scholarly journals Contribution of minerals from fresh kidney bean leaves and grains in meals consumed in East, South and Central Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6479-6489
Author(s):  
PM Mamiro ◽  
◽  
M Nyagaya ◽  
DP Mamiro ◽  
T Jumbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dietary Minerals ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Bean Leaves

Varieties of legumes are recognized as an important source of protein and dietary minerals by a number of ethnic groups in East, South and Central Africa. Among the legume that is preferred b y most Africans are the bean varieties . Beans are consumed in many forms: the young leaves, green pods, and fresh bean grains are used as vegetables; dry bean grains are used in various food preparations, and both are used as relish or side dishes together with the staple food. Apart from alleviating food insecurity, the bean leaves , green bean pods and fresh bean grains are good sources of micronutrients especially iron and zinc . Thirty eight varieties of beans deemed to be rich in minerals iron and zinc collected from a n umber of locations in East and Central Africa were brought from University of Nairobi and multiplied at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro. Bean leaves and fresh beans grains were picked for analysis after the plants reached three weeks and two months, respectively. Iron and zinc content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after ashing the samples. Analysis showed that leaves had significantly (P<0.05) more iron than the fresh bean grains. For bean leaves, Maharagi soja had the highest level of iron (1653.9 mg/100g) followed by Nain De Kiondo (1061.1 mg/100g). Similarly, Maharagi soja had the highest level of zinc (40.8 mg/100g), followed by Kiangara (40.5 mg/100g). Variety HRS 545 fresh bean grains , had the highest level of iron(1114.0 mg/100g) followed by Ituri Matata (983.4 g/100g) while highest zinc content was found in HRS 545 (41.1 mg/100g) followed by RWR 10 (41.1 mg/100g). These levels of minerals are significantly higher than the average amount found in dry bean grains (Fe 5.6 – 8.0 mg/100g) and (Zn 1.7 - 2.0 mg/100g). Creating more awareness and encouraging the utilization of bean leaves and fresh bean grains will contribute in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies especially among the vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and resource-poor families.

scholarly journals Diversity of Iron and Zinc Content in Bananas from East and Central Africa

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Michael Pillay ◽  
Robert Fungo
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Bananas and plantains (Musa sp.) are major staple foods in many developing countries of the world. Although bananas are rich in carbohydrate, fiber, protein, fat, and vitamins A, C, and B6 they are largely deficient of iron (Fe), iodine, and zinc (Zn). A small increase in the micronutrient content of bananas could play a major role in combating disorders that are due to deficiency of mineral micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. The objective of this study was to determine the Fe and Zn content of 47 banana genotypes from a germplasm collection in Uganda using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Fe and Zn content showed wide variability and highly significant differences (P < 0.001) within and among the different banana categories selected for this study. The highest average Fe content (1.42 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Saba’ (ABB) while the least Fe content (0.06 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Kikundi’ (AAA). The highest average Zn content (1.21 mg/100 g) among the analyzed accessions was found in ‘Kivuvu’ (ABB) while Zn was not detectable in both ‘Kabucuragye’ (AAA) and ‘Grand Naine’ (AAA). Considering these figures, there is a greater than 20-fold variation in the Fe and Zn levels of the banana genotypes used this study suggesting that genetic improvement of genotypes for enhanced micronutrient levels may be achieved by breeding.

scholarly journals Breeding Progress for Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc Biofortification, Drought Tolerance, and Sweetpotato Virus Disease Resistance in Sweetpotato

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. M. Mwanga ◽  
Jolien Swanckaert ◽  
Guilherme da Silva Pereira ◽  
Maria I. Andrade ◽  
Godwill Makunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Sweetpotato is a resilient food crop with great potential to contribute to reduced hunger in the world. Sweetpotato shows significant potential to contribute to reducing the Global Hunger Index, which reflects deficiencies in calories and micronutrients based on the components of hunger, undernourishment, under-five mortality rate, stunting and wasting. Its genetic diversity has been harnessed through breeding to increase vitamin A, iron, and zinc content, virus resistance and climate resilience for the world's food needs. Africa and India are the most food-insecure regions. The main objectives of this research were to: provide information and a knowledge base on sweetpotato breeding in Africa for biofortification of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, drought tolerance and virus resistance; recommend procedures for generating new breeding populations and varieties; and develop new tools, technologies and methods for sweetpotato improvement. The research was implemented between 2009 and 2020 in 14 collaborating African countries using introduced and local genotypes. The redesigned accelerated breeding scheme resulted in increased genetic gains for vitamin A, iron, zinc contents and virus resistance, and the release by sub-Saharan African countries of 158 varieties; 98 of them orange-fleshed; 55 varieties bred by an accelerated breeding scheme; 27 drought-tolerant and two with enhanced iron and zinc content. Our experience has demonstrated that through the use of more optimized, standardized and collaborative breeding procedures by breeding programs across Africa, it is possible to speed official sweetpotato variety release and contribute to reducing the severe micronutrient deficiencies on the continent.

Iron and Zinc Bioaccessibility from Sprouted, Malted and Fermented Grains as Influenced by Disodium EDTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
H. E. Shweatha ◽  
Kalpana Platel
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Fermented Grains

In view of the widespread prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, there is a need to evolve food-based strategies to enhance their bioavailability from predominantly vegetarian diets. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA), a known metal chelator, has been previously found to enhance the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from fortified millet flours. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of EDTA on the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from germinated, fermented and malted food grains. EDTA was added to the processed foods at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2, relative to inherent iron and zinc content. EDTA significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of iron from all the processed foods examined, this beneficial effect being highly significant in the germinated and malted grains and significantly higher than the effect of the processing method per se. In the fermented foods, the effect of EDTA was to a lesser extent, except in the case of dhokla, where it was significant. EDTA significantly increased the bioaccessibility of zinc from malted grains, but this increase was only marginal in germinated and fermented grains. Germinated and fermented foods are a common part of Indian diets and are widely consumed, while malted grains find use in the preparation of weaning and geriatric foods. The results of this investigation have shown that EDTA could be used as an enhancer of bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from such traditionally processed foods. This strategy could also be adopted at the household level to improve mineral bioavailability from foods.

Optimization of the micronutrients sufficiency of feeding women and children on exclusively breastfeeding by enriching of the woman diet

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Vera M. Kodentsova ◽  
Dmitry V. Risnik ◽  
Stanislav V. Pavlovich ◽  
Olga B. Ladodo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Group B

A significant part of pregnant and lactating women have a lack of several micronutrients at once (vitamin D, group B, iodine, iron, etc.). The secretion of vitamins A, E, D, C, B1, B2, B6, B12, iodine and selenium into breast milk decreases with their insufficient consumption and insufficient provision of the nursing mother. The content of folates, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus in breast milk is maintained even if they are insufficient in the mother, however, enriching the diet with them during breastfeeding, improving the status of the mother, prevents the depletion of reserves in her body. The iron and zinc content in breast milk is determined by the mothers status during pregnancy. The intake of vitamin-mineral supplements or food products enriched with micronutrients during the pregravid period, during pregnancy and lactation leads to an improvement in the provision of a woman and her child by increasing the content of vitamins, iodine and selenium in breast milk. The use of vitamin-mineral supplements is an effective way not only to eliminate multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the diet and improve the status of a lactating woman, but also to optimize the vitamin composition of breast milk and the provision of an exclusively breastfed baby.

scholarly journals The role of iron and zinc in cognitive development of children

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Ruhina Binta A Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Frequent Consumption

The effects of iron and zinc on cognitive, motor and behavioral development are on children is scientifically accepted and concentrates on the more recent work, some previous work and areas of controversy. There are well established associations with poor development and iron and zinc deficiency in food source but the deficiencies usually occur in disadvantaged circumstances and establishing causal relationships is not easy. The health and well being of children depend upon the interaction between their genetic potential and exogenous factors like adequacy of nutrition, safety of the environment, social interaction and other childhood activity. Both proteins-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of death from common diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and measles. Iron deficiency anemia, for example, is estimated to affect almost 25% of the world’s population resulting in high economic cost by adding to the burden on health care services, affecting learning in school. Dietary practices frequently seen in children from both developed and developing countries, leading to frequent consumption of nutrient poor foods, may also put them at risk of micronutrient deficiencies.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 145-151

Genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 4150-4164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa M Naik ◽  
Anitha K Raman ◽  
Minnuru Nagamallika ◽  
Challa Venkateshwarlu ◽  
Suresh Prasad Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Moisture Regimes on Seed Iron and Zinc Concentration of Biofortified Bean Genotypes against Malnutrition in Sud-Kivu Highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casinga Mubasi Clérisse ◽  
Neema Ciza Angélique ◽  
Kajibwami Cikuru Marie-Angélique ◽  
Nabahungu Nshwarasi Leon ◽  
Mambani Banda Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Main Factor

This study investigated the influence of three soil moisture irrigation regimes on concentration of seed iron and zinc content of four biofortified bean varieties promoted for eradication of malnutrition in Sud-Kivu highlands. A field experiment was conducted in the Hogola marsh highlands during two cultural seasons B2013 and B2014. The experiment design was a RCBD with a split plot arrangement where the main plots were 110 m2 and split plots 20 m2. A strategic application of homogenisation of the experimental site’s soil fertility by chemical fertilizers of the type: CaCO3, KCl and DAP was conducted out. Four biofortified varieties (CODMLB001, RWR2245, HM21-7 and RWK10) constituted main factor, while water regimes respectively [bottom of the slope: R1 = 48% soil moisture, at the middle of the slope R2 = 37% soil moisture and at the top of the slope: R3 = 29% soil moisture according to the gradient of humidity] represented secondary factor and seasonality, tertiary factor. The study showed that the concentrations of iron and zinc were highly correlated with soil moisture regimes. The variety HM21-7 demonstrated better adaptability because it showed a low rate of reduction of iron and zinc concentration under the three soil moisture regimes and was therefore best suited to fight malnutrition in the Sud-Kivu province.

scholarly journals Nutritional and cooking properties of some rice varieties in Noakhali region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Kazi Ishrat Anjum ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Gel Consistency

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and cooking properties of some rice varieties collected from the farmers of Noakhali region of Bangladesh. Noakhali district is situated in the coastal belt of the country and this area also termed as ‘char’ land. All of the selected varieties were grown in saline soil condition. For assessment of nutritional quality, protein, iron and zinc content were estimated. The protein, iron and zinc content ranged from 6.75 to 8.63%, 7.09 to 9.84ppm, 24.52 to 32.34ppm, respectively. The highest amount of protein, iron and zinc were found in Kajalshail variety. All of the rice varieties showed significant variation for all cooking properties studied in this work. The volume expansion ratio (VER) was varied from 1.89 to 2.20. The kernel elongation ratio (KER) was greater than 1.1 in all varieties except Carandol. On cooking Kajalshail variety exhibited highest VER and KER 2.20 and 1.19, respectively. Based on the gel consistency (GC) test, the average GC values ranged from 39.73 to 92.53mm and varieties were categorized as hard, medium and soft. On the basis of alkali spreading value (ASV) the varieties were classified into three groups namely- low, intermediate and high. ASV was found significantly and negatively correlated with gelatinization temperature (GT). The Kajalshail variety was found to have the better nutritional and cooking quality among all varieties. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 235-243, August 2019

scholarly journals Evaluation of Recombinant Inbred Lines for Higher Iron and Zinc Content Along with Yield and Quality Parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maini Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kasturi Majumder ◽  
Sabyasachi Kundagrami ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice is one of the most important staple food crops for billions of people throughout the world. It is the cheapest source of dietary energy, protein and minerals for people but poor in micronutrients such as Fe and Zn to eliminate “hidden hunger”. In the present study, a population of 126recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between Lemont X Satabdi (IET 4786) were used to identify high iron and zinc content coupled with yield and yield attributing traits. Analysis of Variance revealed that a considerable variation in iron and zinc existed among genotypes. The correlation study revealed that number of filled grain was positively associated with panicle length and yield per plant and number of panicles, but no significant positive correlation was observed between grain zinc content and iron content. Zinc and iron content of rice was estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the samples were prepared by tri-acid digestion method. Among RIL lines, the line 57, 97,120, 48, 99, 124 contained more than 30 ppm Fe and the lines 24, 6, 9, 23, 29, 125 were found to possess more than 50 ppm Zn. The lines 9,6,48 and 57 were recorded to be high yielding with high zinc and Fe content in grain and in future these four lines look promising for multi location trial also. These high Fe and Zn content genotypes can be utilized in future breeding programme as a donor or good source for bio fortification of rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Immunobiology of mild micronutrient deficiencies

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (S2) ◽  
pp. S75-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bhaskaram
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Nutrition is a critical determinant of the outcome of host microbe interactions through a modulation of the immune response. Besides macronutrient malnutrition, deficiencies of several macronutrients also influence immune homeostasis and thus affect infection-related morbidity and mortality. Deficiencies of micronutrients like vitamin A, iron and zinc are widely prevalent among populations living in developing countries. Besides their severe deficiencies, subclinical deficiencies are known to impair biological functions in the host, immune function being one of them. The effects of these micronutrients on various immune mechanisms are briefly reviewed in this article.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document