ENHANCING HOT PEPPER PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION IN MISSISSIPPI.

Two field experiments were used to determine the yield potential of 'Long Pod' cayenne hot peppers due to foliar application of 528 ppm each of chlormequat chloride. ethephon, and ancymidol. Applications were either made at bud formation, fruit development or fruit ripening periods. At last harvest, samples of marketable red-ripe fruits from the border rows of both 'Long Pod' cayenne and “Oriental-l” hot pepper plots were used for hot pepper sauce formulations. Two sets of 32 panelists each, were used to evaluate both the newly formulated experimental (ICES-1 and EHS-2) and commercial (CHS-1 and CHS-2) hot peppers sauces for quality. In 1990, marketable yield was highest due to chlormequat chloride. and for application made at fruit ripening. In 1991, marketable yield was highest due to ancymidol application, and for application made at fruit ripening. Mean sensory scores for hot sauce appearance, flavor and texture were generally highest for experimental hot sauces, whereas pungency scores were highest due to “CHS-1” commercial hot sauce.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Hot Pepper Cultivars Grown on Guam

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.859e ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 859E-860

Author(s):

Glenn Takai* ◽

Mari Marutani

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Consumer Preference ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Mariana Islands ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Local Cultivars ◽

Local Cultivar ◽

Hot Peppers

Hot peppers (Capsicum sp.) were introduced to Guam and other Mariana Islands and became a “necessary” ingredient of local cuisine. Seven hot pepper accessions, including four local cultivars, were grown in calcareous soils on Guam and evaluated for total yield, marketable yield, the number of fruit, and weight of fruit. `Hot Beauty', a Taiwan cultivar, produced the highest total and marketable yields. `Group Zest', another Taiwan cultivar, was the earliest maturing cultivar and produced the largest fruits. `Guafi', a local cultivar, was the latest maturing cultivar. Consumer preference for hot pepper is being studied as fresh market and as processed hot sauce.

Download Full-text

Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80656-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Gomaa ◽

Essam E. Kandil ◽

Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽

Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽

Hayssam M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

Download Full-text

Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10030318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Charles Nelimor ◽

Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽

Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽

Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽

Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Maize Landraces ◽

Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

Download Full-text

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9910053 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

PC Pheloung ◽

KHM Siddique

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Activity Increase ◽

Structural Carbohydrate ◽

Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

Download Full-text

Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0454 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. K. Gremillion ◽

A. K. Culbreath ◽

D. W. Gorbet ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

R. N. Pittman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

Download Full-text

Effect of water stress and NaCl triggered changes on yield, physiology, biochemistry of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants and on quality of harvested pods

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0397-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georgia Ouzounidou ◽

Ilias Ilias ◽

Anastasia Giannakoula ◽

Ioanna Theoharidou

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Control ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Ameliorative Effect ◽

Normal Water ◽

The Impact

AbstractSalinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Broad bean was chosen as model plant for assessing the impact of salt stress and its interaction with drought in the field experiments. The factors examined in the experiments were the two irrigation rates (normal watering — NW with 3 L plant−1 and drought — D) and three salinity rates imposed by foliar application (0, 50, 100 mg L−1 NaCl). Highest NaCl level with normal water irrigation caused maximum reduction in plant height and production, which it was due to photosynthetic disturbances. Salt injuries were alleviated by increasing water stress. The control plants exposed to NaCl lost their ability over water control. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 indicate the prevalence of oxidative stress due to salinity. The levels of proline and carbohydrates were higher under salinity alone than under simultaneous exposure to drought and NaCl. The protein concentration of immature and mature broad bean pods was more inhibited more by NaCl supply than by drought alone. The combination of drought and NaCl resulted in a significant increase in proteins, glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Overall, the ameliorative effect of drought under NaCl supply was quantified.

Download Full-text

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-150 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1215-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IRIS BITTERLICH ◽

MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Weed Density ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

Download Full-text

Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. II. Broadening options for sowing date

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp11137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. G. Gaynor ◽

R. J. Lawn ◽

A. T. James

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Plant Population ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Double Cropping ◽

South Wales

The response of irrigated soybean to sowing date and to plant population was evaluated in field experiments over three years at Leeton, in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) in southern New South Wales. The aim was to explore the options for later sowings to improve the flexibility for growing soybean in double-cropping rotations with a winter cereal. The experiments were grown on 1.83-m-wide raised soil beds, with 2, 4, or 6 rows per bed (years 1 and 2) or 2 rows per bed only (year 3). Plant population, which was manipulated by changing either the number of rows per bed (years 1 and 2) or the within-row plant spacing (year 3), ranged from 15 to 60 plants/m2 depending on the experiment. Two sowings dates, late November and late December, were compared in years 1 and 3, while in year 2, sowings in early and late January were also included. Three genotypes (early, medium, and late maturity) were grown in years 1 and 2, and four medium-maturing genotypes were grown in year 3. In general, machine-harvested seed yields were highest in the November sowings, and declined as sowing was delayed. Physiological analyses suggested two underlying causes for the yield decline as sowing date was delayed. First and most importantly, the later sown crops flowered sooner after sowing, shortening crop duration and reducing total dry matter (TDM) production. Second, in the late January sowings of the medium- and late-maturing genotypes, harvest index (HI) declined as maturity was pushed later into autumn, exposing the crops to cooler temperatures during pod filling. Attempts to offset the decline in TDM production as sowing was delayed by using higher plant populations were unsuccessful, in part because HI decreased, apparently due to greater severity of lodging. The studies indicated that, in the near term, the yield potential of current indeterminate cultivars at the late December sowing date is adequate, given appropriate management, for commercially viable double-cropping of soybean in the MIA. In the longer term, it is suggested that development of earlier maturing, lodging-resistant genotypes that retain high HI at high sowing density may allow sowing to be delayed to early January.

Download Full-text

Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 845 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

E V Aminova ◽

R R Salimova ◽

O E Merezhko

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Average Weight ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Productivity Potential

Abstract Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.

Download Full-text

Influence of Foliar Nutrition on Seed Setting Percentage, Yield and Economics of Red Gram (Cajanus cajan (L.)) under Irrigated Condition

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology ◽

10.9734/jabb/2019/v22i430125 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

C. Sivakumar ◽

Krishnaveni . ◽

M. Pandiyan

Keyword(s):

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Research Station ◽

Water Spray ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

Percentage Yield ◽

Control Water

Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of foliar nutrition on pod setting percentage, yield and economics of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.) under the irrigated condition at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur - 635 112, Tamil Nadu, India in Kharif season of 2016-17. To study the effect of different nutrient sources the following treatments were imposed. The treatments include the foliar application of 2% DAP twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter first spray (T1), Foliar application of TNAU pulse wonder at 5 kg/ha at peak flowering (T2), Foliar application of 0.5% MAP twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter first spray (T3). Foliar application of CCC 200 ppm twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter (T4) and Control (water spray)(T5). Among the treatments, it was concluded that application of 0.5% mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) at flowering and 15 days after the first spray recorded the higher grain and stalk yield of 1522 and 6222 kg ha-1 in red gram respectively and also recorded a higher gross income of Rs. 91320, net income of Rs. 50520 and B: C ratio of 2.2. Further, the yield increase was 25% higher yield over control (water spray) and 12% higher over-application of CCC 200 ppm twice at flowering and 15 days after the first spray.

Download Full-text