scholarly journals Diversity of Iron and Zinc Content in Bananas from East and Central Africa

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Michael Pillay ◽  
Robert Fungo
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Bananas and plantains (Musa sp.) are major staple foods in many developing countries of the world. Although bananas are rich in carbohydrate, fiber, protein, fat, and vitamins A, C, and B6 they are largely deficient of iron (Fe), iodine, and zinc (Zn). A small increase in the micronutrient content of bananas could play a major role in combating disorders that are due to deficiency of mineral micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. The objective of this study was to determine the Fe and Zn content of 47 banana genotypes from a germplasm collection in Uganda using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Fe and Zn content showed wide variability and highly significant differences (P < 0.001) within and among the different banana categories selected for this study. The highest average Fe content (1.42 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Saba’ (ABB) while the least Fe content (0.06 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Kikundi’ (AAA). The highest average Zn content (1.21 mg/100 g) among the analyzed accessions was found in ‘Kivuvu’ (ABB) while Zn was not detectable in both ‘Kabucuragye’ (AAA) and ‘Grand Naine’ (AAA). Considering these figures, there is a greater than 20-fold variation in the Fe and Zn levels of the banana genotypes used this study suggesting that genetic improvement of genotypes for enhanced micronutrient levels may be achieved by breeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biofortified spring wheat genotypes for yield and micronutrients

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravish Chatrath ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Om Parkash ◽  
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Advanced wheat genotypes were tested for agronomic as well as grain iron and zinc content traits. The analysis of variance indicated variation for all traits except iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The grain Fe content ranged from 39-58 mg/kg whereas grain Zn ranged from 32-47 mg/kg among the tested lines. A significant positive correlation (0.45) was observed between grain Fe and Zn content. There was no association between yield and grain Fe and Zn content indicating that improvement in these micronutrients will not have any undesirable affect on yield. The data was further analysed for principal component analysis and genotype by trait association. The first five principal components viz., PC1 (0.3149), PC2 (0.2198), PC3 (0.1461), PC4 (0.10) and PC5 (0.0923) accounted for 0.87 of the total variation. The major traits contributing to the PC1 are days to heading, days to maturity, grain iron content and yield. The cluster analysis revealed significant variation among the tested germplasm thus providing opportunities for increasing the micronutrient content along with yield through hybridization with high micronutrient content lines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Recombinant Inbred Lines for Higher Iron and Zinc Content Along with Yield and Quality Parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maini Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kasturi Majumder ◽  
Sabyasachi Kundagrami ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice is one of the most important staple food crops for billions of people throughout the world. It is the cheapest source of dietary energy, protein and minerals for people but poor in micronutrients such as Fe and Zn to eliminate “hidden hunger”. In the present study, a population of 126recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between Lemont X Satabdi (IET 4786) were used to identify high iron and zinc content coupled with yield and yield attributing traits. Analysis of Variance revealed that a considerable variation in iron and zinc existed among genotypes. The correlation study revealed that number of filled grain was positively associated with panicle length and yield per plant and number of panicles, but no significant positive correlation was observed between grain zinc content and iron content. Zinc and iron content of rice was estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the samples were prepared by tri-acid digestion method. Among RIL lines, the line 57, 97,120, 48, 99, 124 contained more than 30 ppm Fe and the lines 24, 6, 9, 23, 29, 125 were found to possess more than 50 ppm Zn. The lines 9,6,48 and 57 were recorded to be high yielding with high zinc and Fe content in grain and in future these four lines look promising for multi location trial also. These high Fe and Zn content genotypes can be utilized in future breeding programme as a donor or good source for bio fortification of rice genotypes.

Direct Measurement of the Hepatointestinal Extraction of Zinc in Cirrhosis and Hepatitis

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. N. Keeling ◽  
W. Ruse ◽  
J. Bull ◽  
B. Hannigan ◽  
R. P. H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Zinc Extraction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Biopsy Specimens

1. 65Zn was injected intravenously during transjugular liver biopsy and, from simultaneous hepatic and peripheral venous blood samples, hepatointestinal 65Zn extraction was calculated. Hepatic zinc content was measured in biopsy specimens. 2. On the same occasion samples of liver tissue were taken and their zinc content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3. Seven patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower hepatic zinc content and hepatointestinal zinc extraction than six control patients with mild liver disease. Six patients with chronic hepatitis had a mean hepatointestinal zinc extraction higher than control patients, whereas their mean hepatic zinc content was lower, although the former difference did not achieve statistical significance. 4. These results demonstrate that hepatointestinal extraction of zinc is impaired in cirrhosis, but not in chronic hepatitis.

scholarly journals Contribution of minerals from fresh kidney bean leaves and grains in meals consumed in East, South and Central Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6479-6489
Author(s):  
PM Mamiro ◽  
◽  
M Nyagaya ◽  
DP Mamiro ◽  
T Jumbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dietary Minerals ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Bean Leaves

Varieties of legumes are recognized as an important source of protein and dietary minerals by a number of ethnic groups in East, South and Central Africa. Among the legume that is preferred b y most Africans are the bean varieties . Beans are consumed in many forms: the young leaves, green pods, and fresh bean grains are used as vegetables; dry bean grains are used in various food preparations, and both are used as relish or side dishes together with the staple food. Apart from alleviating food insecurity, the bean leaves , green bean pods and fresh bean grains are good sources of micronutrients especially iron and zinc . Thirty eight varieties of beans deemed to be rich in minerals iron and zinc collected from a n umber of locations in East and Central Africa were brought from University of Nairobi and multiplied at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro. Bean leaves and fresh beans grains were picked for analysis after the plants reached three weeks and two months, respectively. Iron and zinc content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after ashing the samples. Analysis showed that leaves had significantly (P<0.05) more iron than the fresh bean grains. For bean leaves, Maharagi soja had the highest level of iron (1653.9 mg/100g) followed by Nain De Kiondo (1061.1 mg/100g). Similarly, Maharagi soja had the highest level of zinc (40.8 mg/100g), followed by Kiangara (40.5 mg/100g). Variety HRS 545 fresh bean grains , had the highest level of iron(1114.0 mg/100g) followed by Ituri Matata (983.4 g/100g) while highest zinc content was found in HRS 545 (41.1 mg/100g) followed by RWR 10 (41.1 mg/100g). These levels of minerals are significantly higher than the average amount found in dry bean grains (Fe 5.6 – 8.0 mg/100g) and (Zn 1.7 - 2.0 mg/100g). Creating more awareness and encouraging the utilization of bean leaves and fresh bean grains will contribute in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies especially among the vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and resource-poor families.

scholarly journals The influence of honey enrichment with bee pollen or bee bread on the content of selected mineral components in multifloral honey

10.5219/1329 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 874-880
Author(s):  
Celina Habryka ◽  
Robert Socha ◽  
Lesław Juszczak
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atomic Spectrometry ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Multifloral Honey

Bee products, such as honey, pollen, and bee bread, are an excellent source of bioactive ingredients, including minerals, having a health-supporting effect. However, due to the specific sensory properties of bee pollen and bee bread, the best way to include them in a diet is to add them to honey. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the added bee pollen or bee bread on selected minerals content in multifloral honey. The mineral content was analyzed using absorption atomic spectrometry (FAAS) with prior dry mineralization. On the basis of obtained results, it was found that the addition of bee pollen or bee bread to honey significantly influences the content of selected macro- and microelements, excluding sodium. The greatest increase in mineral content was observed for magnesium, iron, and zinc. Enrichment of honey with the highest dose of bee pollen or bee bread resulted in an over 20-fold increase in the Mg and Fe content, and an over 14-fold increase in the Zn content. Honey enriched with the maximum addition of bee pollen was characterized by a higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu compared to honey with bee bread. Due to a fact that both bee pollen and bee bread are good sources of minerals, their addition to honey significantly increases its ability to cover daily demand for macro- and microelements.

scholarly journals Promotor Anchored - RAPD Analysis of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Accessions Selected For High Iron and Zinc Content

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Gangtire ◽  
Nakul D. Magar ◽  
Vaibhav Khelurkar ◽  
Mangesh P. Moharil ◽  
P. V. Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is nutri-cereal crop having it is rich in β-carotene, vitamin B-complex and micronutrients like minerals. In the present research, we have studied biochemical properties and molecular profiling to identify the core set of foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.) accessions for high Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content. Total seventy-nine accessions and selected mutants variety PS4 of foxtail millet were used. The biochemical investigation revealed that accessions M2-106, IC120407, M3-61/HB-13, and IC120255 consist of high iron and zinc content. The genetic variability among the genotypes was revealed by 28 Promoter Anchored Amplified Polymorphic (PAAP-RAPD) primers of which OPE9+GC1, OPE9+CA1, UBC001+CA1, UBC001+TA1, UBC693+G1 showed 100% polymorphism, whereas UBC693+GC1 and OPE7+G1 showed 88% and 80% polymorphism, respectively, with an average of 45.95 % polymorphism. Total alleles per locus were 3.31, whereas, the average number of monomorphic and polymorphic alleles were 1.72 and 1.56, respectively. The extent of polymorphic information content (PIC) of PAAP-RAPD loci ranged from 0.5 to 0.87 with an average value of 0.41. For PAAP-RAPD, the maximum PIC value was observed in marker UBC693+GC1 (0.87 %) and the minimum were OPE5+CA1 and OPE9+CA1 (0.5 %). Molecular characterizations result showing highest similarity (0.932) between accessions Shrilakshmi and Prasad, whereas, the lowest similarity coefficient was observed between IC120255 and M3-75/AM-1 (0.697) with PS4.UPGMA dendrogram grouped the foxtail millet accessions in five clusters which marked high diversity in M3-61/HB-13 and M3-75/AM-1. It implies that PAAP-RAPD markers are significantly screened in the foxtail millet accessions and have enumerated high genetic diversity.

Essential Elements in Unprocessed and Processed Frankfurters

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. MARRIOTT ◽  
A. LOPEZ ◽  
H. L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Element Loss ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Content of 16 essential elements was determined in three kinds of frankfurters by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The element content of frankfurter batter was compared with processed frankfurters. There were larger (P&lt;0.05) amounts of sodium in beef; colbalt, manganese and sodium in chicken; and manganese, potassium and sodium in meat frankfurters (beef and pork) after processing. Chicken samples contained less (P&lt;0.05) chloride and potassium after processing. All frankfurters studied were superior sources of iron and zinc and fair sources of potassium when compared to other foodstuffs. Element retention ranged from 80.9% to over 100%. Data suggest that processing had minimal effects on element loss.

ZINC AND MANGANESE CONTENTS OF MICRO-DISSECTED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF SOME RODENTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niilo Havu ◽  
Gillis Lundgren ◽  
Sture Falkmer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

ABSTRACT By a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry procedure, using a graphite furnace, it was possible to assay the contents of zinc and manganese in micro-dissected pancreatic islets of several rodents. Interest was focused upon the islets of guinea-pigs, due to the fact that guinea-pig insulin lacks a histidine residue in the B10 position of the molecule which normally binds zinc (or other heavy metals) in the hexamer formation, probably involved in the storage of insulin. Both the zinc and manganese contents were too low in the guinea-pig islet parenchyma to be reasonably involved in the storage of insulin in the β-granules. Instead, it was suggested that guinea-pig insulin, like hagfish insulin, might crystallize without access to zinc or other heavy metals. Low zinc and manganese contents were also observed in newborn and diabetic guinea-pigs. The islet zinc content was high in the Wistar rat, the Chinese hamster, and the spiny mouse. No significant amounts of manganese were found in any of these kinds of islet parenchyma.

scholarly journals Dihydro-orotase from Clostridium oroticum. Purification and reversible removal of essential zinc

1985 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Pettigrew ◽  
R R Bidigare ◽  
B J Mehta ◽  
M I Williams ◽  
E G Sander
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

A new purification procedure involving five column-chromatography steps is described for dihydro-orotase (L-5,6-dihydro-orotate amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.2.3) from Clostridium oroticum (A.T.C.C. 25750). The native purified enzyme is a dimer of Mr 102 000 and contains 4.0 +/- 0.3 g-atoms of zinc/mol of dimer. These observations agree with those reported previously [Taylor, Taylor, Balch & Gilchrist (1976) J. Bacteriol. 127, 863-873]. It is conclusively demonstrated that dihydro-orotase is a zinc metalloenzyme. Zinc is reversibly removed by treatment with chelators in phosphate buffer at pH 6.5, as demonstrated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and decrease of enzyme activity. The specific activity is linearly dependent on zinc content. Addition of ZnSO4 to the chelator-treated enzyme results in regain of the normal complement of zinc and enzyme activity. Kinetic properties of the reconstituted enzyme are indistinguishable from those of the native enzyme. The amino acid composition of the homogeneous enzyme suggests that the zinc atoms occupy different environments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gene Action for Grain Micronutrient Content, Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
. Nilanjaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
H Gene ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Biofortification of food crops using conventional breeding or biotechnological approach is gaining momentum to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition.  Rice is a nice choice for biofortification of grain iron and zinc content as this is a cheap and chief staple food for millions of peoples world-wide particularly the poor. In present study, generation mean analysis was done to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene effects for grain iron and zinc content in rice cross Khusisoi-RI-Sareku × IR 91175-27-1-3-1-3.  Scaling test and Joint scaling test indicated the influence of epistasis on the expression of yield, its component traits and grain Fe and Zn content and inadequacy of additive-dominance model to explain the variation in different generations. Dominance [h] gene effect was of higher magnitude as compared to additive [d] gene effect for both grain iron and grain zinc content.  Additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance component was significant for both grain Fe and Zn content, whereas dominance × dominance component was predominant for both grain Fe and Zn content. Dominance [h] gene effect and dominance × dominance interaction acted in opposite directions, indicating duplicate type of gene action controlling the expression of both grain Fe and grain Zn content which could be a bottleneck to exploit heterosis. Heterosis breeding and recombination breeding with postponement of selection till later generations, could be effective in improving both grain Fe and grain Zn content in rice.

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