Physiological, Morphological Changes and Storage Root Yield of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] under PEG-Induced Water Stress

Sweetpotato is an important tuberous root crop rich in nutrients such as vitamins and carbohydrates, and can grow well in arid regions with less water consuming crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate the storage root yields, physiological, biochemical and morphological traits in sweetpotato cv. ‘Japanese Yellow’ subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit. At harvest (4 months after planting) the number of storage roots per plant and storage root fresh weight in sweetpotato treated with 5% PEG (-0.54 MPa) in nutrient solution of hydroponic culture declined by 20.0% and 47.4% compared to the control without PEG, respectively. Leaf area and leaf dry weight significantly decreased by 85.6% and 95.3%, respectively when exposed to water deficit stress. Sucrose content (114.7 mg g-1 dry weight; DW) in storage roots of sweetpotato grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions was enriched by 2.2 fold of control (52.5 mg g-1 DW) and was greater than in storage roots derived from soil culture (70.3 mg g-1 DW). Total soluble sugar in the root and storage root tissues was enriched and may play a key role as osmotic adjustment (OA) in PEG-induced water stressed plants. Free proline and sucrose contents were also dominated in the leaf tissues to maintain the leaf osmotic potential in water stressed plants. In addition, chlorophyll degradation, chlorophyll fluorescence diminution and stomatal closure were found in plants grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions, leading to reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and subsequently lesser amounts of glucose and fructose contents in the leaf tissues. Sucrose and free proline in the roots of sweetpotato play a key role as major osmotic adjustment when subjected to PEG-induced water deficit condition. Basic knowledge gained from this research will further be investigated the drought defense mechanism in sweetpotato via osmoregulation system.

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The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9010019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽

Poramate Banterng ◽

Nimitr Vorasoot ◽

Sanun Jogloy ◽

Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weather Data ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Impact ◽

And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

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RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.665f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 665f-665

Author(s):

D. G. Mortley ◽

C. K. Bonsi ◽

W. A. Hill ◽

P. A. Loretan ◽

C. E. Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Number ◽

Storage Root ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Chamber Studies ◽

Growth Chamber Studies ◽

And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

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Sweetpotato Transplant Holding Duration Effects on Plant Survival and Yield

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03808-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 818-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William B. Thompson ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

Sushila Chaudhari ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Plant Stand ◽

And Storage ◽

Lower Plant

Studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the effect of holding durations (HDs) [0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days before planting (DBP)] of ‘Covington’ sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) transplants on plant stand and storage root numbers and yield in production fields. In a second field study, the effect of preplant irrigation (PI) treatments (PI and nonirrigation) were evaluated along with the transplant HD on plant stand, storage root numbers, and yield. Transplants held for 7 DBP did not survive as well as the other treatments (lower plant stands) and had lower no. 1, marketable, and total storage root numbers and yields than other holding treatments. HD of 1 or 3 DBP resulted in higher plant stands, and no. 1, marketable, and total numbers of storage roots and yields than holding for 0, 5, or 7 DBP. This study affirms the importance of soil moisture at and shortly after planting for transplant survival and yield. Holding transplants for 1–3 DBP can improve stand establishment and yields when dry conditions occur either before or soon after planting. However, holding transplants for 7 DBP can result in reduced plant stands and yields when stress/dry conditions occur soon after planting.

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Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium spp. Obtained from Asparagus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-1441 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 1441-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C. Corpas-Hervias ◽

J. M. Melero-Vara ◽

M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽

C. Zurera-Muñoz ◽

M. J. Basallote-Ureba

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Microbial Analysis ◽

And Storage

Microbial analysis of asparagus plants (Asparagus officinalis) obtained from four nurseries in Spain in 2002 to 2003 indicated high frequencies of Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. moniliforme in the rhizomes and storage roots. Out of 201 isolates of Fusarium obtained from nursery crowns and from plants sampled in nine established asparagus fields, the highest frequency of highly pathogenic isolates was observed from samples collected from fields, and included some extremely virulent isolates of F. solani. For isolates of low to moderate virulence, the percentage of those significantly (P = 0.01) associated with root dry weight loss was larger for F. proliferatum (53.8%) than for the other Fusarium species (10.3 to 23.1%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 19 isolates of Fusarium spp. grouped all F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme isolates together and, in a second cluster, five of the eight isolates of F. oxysporum. Asparagus cultivars Verde-Morado and Dariana were the least susceptible of 11 cultivars commonly grown in Spain; isolates of F. solani and F. moniliforme proved highly virulent; and a significant interaction was observed among pathogen isolates and asparagus cultivars when representative pathogenic isolates of F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. solani were tested on those cultivars. Larger reductions in root dry weight were associated with F. proliferatum and F. solani than with F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme, and differences in root and stem dry weights among cultivars were significant.

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GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.731c ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 731c-731

Author(s):

Pauline P. David ◽

Audrey A. Trotman ◽

Desmond G. Mortley

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Production ◽

Component Part ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

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Yield, Quality and Physiological Traits of Red Beet Under Different Magnesium Nutrition and Light Intensity Levels

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Sara D’Egidio ◽

Angelica Galieni ◽

Fabio Stagnari ◽

Giancarlo Pagnani ◽

Michele Pisante

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Light Reduction ◽

Red Beet ◽

Application Rates ◽

And Storage

The effects of light intensity and Magnesium (Mg) supply on quality traits, yield and macronutrient assimilation of red beet plants were studied in two greenhouse experiments (in 2017 and 2018). According to a split-plot design, we compared two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels (100% PAR, Full Light, FL and 50% PAR, Light Reduction, LR) as the main factor and three Mg application rates (0, 30, and 60 kg Mg ha−1: MG_0, MG_30 and MG_60, respectively) as the secondary factor. Yield and dry matter accumulations were principally affected by Mg. In both growing seasons, storage root dry weight (DW) increased about 5-fold in MG_60 with respect to MG_0; the highest leaves DW was achieved with the “LR × MG_60” treatment. Nitrogen and Mg contents in leaves and storage roots increased as Mg availability increased; also, the highest chlorophyll content was obtained combining LR and a high Mg rate. Moreover, the reflectance-derivative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI670) and Chlorophyll Index (CI) allowed for discriminating the Mg sub-optimal supply in red beet plants. Sucrose was found to be the most abundant sugar in both the leaves and storage organs and was affected by Mg supply. Total phenolic content and betalains in storage roots at harvest were affected by both PAR and Mg application rates. Our results highlight the potential of Mg nutrition in ensuring good yield and quality of red beet crops.

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Effects of Halosulfuron POST on Sweetpotato Yield and Storage Root Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00175.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 113-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter J. Dittmar ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

And Storage ◽

External Injury ◽

Root Quality

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron at 0, 13, 26, 39 or 52 g ha−1 applied 10, 22, and 31 d after planting (DAP) on ‘Beauregard' and ‘Covington' sweetpotato. Storage roots were harvested, graded, cured, and stored in controlled environment for 2 mo. Where injury on storage roots was observed, external injury occurred on the surface of the storage root as a blackened area with blistering and internal injury consisted of small red-brown spots inside the sweetpotato storage root. Total yield of sweetpotato with 13 g ha−1 halosulfuron treatment (155,157 kg ha−1) was similar to the nontreated check (162,002 kg ha−1). However, halosulfuron rates above 13 g ha−1 resulted in a reduction of marketable grade roots and total yield of sweetpotato. Regardless of rate and timing of halosulfuron, external and internal injury to Beauregard storage roots was less than 6 and 9%, respectively. No external injury to Covington was observed from all rates of halosulfuron applied POST at 10 DAP. Halosulfuron at 22 DAP to Covington caused greater external injury to storage roots than was observed on the nontreated. Thus, Beauregard appears more tolerant to halosulfuron POST than Covington. To minimize internal or external injury to storage roots of Covington, halosulfuron must be applied within 10 DAP.

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Pemberian Biochar Jengkok Tembakau untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Ubijalar pada Lahan Kering Sub-Optimal

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.33230/jlso.8.1.2019.284 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Edyson Indawan ◽

Sri Umi Lestari ◽

Nurita Thiasari

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Root Weight ◽

Storage Root ◽

Dry Land ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Root Numbers ◽

And Storage ◽

Increase Crop Yield

Indawan et al, 2019. Increasing Sweet Potato Yield on Biochar Amendment Application on Sub-Optimal Dry Land. JLSO 8(1):47-56. Biochar is a soil amendment that can improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and can reduce contamination. This study aim to evaluate the sweet potato response to biochar application from tobacco industry waste. The combination of cultivar and dose of biochar implemented using a Split Plot Experiment Design with three replications. The cultivars placed 0n main plots and biochar doses on sub-plots. The thirteen cultivars covering 7 varieties (Kuningan Putih, Beta 1, Beta 2, Kuningan Merah, Sari, Boko, and Jago) plus six accession from Unitri and Brawijaya University collections (BIS OP-61-OP-22 , 73-6 / 2, 73 OP-8, BIS OP-61, 73 OP-5, and BIS OP-61-♀-29). The biochar dose used was B0 (0 t / ha) and B1 (5 t / ha). The experimental unit is measuring 5 m x 0.6 m, consisting of single row and planted with a spacing of 25 cm in row or 20 cuttings/row). The storage root numbers, storage root weight, % dry matter, Harvest Index (HI) and yields estimation are ditermined. The results showed that sweet potato cultivars gave a significant response to biochar application on fresh storage root weight, dry storage root weight, biomass dry weight, HI and storage root yields, but no interaction between cultivars and biochar doses. Storage root yield range of 8 - 21 t / ha without biochar and 10 - 23 t / ha with biochar 5 t / ha, except for Beta 1 and Boko. The use of biochar of 5 t / ha can increase storage root yields ranging from 8 - 45%.

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Cold Acclimation Attributes of Two Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Patterns of Fern Senescence

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.136.3.177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 177-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Erik J. Landry ◽

David J. Wolyn

Keyword(s):

Cold Acclimation ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

And Storage

Adequate winterhardiness is crucial for yield stability of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars in southern Ontario, Canada, and could be influenced by pattern of the fall fern senescence. Fern of cultivar Guelph Millennium (GM) turns yellow or senesces by mid-October, before that of cultivar Jersey Giant (JG), which often remains green until a killing frost. Early fern senescence could be a signal for cold acclimation competency and consequently winterhardiness, explaining the superior stand longevity and yield observed for GM compared with JG. A field experiment was conducted from mid-August to November to measure physiological parameters related to cold acclimation in fern, rhizome, and storage roots. During fall, fern chlorophyll concentration, rhizome nitrogen concentration, percent water of the crown, and storage root LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell death occurs) decreased. Cultivars did not differ for storage root percent water; however, values were smaller (greater dehydration) for GM than JG in the rhizome. At the end of the sampling period, GM had higher and lower concentrations of rhizome low-molecular-weight, non-structural carbohydrates and sucrose, respectively, than JG, which could support a hypothesis of greater winterhardiness in GM. Storage root LT50 values of –19 °C and the lack of cultivar differences for this trait, in conjunction with differences between GM and JG for rhizome traits thought to be important for freezing tolerance, suggest characteristics of the rhizome in conjunction with timing of fern senescence may be important in cold acclimation of asparagus.

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405 Glycinebetaine Accumulation in Red Beet under Salinity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.513e ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 513E-513

Author(s):

Guntur V. Subbarao ◽

Raymond M. Wheeler ◽

L.H. Levine ◽

Gary W. Stutte

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Adjustment ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Red Beet ◽

Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽

Sodium Toxicity ◽

Relative Water ◽

The Mean ◽

External Salinity

Accumulation of glycinebetaine occurs in Chenopodiaceae members and is thought to assist in osmotic adjustment and protect cytoplasm from sodium toxicity. Red beet has an ability to tolerate high tissue sodium levels, which may result in increased glycinebetaine production. To test this hypothesis, two cultivars of red beet ['Scarlet Supreme' (SS) and `Ruby Queen' (RQ)] were grown under nonsaline (4.75 mM Na) and saline (54.75 mM Na) conditions in a recirculating hydroponic system for 42 days at elevated CO2 (1200 μmol•mol-1) in a growth chamber. Leaf glycinebetaine level, relative water content, and osmotic potential were measured at weekly intervals. Leaf glycinebetaine levels increased with plant age and reached a maximum of 67 μmol•g-1 dw under nonsaline and 101 μmol•g-1 dry weight (dw) under saline conditions at 42 days in SS; in RQ, the glycinebetaine levels reached a maximum of 91 μmol•g-1 dw under nonsaline and 121 μmol•g-1 dw under saline conditions by 26 days. The mean glycinebetaine levels were increased over two-thirds under saline conditions in both the cultivars. RQ accumulated significantly higher (37% more under nonsaline, and 46% more under salinity) glycinebetaine than SS. The turgid leaf osmotic potential of RQ was consistently higher than SS under nonsaline (2.23 MPa in RQ vs. 1.82 MPa in SS) and saline (2.48 MPa in RQ vs. 2.02 MPa in SS) conditions. The results indicate that higher glycinebetaine levels in the leaf could result in better osmotic adjustment, and glycinebetaine accumulation in red beet can vary among cultivars and is strongly affected by external salinity.

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