scholarly journals Use of Combinations of Commercially Relevant O2 and CO2 Partial Pressures to Evaluate the Sensitivity of Nine Highbush Blueberry Fruit Cultivars to Controlled Atmospheres

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Alsmairat ◽  
Carolina Contreras ◽  
James Hancock ◽  
Pete Callow ◽  
Randolph Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Level ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Impact

We tested the impact of storage atmospheres in which the CO2 and O2 percentages sum to 21% on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit condition and quality. The CO2 and O2 combinations, in percent composition, were 19%/2%, 18%/3%, 16.5%/4.5%, 15%/6%, 13.5%/7.5%, 12%/9%, 6%/15%, and 0%/21% for CO2/O2, respectively. Nine blueberry cultivars were evaluated (Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Ozarkblue, Nelson, Liberty, Elliott, Legacy, and Jersey) after 8 weeks of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0 °C. Surface mold, berry decay, skin reddening (associated with fruit pulp browning), fruit firmness, pulp discoloration, and the content of ethanol and acetaldehyde were assessed. Fruit firmness, skin reddening, and decay declined and the proportion of fruit with severe internal discoloration tended to increase as CO2 concentrations increased. Ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation was minimal, indicating fermentation was not induced by the atmospheric conditions applied. Cultivar effects were far more pronounced than atmosphere effects. Some cultivars such as Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Liberty, and Legacy appear to be well suited to extended CA storage, whereas other cultivars such as Elliott stored moderately well, and Ozarkblue, Nelson, and Jersey stored poorly. The data indicate that responses to high levels of CO2, while O2 is maintained at its maximum level practicable, can, in a cultivar-dependent manner, include significant negative effects on quality while achieving the desired suppression of decay.

scholarly journals Aluminum and Phosphorus Interactions in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Highbush Blueberry Plantlets

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qiang Yang ◽  
Barbara L. Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Al Uptake

Aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) interactions were investigated in mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets in a factorial experiment. The toxic effects of Al on highbush blueberry were characterized by decreased shoot, root, and total plant dry mass. Many of the negative effects of Al on plant root, shoot, and total dry matter production were reversed by foliar P and N application, indicating P or N uptake were limited by high Al concentration. However, Al-mediated growth reduction in P-stressed plants indicated that the restriction of P uptake by high Al may not have been the only mechanism for Al toxicity in this experiment. Root Al and P concentration were negatively correlated in NM but not M plantlets, suggesting mycorrhizal infection may alter P uptake processes. Al uptake was also affected by mycorrhizal infection, with more Al accumulating in M plantlet roots and leaves. Correlations among foliar ion concentrations were also affected by mycorrhizal fungal infection.

scholarly journals Calcium and Fruit Firmness in Highbush Blueberry: Natural Gradients and the Effect of Foliar Applications

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 784D-784
Author(s):  
Jorge B. Retamales ◽  
Cerardo A. Accedondo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Calcium Sources

Calcium gradients were established in firm (`Bluecrop' and `Blueray') and soft (`Ivanhoe') highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits from a 7-year-old planting at La Union, southern Chile. Manual firmness measurements established that `Ivanhoe' fruit was softer than either `Bluecrop' or `Blueray'. In all varieties, Ca concentrations were: seed > pulp > epidermis; opposite trends were found for K+Mg/Ca ratios. Seed number and Ca concentration in the pulp were negatively correlated in `Bluecrop' and `Ivanhoe', but not in `Blueray'. In a related experiment, the response of `Bluecrop' to preharvest sprays of two calcium sources (chloride and nitrate) in four doses (0, 47.5, 35, or 190 g Ca/100 liters of water) was studied; dose and source interactions were not significant. Both calcium sources affected fruit Ca concentrations similarly;l calcium applications, either as nitrate or chloride, increased Ca significantly in epidermis and seed; the highest dose was required to raise significantly Ca concentrations in the pulp. K+Mg/Ca ratios in nitrate- or chloride-treated fruit were: pulp > seed > epidermis.

Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Deyman ◽  
Greta Chiu ◽  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Carolyne J. Brikis ◽  
Christopher P. Trobacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Deyman, K. L., Chiu, G., Liu, J., Brikis, C. J., Trobacher, C. P., DeEll, J. R., Shelp, B. J. and Bozzo, G. G. 2014. Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 857–865. The impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application on CO2-induced physiological injury in Empire apple fruit during controlled atmosphere storage was assessed over a 3-yr period using an experimental design involving multiple treatment replicates. Fruit harvested at optimal maturity from one or two orchards were treated with or without 1 µL L−1 1-MCP, then chilled at 0 or 3°C under various CO2 partial pressures (5, 2.5 or 0.03 kPa CO2) in the presence of 2.5 kPa O2 for up to 46 wk using a split-plot design. Fruit were sampled periodically for assessment of flesh browning and external peel injury. The maximal incidence of external CO2 injury varied from 15 to 100% over the 3 yr, and the most rapid development of this disorder was evident at 5 kPa CO2. The incidence of external CO2 injury as a function of storage time was influenced by orchard location and storage temperature. Moreover, the incidence of flesh browning at 0°C and 5 kPa CO2 was influenced slightly by orchard; this disorder was never higher than 30%, and the impact of elevated CO2 was inconsistent across years. Notably, there was no evidence for negative effects of 1-MCP on the incidence of storage-related disorders.

scholarly journals Iron-biofortified pearl millet consumption increases physical activity in Indian adolescent school children after a 6-month randomized feeding trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Laura M Pompano ◽  
Sarah V Luna ◽  
Shobha A Udipi ◽  
Padmini S Ghugre ◽  
Eric M Przybyszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Indian School ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Iron deficiency has negative effects on voluntary physical activity (PA); however, the impact of consuming iron-biofortified staple foods on voluntary PA remains unclear. This study compared the effects of consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet or a conventional pearl millet on measures of voluntary PA in Indian school children (ages 12-16 years) during a six-month randomized, controlled feeding trial. PA data were collected from 130 children using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for six days at baseline and endline. Minutes spent in light and in moderate-to-vigorous PA were calculated from accelerometer counts using Crouter’s refined two-regression model for children. Mixed regression models adjusting for covariates were used to assess relationships between intervention treatment or change in iron status and physical activity. Results: Children who consumed iron-biofortified pearl millet performed 22.3 (95% CI: 1.8, 42.8, p = 0.034) more minutes of light PA each day compared to conventional pearl millet. There was no effect of treatment on moderate-to-vigorous PA. The amount of iron consumed from pearl millet was related to minutes spent in light PA (estimate and 95% CI: 3.4 min/mg iron (0.3 to 6.5, p = 0.031)) and inversely related to daily sedentary minutes (estimate and 95% CI: −5.4 min/mg iron (−9.9 to −0.9, p = 0.020)). Conclusion: Consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet increased light PA and decreased sedentary time in Indian school children in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Comparison of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Ridge and Pot Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Tina Smrke ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Domen Stamic ◽  
Jerneja Jakopic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
New Production ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the specific requirements for low soil pH, new production methods are being introduced for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Planting in pots has gained popularity in recent years due to the easier control of the substrate pH. This study was carried out on 2-year-old ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Brigitta’ cultivar blueberry plants that were planted along a ridge or in pots. The substrate temperature reached higher values for the pots, while the substrate water content was higher for the ridge. In the ‘Duke’ and ‘Aurora’ plants, significantly higher sugar/organic acid ratios were obtained for fruit from the ridge. However, significantly higher fruit total phenolics content, greater plant volumes and lower yields per plant were obtained for ‘Aurora’ as potted plants compared to the ridge. The ‘Brigitta’ fruit harvested from potted plants had significantly higher total organic acid content; however, no significant difference was seen for the sugar/organic acid ratio between the conditions. This study is the first to compare the responses of different highbush blueberry cultivars in terms of production on a ridge and in pots, and the impact on the substrate microclimatic conditions, plant volume and fruit yield and primary and secondary metabolites content.

scholarly journals Mulch and Fertilizer Management Practices for Organic Production of Highbush Blueberry. I: Plant Growth and Allocation of Biomass during Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handell Larco ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Dan M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Impact

A systems trial was established in Oct. 2006 to evaluate management practices for organic production of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The practices included: flat and raised planting beds; feather meal and fish emulsion fertilizer each applied at rates of 29 and 57 kg·ha−1 nitrogen (N); sawdust mulch, compost topped with sawdust mulch (compost + sawdust), or weed mat; and two cultivars, Duke and Liberty. Each treatment was irrigated by drip and weeds were controlled as needed. The planting was certified organic in 2008. After one growing season, allocation of biomass to the roots was greater when plants were grown on raised beds than on flat beds, mulched with organic mulch rather than a weed mat, and fertilized with the lower rate of N. Plants also allocated more biomass belowground when fertilized with feather meal than with fish emulsion. Although fish emulsion improved growth relative to feather meal in the establishment year, this was not the case the next year when feather meal was applied earlier. After two seasons, total plant dry weight (DW) was generally greater on raised beds than on flat beds, but the difference varied depending on fertilizer and the type of mulch used. Shoots and leaves accounted for 60% to 77% of total plant biomass, whereas roots accounted for 7% to 19% and fruit accounted for 4% to 18%. Plants produced 33% higher yield when grown on raised beds than on flat beds and had 36% higher yield with weed mat than with sawdust mulch. Yield was also higher when plants were fertilized with the low rate of fish emulsion than with any other fertilizer treatment in ‘Duke’ but was unaffected by fertilizer source or rate in ‘Liberty’. Although raised beds and sawdust or sawdust + compost produced the largest total plant DW, the greatest shoot growth and yield occurred when plants were mulched with weed mat or compost + sawdust on raised beds in both cultivars. The impact of these organic production practices on root development may affect the sustainability of these production systems over time, however, because plants with lower root-to-shoot ratios may be more sensitive to cultural or environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Bud Break, Fruit Yield and Quality of Highbush Blueberry in Greenhouse Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiuying Xia ◽  
Lijia An
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide

Highbush blueberries need sufficient chilling exposure to induce bud break and flowering, which limits their cultivation in warm areas as well as the profitability of protected cultivation in greenhouses. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC), gibberellic acid (GA3), ethephon (CE), mineral oil (MO), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) are often applied to deciduous fruit trees to advance bud break and fruit set. In this study, experiments were conducted in northeast China to determine the effects of different concentrations of HC or HC in combination with GA3, CE, MO, and KNO3 on bud break, fruit quality, and fruit yield in greenhouse-grown highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The results showed that all of the treatment agents could advance bud break by at least 15 days and fruit ripening by 16 days compared to the control. In addition, all treatments could promote the development of flowers and fruits and shorten the flowering and harvest periods. Compared with the control, 0.5% HC or 0.67% HC treatment increased the fruit yield of 5-year-old and 7-year-old bushes, especially early yield. Experiments carried out over two consecutive years in two different varieties, namely ‘M7’ and ‘Brigitta’, further confirmed the positive effect of 0.67% HC application on fruit yield. The results also showed that 0.67% HC had no negative effects on fruit quality. These findings may encourage growers to consider spraying HC in greenhouses to increase fruit yield, especially early yield, in order to schedule the harvest time for a more lucrative marketing period.

scholarly journals Flowering and fruit set of six cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in the conditions of the Lublin Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
The City

The results presented in this paper relate to the time and duration of flowering of highbush blueberry as well as fruit set in the conditions of flower isolation and free visitation by pollinating insects. Observations were carried out in the years 2001- 2004 at a plantation located in Niemce near the city of Lublin. Six cultivars: 'Bluecrop', 'Bluejay', 'Croatan', 'Darrow', 'Northland' and 'Spartan', were covered by the study. The flowering period of the studied highbush blueberry cultivars was in May in three years of study, whereas in 2004 in May and June. Depending on the year, it lasted from 14 up to 21 days, on the average. Significant differences were found in the life span of a single flower which, depending on the cultivar and conditions prevailing during flowering, bloomed from 5 up to 10 days (the average for all the years for all the cultivars). With free access of pollinating insects, highbush blueberry set an average of 92 false-berries per 100 flowers, whereas only 40 during spontaneous self-pollination under the isolating cover. In each year of study, irrespective of atmospheric conditions prevailing during flowering as well as the time and duration of flowering, fruit set of the investigated cultivars in flowers freely accessible to pollinating insects should be considered to be good or very good.

scholarly journals Modified-atmosphere Packaging of Blueberry Fruit: Modeling Respiration and Package Oxygen Partial Pressures as a Function of Temperature

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Cameron ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry ◽  
Nigel H. Banks ◽  
Mark V. Yelanich
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Low Levels

A mathematical model was developed to characterize the interaction of fruit O2 uptake, steady-state O2 partial pressures in modified-atmosphere (MA) packages ([O2]pkg), and film permeability to O2 (Po2) from previously published data for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. `Bluecrop') fruit held between 0 and 25C. O2 uptake in nonlimiting O2 (Ro2max,T) and the [O2]pkg at which O2 uptake was half-maximal (K½T) were both exponentially related to temperature. The activation energy of 02 uptake was less at lower [O2]pkg and temperature. The predicted activation energy for permeation of O2 through the film (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{P_{\mathrm{o}_{2}}}}\) \end{document} kJ·mol-1) required to maintain close-to-optimum [O2]pkg across the range of temperatures between 0 and 25C was ≈ 60 kJ·mol-1. Packages in which diffusion was mediated through polypropylene or polyethylene would have values \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{P_{\mathrm{o}_{2}}}}\) \end{document} of ≈ 50 and 40 kJ·mol-1, respectively, and would have correspondingly greater tendencies for [O2]pkg to decrease to excessively low levels with an increase in temperature. Packages that depend on pores for permeation would have an \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{P_{\mathrm{o}_{2}}}}\) \end{document} of <5 kJ·mol-1. Our procedure predicted that, if allowed to attain steady-state conditions, packages with pores and optimized to 2 kPa O2 at 0C would become anaerobic with as little as a 5C increase in temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the risk of temperature abuse during handling and marketing of MA packaged fruit and strategies to avoid induction of anaerobiosis.

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