scholarly journals 163 THE EFFECTS OF HYDROPHILIC GELS ON PETUNIA GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN A COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 452b-452
Author(s):  
Karen L. Panter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

A study was undertaken between June 30 and September 15, 1993 to determine the effects of five different hydrophilic gels on petunia `Supercascade Red' dry weights, stem lengths, and bud counts. Data were compiled on growing medium and plant tissue analyses as well as days between waterings of gel-amended versus control media. A completely randomized design was utilized with six treatments (five gels and control), 15 pots per treatment, five plants per ten-inch banging basket. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences either within or among treatments for stem lengths or bud counts, or among treatments for plant dry weights. Two cases of significant differences among pots within treatments did occur. Plant tissue analyses run before and after the study showed consistent increases in N, P, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and B; decreases in Fe, Cu, and Na; and mixed changes in K and Mn over the 11-week study. Growing medium analyses run before and after the study showed consistent increases in Fe; decreases in EC, % organic matter, NH4-N, K, Mg, SO4 S, Mn, and Cu; and mixed changes in pH, NO3-N, P, Ca, and Zn. There were no significant differences in either the number of waterings or the days between waterings among the six treatments.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DE OBSTRUÇÕES EM GOTEJADORES E EFICIÊNCIA DO CONTROLE USANDO DOIS TIPOS DE ÁCIDOS

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

desenvolvimento de obstruçõesEM GOTEJADORES e eficiÊnciado controle usando dois tipos de ácidos  Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior1; José Francismar de Medeiros21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP,  [email protected] de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural Do Semi-Árido,  Mossoró, RN  1 RESUMO Em irrigação localizada a qualidade da água é fundamental para o desempenho dos emissores. Uma conseqüência é a obstrução que reduz a uniformidade de emissão. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o efeito da qualidade da água sobre o desenvolvimento de obstruções, bem como testar a eficiência de dois tipos de ácidos no controle dessas obstruções. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, no esquema fatorial 4x2 com duas repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro tipos de água e dois ácidos (nítrico e clorídrico). Foi feita uma avaliação do sistema antes e outra após a acidificação. Para cada tratamento foram calculados a vazão, o coeficiente de variação de fabricação e a uniformidade de emissão. A qualidade da água de irrigação não influenciou a vazão, o coeficiente de variação de fabricação e a uniformidade de emissão. O uso de ácido nítrico e clorídrico foi eficiente no controle de obstruções. O uso do ácido clorídrico fica limitado a águas com menores teores de bicarbonatos. UNITERMOS: Gotejamento, qualidade de água, uniformidade de emissão, acidificação  SILVA JÚNIOR, M. J. da; MEDEIROS, J. F. de. DEVELOPMENT OF DRIPPER CLOGGING AND CONTROL EFFICIENCY USING TWO TYPES OF ACIDS  2 ABSTRACT In drip irrigation water quality is fundamental for emitter performance. Clogging is a consequence that reduces emission uniformity. Thus, this paper aimed to study water quality effect on the development of clogging and efficiency of acid types in clogging control. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with a 4x2 factorial scheme and two replications. The treatments were four types of water and two acids (nitric and hydrochloric). System evaluations were made before and after the acidification. For each treatment the following were calculated:  flow, manufacturer’s variation coefficient and emission uniformity. Water quality did not affect flow, manufacturer’s variation coefficient and emission uniformity. The use of nitric and hydrochloric acids was efficiency on clogging control. The use of hydrochloric acid is limited to waters with low bicarbonate levels. KEYWORDS: Drip irrigation, water quality, emission uniformity, acidification

scholarly journals Kajian Penggunaan Debu Limbah Tembakau dan Pemberian Vermikompos Terhadap Populasi Ditilenchus pada Bawang Merah

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Yanuar Mahir Hermawan ◽  
Subagiya Subagiya ◽  
Ato Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
F Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

<p>Shallot is a high value commodity for Indonesian people. The rate of shallot production is considered quite slow considering of the increasing population, income, and the area of shallot cultivation. On the cultivation of shallots common obstacle of Ditylenchus that cause damage to the stems and shallot bulb. The dust of tobacco and vermicompost waste is known to suppress the development of nematodes. This study aims to examine the use of tobacco ash waste and vermicompost on the population of Ditylenchus nematodes as well as the growth and yield of shallot. This research was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakata in August to December 2016. The study was performed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments in the form of tobacco dust, vermicompost, combined tobacco dust and vermicompost and control treatment. Data were analyzed using variance test (F test) with 5% level. If the result shows significant effect then followed by DMRT of 5% level. The result of this research showed that the use of combination of tobacco ash waste and vermicompost could decrease nematode ditylenchus population in the soil. The use of tobacco ash waste could decrease total of parasite nematode population on plant tissue. The treatment didn’t give any effect to shallot’s yield. Shallot’s yield was not influenced by the existence of nematode ditylenchus and another on plant tissue.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of decaying leaf litter and inorganic fertilizer on growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Kanayo Chukwuka ◽  
Israel Ogunsumi ◽  
Maxwell Obiakara ◽  
Olubukola Ojo ◽  
Ufereh Uka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screen House

The effects of decaying leaf litter of Tithonia diversifolia and Vernonia amygdalina as organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) and their combination effects on the growth and development of maize were studied in a screen house. Twenty-four experimental bags filled with 20 kg of loamy soil were laid out in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications for each treatment which included: 250 g of decaying leaves of T. diversifolia as mulch (T1), 250 g of decaying leaves of V. amygdalina (T2), 1.52 g of NPK (inorganic) fertilizer (T3), a mixture of 250 g of decaying leaves of T. diversifolia and 1.52 g of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (T4), a mixture of V. amygdalina and 1.52 g of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (T5) and control (T6). The significant growth as well as maize yields were obtained from T3 treated maize seedlings, and this was closely followed by T4 treated seedlings. The study showed that the decaying leaf litter as an organic fertilizer in maize production in a screen house conditions did not give better yield than NPK treatment alone.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MOLASE TERHADAP AKTIVITAS KONSORSIUM BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT DALAM MEREDUKSI SULFAT (SO4-)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tyas Nyonita Punjungsari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Molecular Concentration ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this research is to understanding the effect of organic matter on BPS activity in reducing sulfate. Research carried out in batch culture using erlenmeyer, and using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment given is organic matter amounted to 308 mg / L, 617 mg / L and 1.234 mg / L and control. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The parameters observed in this study is SO4- concentration. Using Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level for data analysis. The results showed that the molecular concentration of 617 mg / L was able to decrease the sulfate concentration at the fastest, then consecutively the concentration of molasses 1.234 mg / L, and control. Based on the Anova test the significant value is less than 0.05. Thus it can be stated that there is an effect of addition molasses to decrease sulfate concentration by sulfate reducing bacteria consortium.

scholarly journals Ketersediaan dan Serapan Ca Pada Kacang Tanah di Tanah Alfisols yang Diberi Abu Vulkanik Kelud dan Pupuk Kandang

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Widyas Rahina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p class="Default"><span>Volcanic ash actually need  agent like an organic matter to mineralized. The study aims is to determine the effect of volcanic ash of Kelud and manure on the availability of calcium in Alfisols, the absorbent of calsium and their status for peanuts growth.This is greenhouse experiment arranged in factorial completely randomized design with single treatment. The result have been analyzed with analysis of variance by F test at 5% and the average comparison test using DMRT at 5% than will continued with Pearson Corelation test for analyzing the relation of intervariable. The results showed that volcanic ash of Kelud eruption and manure treatment significantly on leaves, chlorophyll, nodules, weight of wet crop stover, pH, CEC, Ca-total and Ca plant tissue but no significant on height of peanuts, stover dry weight, exchangable Ca and Ca uptake.Volcanic ash of Kelud and manure are better used as ameliorant than as a planting media.</span></p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH MOLASE TERHADAP AKTIVITAS KONSORSIUM BAKTERI PEREDUKSI SULFAT DALAM MEREDUKSI SULFAT (SO4-)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tyas Nyonita Punjungsari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Molecular Concentration ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this research is to understanding the effect of organic matter on BPS activity in reducing sulfate. Research carried out in batch culture using erlenmeyer, and using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment given is organic matter amounted to 308 mg / L, 617 mg / L and 1.234 mg / L and control. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The parameters observed in this study is SO4- concentration. Using Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level for data analysis. The results showed that the molecular concentration of 617 mg / L was able to decrease the sulfate concentration at the fastest, then consecutively the concentration of molasses 1.234 mg / L, and control. Based on the Anova test the significant value is less than 0.05. Thus it can be stated that there is an effect of addition molasses to decrease sulfate concentration by sulfate reducing bacteria consortium.

scholarly journals Uji Virulensi Dua Isolat Ganoderma sp. terhadap Bibit Kelapa Sawit Kultur Jaringan di Laboratorium

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Mhd Irvan Fadli Nst ◽  
Lisnawita Lisnawita ◽  
Suzanna Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

Busuk pangkal batang (Ganoderma sp.) pada tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan penyakit utama yang dihadapi oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Di lapangan banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan penyakit ini menunjukkan serangan yang berbeda di setiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daya virulensi dari dua isolat Ganoderma sp. yang berasal dari daerah berbeda tanpa adanya faktor-faktor lain pada kelapa sawit kultur jaringan secara invitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret - Juli 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan penginokulasian yaitu isolat Ganoderma sp.I, isolat Ganoderma sp.II, dan Kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya virulensi dari kedua isolat Ganoderma, dimana kejadian penyakit dan keparah penyakit tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan Ganoderma isolat II. The stem rot (Ganoderma sp.) is the main disease faced by oil palm plantations in Indonesia. There are many factors that can affect the growth and development of stem rot in the different region. This study aims to study the virulence of two isolates of Ganoderma sp. originating from different regions in the absence of other factors in oil palm tissue culture in vitro. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 inoculation treatments, such as isolates I and II of Ganoderma sp., and Control. The results showed that there were differences in virulence power of the two Ganoderma sp. isolates, where the highest incidence of disease and severity of disease occurred in the treatment of isolates II of Ganoderma sp.

scholarly journals What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3056-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Petzel ◽  
Evan C Titgemeyer ◽  
Alexander J Smart ◽  
Kristin E Hales ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

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