Use of Paclobutrazol to Control Height of Impatiens Grown in Media Containing Compost

Ornamental horticulture industries have the opportunity to utilize compost products as components in growing media, but heterogeneity among compost products can cause unpredictability in the activity of some growth regulators when applied as a drenches to the growing medium. These experiments evaluated the effect of 0%, 30%, 60%, or 100% compost (by volume) in the medium on the efficacy of paclobutrazol applied as a drench on Impatiens wallerana Hook. In experiment 1, paclobutrazol was applied at active ingredient (a.i.) drench rates of 0, 0.016, 0.032, 0.06, or 0.125 mg/pot 16 days after transplanting impatiens `Accent Red'. In experiment 2, paclobutrazol was applied at a.i. drench rates of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/pot 14 days after transplanting impatiens `Dazzler Punch'. In both experiments, final height and size were reduced by paclobutrazol treatments compared to untreated plants. In experiment 1, shoot dry mass of treated plants was on the average of 0.92 g less than untreated plants, while shoot dry mass, in experiment 2, did not show a significant difference between treated and untreated plants. In both experiments, final height, size and shoot dry mass were significantly different among the media, with the greatest growth in 100% compost.

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Printed Paper Waste as an Alternative Growing Medium Component to Produce Brassica Seedlings under Nursery Conditions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12155992 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 5992

Author(s):

Antonios Chrysargyris ◽

Panayiota Xylia ◽

Gorkem Akinci ◽

Konstantinos Moustakas ◽

Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Growing Media ◽

Paper Waste ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The Media ◽

Low Levels

Significant quantities of paper waste (PW) have been accumulated in recent years and the reuse/recycling of PW is required due to environmental concerns. In the present study, printed PW was used as a peat (P) substitute in growing medium for the Brassica seedlings production, considering recycling, sustainable agriculture, and partly peat replacement. Seeds of cauliflower, broccoli, and cabbage were seeded in growing media made of 0–10–30–50% PW. The addition of PW improved the growing media pH and mineral content, reduced the media aeration, and affected seed emergence. The PW decreased plant growth and the effects were more pronounced at 50% PW. The PW ≥ 30% decreased stomatal conductance, while chlorophyll fluorescence and content of chlorophylls decreased with high PW ratio, negatively affecting the plant physiology. The PW decreased plant sodium and iron and increased potassium, calcium, magnesium, and copper content. The PW increased antioxidant activity to a certain degree for cauliflower and cabbage and resulted in no change for broccoli, while polyphenols increased in cabbage seedlings. The addition of PW did not cause cellular damage as both lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production remained at low levels, maintaining low levels on the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) metabolism. The present study shows that low PW content can partially replace peat for Brassica seedling production under a sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly scheme.

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The Effect of Cocopeat and Charcoal Combination in Growing Media of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.) Var. Parachinensis Growth

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati ◽

10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Masniar Vina Kesti ◽

Bambang Irawan ◽

Priyambodo Priyambodo ◽

Martha Lulus Lande

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Media ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Water Gas ◽

Difference Test

Green mustard is one type of vegetable that is easily cultivated and has good prospects to increase farmers' income and community nutrition. Growing media is a material that is useful as a place to stand upright seedlings, to develop seedling roots, to store water, gas, and nutrients needed for seedling growth. The purpose of this study is a). to determine the effect of using a combination of cocopeat and charcoal as a medium for planting mustard greens, b). to get the best dosage of the composition of the growing medium on the growth of mustard greens. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) = 5%. The results showed that the use of cocopeat growing media and charcoal influenced germination and vigor index. Cocopeat and charcoal have a significant effect on fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of mustard greens. The mixture of cocopeat growing media and charcoal on P1 did not affect the growth of green mustard on the dry weight. Fresh weight gave a significant effect on K1 and P1 was also significantly different from P2 and P3.

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MOVEMENT OF SELECTED GROWTH-REGULATING CHEMICALS IN ARTIFICIAL GROWING MEDIA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.633e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 633e-633

Author(s):

Kurt A. Schekel ◽

Paul S. Kaczmarczyk

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Growing Media ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

The Media

The presence of the growth regulators paclobutrazol and uniconazole in leachate or distribution through media consisting of various proportions of Douglas fir bark, sphagnum peat and perlite was evaluated. Distribution through a column 25 cm deep occurred rapidly and growth regulators were found in the leachate the first day after drench application when perlite was in the mix. Movement was limited to a maximum of the top 60% of the column in bark and peat mixes without perlite. Leachate was collected daily over a 12 day period after drenches were applied. Paclobutrazol and uniconazol showed similar distribution patterns in the media.

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Growing Media and Nutrient Solution Concentration Affect Vegetative Growth and Nutrition of Laelia anceps Lindl

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.6.773 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 773-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nadia Jiménez-Peña ◽

Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar ◽

Ana M. Castillo-González ◽

María T. Colinas-León ◽

Andrew D. Cartmill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Rock ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growing Media ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Growing Medium

The domestication of wild orchids for commercial production is a new endeavor, which may represent a sustainable alternative to the collection/harvest from natural populations of threatened or endangered orchid species. In the present study, the growth and nutrition of vegetative plants of Laelia anceps Lindl. as affected by three components of the growing medium (peat, volcanic rock, and/or horticultural grade charcoal) and the nutrient solution concentration, measured as osmotic potential (ψS), were assessed using mixture experiments methodology. Leaf dry mass (DM) was the highest when plants were irrigated with nutrient solutions of –0.076 MPa. The lower leaf DM at lower or higher ψS was influenced by the medium because plants grown in 100% volcanic rock exhibited no effect, whereas plants grown in either 100% charcoal or 100% peat had a marked reduction. Regardless of the ψS of the nutrient solution, the highest leaf DM was observed in mixtures of two components containing charcoal and peat at high proportions. Dry mass of pseudobulbs and roots was highest in plants irrigated with solutions of –0.051 MPa, especially in mixtures with charcoal or 100% peat. Decreasing the ψS of the nutrient solution resulted in increased shoot nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentrations and decreased concentration of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Increasing charcoal proportion in the growing media resulted in increased plant iron (Fe) and Cu concentration. However, increasing volcanic rock reduced plant P and K and increased Mn concentration. A higher proportion of peat was correlated with a decrease in plant Fe concentration. Leaf DM fit models on which macronutrient:micronutrient or micronutrient:micronutrient ratios were calculated, suggesting that nutrient imbalance may be responsible for a plant’s responses. The coefficients with the higher values included a micronutrient:micronutrient ratio, suggesting that an extremely fine balance in the uptake of a given micronutrient in relation to other micro- or macronutrient is of major importance for adequate growth of Laelia.

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Comparison of the Physical Characteristics of Growing Media Containing Composted Oak Sawdust and Sphagnum Peat

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.657b ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 657b-657

Author(s):

F. M. Jeneidi ◽

C. J. Starbuck

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Media ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Water Contents

The physical characteristics of a container growing medium containing 2 oak sawdust composted with poultry manure: 1 vermiculite: 1 perlite were compared with those of a similar medium containing sphagnum peat rather than compost. Both media were amended with inorganic nutrients based on laboratory analysis to make them nutritionally comparable and with AquaGro wetting agent at 800 g·m–3. Moisture release characteristics of the media were evaluated using tension cups in which desorption at 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, and 160 cm of water was measured. While bulk density of the peat mix (0.129 g·cm–3) was, significantly lower than that of the compost mix (0.157 g·cm–3), total porosity of the peat mix (84%) was significantly greater than that of the compost mix (79%). Air-filled and water-filled porosities of the peat and compost mixes were 18.2% 16.2% and 75.2% 70.5% of container volume, respectively. While the peat mix held more water at tensions between 5 and 20 cm, there was no significant difference between the volumetric water contents of the two media between 20 and 160 cm. Fresh and dry weights of corn plants grown for 3 weeks in compost- and peat-based media were not significantly different.

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Effects of Growing Medium Type and Moisture Level on Predation by Adult Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), on Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Larvae under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11842-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 736-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan J. Herrick ◽

Raymond A. Cloyd

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Laboratory Experiment ◽

Growing Media ◽

Rove Beetles ◽

Rove Beetle ◽

Fungus Gnats ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fungus Gnat ◽

Saturated Treatment

The fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae), is an insect pest of greenhouse production systems. The rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria [Kraatz] (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), is a commercially available predator of certain greenhouse insect pests that reside in growing media, including fungus gnats. There is minimal information discussing how growing medium type and moisture level (watering treatment) impact the interactions between pests and natural enemies. Therefore, we conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to investigate the influence of two growing media (Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix and Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula) and two moisture levels (“constantly saturated” and “initially saturated”) on predation by adult D. coriaria on B. sp. nr. coprophila larvae after releasing one or two rove beetle adults. In the laboratory experiment, moisture content or the amount of water retained by the growing medium did not significantly influence the recovery of adult fungus gnats for any of the rove beetle treatments. However, there was a significant difference in the recovery of fungus gnat adults between the two growing media. Fewer fungus gnat adults emerged from the Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix (0.9 ± 0.2 adults) than the Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula (6.0 ± 0.9 adults). Significantly fewer adult fungus gnats were recovered in the treatments where one rove beetle adult was released (2.7 ± 0.7 adults) and two rove beetle adults were released (2.3 ± 0.5 adults) compared with the control without rove beetles (5.4 ± 1.4 adults). However, there was no significant difference between the number of rove beetle adults released. In contrast to the laboratory experiment, moisture content in the greenhouse experiment significantly influenced the recovery of adult fungus gnats. More adult fungus gnats were recovered from the “constantly saturated” treatment (9.9 ± 1.4 adults) than the “initially saturated” treatment (3.8 ± 1.0 adults). Similar to the laboratory experiment, there was a significant difference in the recovery of fungus gnat adults between the two growing media, with fewer adults captured from the Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix (3.2 ± 0.8 adults) than the Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula (10.4 ± 1.4 adults). However, the treatments with rove beetle adults [one rove beetle (6.6 ± 1.8 adults) or two rove beetles (5.3 ± 1.5 adults)] were not significantly different from the control without rove beetles (8.6 ± 1.5 adults), suggesting that the growing media and moisture levels were acting directly on fungus gnat survival. The results of our study demonstrate that survival of fungus gnat larvae that reside in the growing medium and the success of rove beetle adults used to regulate these pests can be influenced by growing media and the moisture content within growing media.

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(31) Growth Response and Fruit Yield of Solanum integrifolium to Growing Medium and Fertility under Reduced Irradiance and Long-day Photoperiod

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1076b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1076B-1076

Author(s):

Jonathan N. Egilla

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Growing Media ◽

Long Day ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Lateral Shoots

Four-week-old seedlings of Scarlet eggplant (Solanum integrifolium Poir.), a short-day fruiting vegetable, were grown for 20 weeks in a greenhouse (G/H) from 14 Mar. to 2 Aug. 2005. Mean daily photosynthetic photon flux in the G/H was about 480, 349 and 71 μmol·m–2·s–1 above-, within canopy; and at pot level, respectively in July. Seedlings were grown either in Turface® (fritted clay) or fine sand. Fertilizer treatment consisted of 5 g Osmocote® (18% N-6% P2O5-12% K2O) per pot, plus 100 mL of Peat-lite® (15% N-16% P2O5-17% K2O) solution at 200 mg·L-1 of N twice weekly, or Peat-lite only. Seedling growth (plant height, leaf number) during the first 12 weeks in both growing media was similar regardless of fertilizer treatment. The number of lateral shoots (not fruit number, FRN) increased from early fruit set (week 14) until termination (week 20), but there were no significant (P = 0.05) growing media or fertilizer treatment effects. While root dry mass was similar in both growing media, shoot dry mass was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased in fritted clay. Conversely, FRN and fruit dry mass (FDM) were, respectively, 8- and 11-fold greater in sand compared with fritted clay. Fertilizer treatment had no significant (P = 0.05) effect on both FRN and FDM either in fritted clay or sand. These trends indicate that S. integrifolium can produce limited amounts of fruit under the long daylength conditions of the summer at reduced irradiance, but factors determining shoot growth may have significant influence on fruit yield under this condition.

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Growth of Dracaena marginata and Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ in Sphagnum Peat- and Coconut Coir Dust-based Growing Media

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-17.1.49 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert H. Stamps ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Growing Media ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Coir Dust ◽

Media Component ◽

The Media ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract A comparison was made of Canadian sphagnum peat (SP) and Philippine coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir dust (CD) as growing media components for greenhouse production of Dracaena marginata Bak. and Spathiphyllum Schott ‘Petite’. Three soilless foliage plant growing mixes (Cornell, Hybrid, University of Florida #2 [UF-2]) were prepared using either SP or CD and pine bark (PB), vermiculite (V), and/or perlite (P) in the following ratios (% by vol): Cornell = 50 CD or SP:25 V:25 P, Hybrid = 40 CD or SP:30 V:30 PB, UF-2 = 50 CD or SP: 50 PB. Dracaena root growth was not affected by treatments but there were significant mix × media component interactions that affected plant top growth parameters. In general, the growth and quality of D. marginata were reduced by using CD in Cornell, had no effect in Hybrid, and increased in UF-2. S. ‘Petite’ grew equally well in all growing mixes regardless of whether CD or SP was used; however, plants grew more in Cornell and Hybrid than in UF-2. S. ‘Petite’ roots, which were infested with Cylindrocladium spathiphylli, had higher grades when grown in CD than when the media contained SP.

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UTILIZATION OF RAWAPENING PEAT FOR NUTRIENT BLOCK AS A MEDIA NURSERIES Anthocephalus cadaba and Paraserianthes falcataria

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v8i1.1980 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Hanggari Sittadewi., dkk

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Land Rehabilitation ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Growing Medium ◽

The Media

Nutrient Block is a growing medium product in the form of a square (25 x 25 cm) or cylindrical (diameter = 20 cm, height = 25 cm) made of peat which has been composted, plus adhesive gypsum or tapioca waste. Nutrient Block is designed to support the post mining land rehabilitation program that is now threatening the environmental degradation in mining areas. Nutrient Block products has been proved good for growth because of the media in addition to having physical properties that are capable of storing large amounts of water, contain enough nutrients in the form available to plants,so it can support plant growth. Results of the Nutrient Block application test to Jabon (Anthocephalus cadaba) and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) plants showed that good performance, both plant height and diameter of trees and leaf growth in plants Jabon appear healthy and getting wider.keywords: nutrient block, post-mining land rehabilitation. Paraserianthes falcataria, Anthocephalus cadaba

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Listening to Slugs: Acceptability and Consumption of Molluscicide Pellets by the Grey Field Slug, Deroceras reticulatum

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 548

Author(s):

Samantha Mirhaya de Silva ◽

David Chesmore ◽

Jack Smith ◽

Gordon Port

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Deroceras Reticulatum ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Ferric Phosphate ◽

Significant Difference

Gastropod damage to crop plants has a significant economic impact on agricultural and horticultural industries worldwide, with the Grey Field Slug (Deroceras reticulatum (Müller)) considered the main mollusc pest in the United Kingdom and in many other temperate areas. The prevailing form of crop protection is pellets containing the active ingredient, metaldehyde. Metaldehyde can cause paralysis and death in the mollusc, depending on the amount ingested. The paralysing effects may result in reduced pellet consumption. A greater understanding of metaldehyde consumption may reveal an area that can be manipulated using novel molluscicide formulations. Novel pellet types included commercial metaldehyde pellets coated so that metaldehyde is released more slowly. In both laboratory and arena trials, an audio sensor was used to record individual slugs feeding on a variety of pellet types, including commercially available toxic pellets (metaldehyde and ferric phosphate) and novel metaldehyde formulations. The sensor was used to record the length of each bite and the total number of bites. There was no significant difference in the length of bites between pellet types in laboratory trials. Novel pellets were not consumed more than commercial pellet types. Commercial pellet types did not differ in consumption.

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