured by a particle size analyzer. Pheo-a demonstrated a valuable antioxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The IC50 values of pheo-a microparticles were 200.5 and 137.7 µg/mL for SOD, and NO respectively. The reducing power of pheo-a microparticles was more potent than ascorbic acid and had a 4.2 µg/mL for IC50 value. Pheo-a microparticles did not show notable cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 35.9 µg/mL) compared with doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.2 µg/mL). Conclusions: the results showed that water-soluble pheo-a microparticles were prepared with a valuable antioxidant activity in a wide range of concentrations with a noteworthy cytotoxic effect.

Antioxidant Properties of Cashew Apple Wine (CAW)

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1645-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Ping Zhong ◽  
Yong Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Reducing Capacity

In this study, total polyphenols content (TPC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC) in CAW were quantified. Total antioxidant activity, reducing capacity, and free radical scavenging activity of CAW were assayed. The TPC and AAC were 160 mg GAE /100ml and 132 mg/100 ml，respectivity. CAW exhibited effective antioxidant activities in the employed in vitro experiments, including total antioxidant activity, reducing capacity, and free radical scavenging activity, which indicates that phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid may play a key role in the antioxidant function of CAW.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of a edible, medicinally important plant taxa Mollugo pentaphylla L. (Molluginaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 4707
Author(s):  
Debasree Ghosh ◽  
Prarthita Samanta ◽  
Amal Kumar Mondal* ◽  
Sanjukta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Mollugo pentaphylla L. is a medicinally important plants in India. Many rural peoples are consumed this plants as a food mainly leaf and stem portion. But the other parts like stem and root of this plant is also has a great medicinal value. The objective of the present study to evaluate the identification of phytochemical constituents that are present on this plants. In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, polyphenols, carotenoid, ascorbic acid, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, glycosides, volatile oil etc. Besides this, these plants also have antioxidant potential in high concentration.

scholarly journals High dietary vitamin C intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression and measures of oxidative stress in vitamin C-deficient senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusei Uchio ◽  
Yoshitaka Hirose ◽  
Shinji Murosaki ◽  
Akihito Ishigami
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Marker Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid

AbstractVitamin C (VC) is a vital micronutrient for humans and some other mammals and also has antioxidant activity. Stress-induced elevation of glucocorticoid production is well known to cause immunosuppression. The present study evaluated the effect of high VC intake on glucocorticoid-induced immune changes in mice. Senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice with genetic VC deficiency were fed a diet containing the recommended VC content (20 mg/kg per d; 0·02 %VC group) or a high VC content (200 mg/kg per d; 0·2 %VC group) for 2 months, then dexamethasone was given by intraperitoneal injection. After administration of dexamethasone, the plasma ascorbic acid concentration decreased significantly in the 0·02 %VC group and was unchanged in wild-type C57BL/6 mice on a VC-deficient diet (wild-type group), while it was significantly higher in the 0·2 %VC group compared with the other two groups. In the 0·02 %VC and wild-type groups, dexamethasone caused a significant decrease in the cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells among splenocytes as well as a significant decrease in IL-2, IL-12p40 and interferon-γ protein production by splenocytes and a significant decrease in T-cell proliferation among splenocytes. In the 0·2 %VC group, these dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression improved when compared with the other two groups. In addition, reduction in the intracellular levels of ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and glutathione in splenocytes by dexamethasone as well as elevation in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly suppressed in the 0·2 %VC group. These findings suggest that high dietary VC intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced T-cell dysfunction by maintaining intracellular antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties, γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Tomato Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Shimeles Tilahun ◽  
Han-Ryul Choi ◽  
Min-Woo Baek ◽  
Lee-Hee Cheol ◽  
Ki-Wung Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Β Carotene

Tomatoes are rich in secondary metabolites such as lycopene, β-carotene, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, which are responsible for their antioxidant activates. A high level of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a health-promoting functional compound, was also found to accumulate in tomato fruit. In addition to the internal quality attributes, the acceptance of the tomato fruit by consumers is highly dependent on appearance and taste. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate ‘Tori’, ‘TY VIP’, ‘Mamirio’, and ‘Arya’ tomato cultivars based on their physicochemical characteristics, contents of secondary metabolites, and GABA content. The results have revealed that the tested cultivars were very firm, which renders them the best choice for postharvest distribution of fresh market tomatoes as they resist impacts during harvesting and postharvest operations. Based on total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and Brix acid ratio (BAR) the choice of cultivar could be ‘Mamirio’ > ’Tori’ > ‘TY VIP’ > ‘Arya’. Apart from flavor intensity, ‘Mamirio’ and ’Tori’ also revealed the highest content of ascorbic acid while ‘Mamirio’ and ‘Arya’ had the highest carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene) accumulation. On the other hand, the highest total phenolics content was recorded from ‘TY VIP’ and ‘Arya’. Moreover, the highest total flavonoids and GABA contents were recorded from ‘TY VIP’. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of ‘TY VIP’ was the lowest of all tested cultivars while the highest was recorded from ‘Mamirio’. Taken together, the findings of the present study could suggest that the consumers’ requirements could be better fulfilled by choosing cultivars for the specific target functional compounds. From the tested cultivars, if the target is ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity then ‘Mamirio’ is the best choice. On the other hand, if the target is total phenolics, flavonoids, and GABA then ‘TY VIP’ is the best choice. One could also label ‘Mamirio’ as an ‘antioxidant tomato’ and ‘TY VIP’ as the ‘GABA tomato’.

Chemical composition and cold hardiness of the pith in marrow-stem kale

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Thompson ◽  
J. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Sampling Errors

SUMMARYPercentages of soluble dry matter (S.D.M.), determined in expressed sap from the pith of kale stems by using a hand refractometer, were higher near the vascular bundles than in the centre of the pith and also varied from the top to the base of any one stem. Sampling errors were minimized by taking vertical borings midway between the vascular bundles and the pith centre and by taking two bores per stem (base and top). Inbred lines varied for mean S.D.M. Relative S.D.M. values for two inbred lines were maintained through wet and dry periods in the autumn, and values for fifty-eight inbred lines were significantly correlated in the successive years, one with a dry autumn and the other with a wet.S.D.M. values were positively and significantly correlated with dry-matter percentage (D.M.) of the pith and with total water soluble carbohydrates (W.S.C). Close correlations were also found between S.D.M. and resistance to cold damage, both in the field and in freezing cabinets for inbred lines of marrow-stem kale and for other cultivars of Brassica oleracea. Although there are some exceptions to these correlations, the rapid method for determining S.D.M. should be very useful in screening breeding material for cold resistance. The combination of high percentage digestibility of the dry matter of stems and improved winter-hardiness can be achieved by selecting in addition for low fibre content using penetrometer tests.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bioavailability of tea species

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Pavel Maslennikov ◽  
Mikhail Zorin ◽  
Anna Seregina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Active Substances

In samples of different tea brands the content of biologically active substances (total water-soluble antioxidants content, ascorbic acid, rutin, polyphenols, anthocyanins) was determined. The water-soluble antioxidant biological availability of the studied tea samples was evaluated. Green Tea with Lemon and Ceylon Baikhovi Black Spiced Tea is characterized by similar levels of antioxidant bioavailability. After the consumption of both beverages, there was a definite increase in the content of antioxidants in saliva of individuals with an initially low content of antioxidants. Amaranth Phytotea antioxidants were characterized by low level of bioavailability. The consumption of this beverage did not change the level of antioxidants in saliva, regardless of their initial content.

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