scholarly journals Establishment of Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Two Perovskia Selections by Chronological Age

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Number

The objective of this study was to determine optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and establish leaf tissue nutrient standards of containerized Russian sage (Perovskia sp.). Common Russian sage (P. atriplicifolia Benth.) and ‘Crazy Blue’ Russian sage were greenhouse-grown in a soilless substrate under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of a water-soluble micronutrient blend. Fertilizer concentrations sufficient for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, primary shoot caliper, axillary shoot number, and total dry mass; they were found to be 100 to 200 mg·L−1 N after a 6-week crop cycle. Recently, mature leaf tissue samples were collected from plants fertilized with 100 to 200 mg·L−1 N and analyzed for elemental contents of 11 nutrients at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after transplant (WAT). An overall trend of increasing foliar nutrient concentrations over time was observed for all elemental nutrients. For instance, at 2 WAT, the total N concentrations of common Russian sage and ‘Crazy Blue’ Russian sage ranged between 3.68% and 5.10% and between 3.92% and 5.12%, respectively, and increased to ranges of 5.94% to 5.98% and 5.20% to 5.86% at 6 WAT, respectively. Before this study, no leaf tissue concentration standards have been reported; therefore, this study established leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges for the trialed Perovskia selections.

scholarly journals Hibiscus Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges by Chronological Age

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469
Author(s):  
William Garrett Owen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N

Perennial hibiscus (Hibiscus sp.) are popular summer-flowering plants that are grown in greenhouses or nurseries, where growers must optimize production inputs such as fertility to maximize plant growth and produce high-quality flowering crops. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of Hibiscus hybrid L. (hibiscus) grown in soilless substrates during container production. Two cultivars of hibiscus (H. hybrid L. ‘Mocha Moon’ and ‘Starry Starry Night’) were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. The fertilizer concentrations sufficient for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index (GI), primary shoot caliper (PSC), and total dry mass, and they were found to be 100–300 mg·L−1 N after an 8-week crop cycle. Recently, mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 12 nutrients at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 100–300 mg·L−1 N. An overall trend of increasing sufficient tissue concentration over time was observed for total N, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B), whereas a decreasing trend was observed for potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al). For instance, at 2 WAT, total N ranged from 3.1% to 5.1% N and increased to a range of 4.2% to 4.7% N at 8 WAT. At 2 WAT, Fe and Mn ranged from 79.2 to 103.6 mg·L−1 Fe and 66.3–82.8 mg·L−1 Mn and decreased to ranges of 75.6–82.9 mg·L−1 Fe and 18.1–99.7 mg·L−1 Mn at 8 WAT, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically-based study were narrower than previously reported survey values for the genera Hibiscus.

scholarly journals Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Four Heuchera Cultivars by Chronological Age

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Black Beauty

Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) are popular herbaceous perennials grown for their colorful foliage and venation and their aesthetic appeal in mixed containers and landscapes. Commercial coral bell production requires greenhouse or nursery growers to optimize production inputs such as managing mineral nutrition, thereby maximizing plant growth potential and foliage color. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of coral bells grown in soilless substrates during container production. Coral bells (H. hybrida ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Cherry Cola’, ‘Marmalade’, and ‘Peppermint Spice’), varying in leaf color, were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. Fertilizer concentrations for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, and total dry mass, and were found to be 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N after a nine-week crop cycle. Recently mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 11 nutrients at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N. The black- (‘Black Beauty’) and red- (‘Cherry Cola’) colored-leaved cultivars contained higher total N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) than the orange- (‘Marmalade’) and green- (‘Peppermint Spice’) colored-leaved cultivars. For instance, in mature growth, total N concentration for ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Cherry Cola’ ranged between 3.45 to 3.63% and 3.92% to 4.18% N, respectively, whereas for ‘Marmalade’ and ‘Peppermint Spice’, ranges were between 2.98% to 3.25% and 2.78% to 3.23% N, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically based study were narrower and often times higher than previously reported survey values for coral bells.

EFFECTS OF BORON, MOLYBDENUM AND LIME ON YIELD AND LEAF TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF GREEN PEAS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tissue Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Green Peas

The effects of preplant soil applications of B, Mo and dolomitic limestone on yields and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations of Rally peas were investigated at five locations with initial soil pH levels of 5.1–5.9. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive growing seasons at each location. All treatments were preplant incorporated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with five replicates. Yields of shelled peas, adjusted to tenderometer 100, varied between experiments from 1.1 to 4.8 × 103 kg ha−1 and were not generally affected by B, Mo or lime at application rates of 2.0, 0.25 and 10 000 kg ha−1, respectively. Also, the micronutrient and lime treatments had no significant effects on germination, vine length, pea/vine ratio or maturity. Leaf tissue B, Mo and Mg concentrations were increased by the applications of B, Mo and dolomitic limestone, respectively. However, leaf tissue Ca concentration was not affected by the lime treatment. The results indicate that leaf tissue concentrations of 16–74 μg g−1 B, 0.04–1.34 μg g−1 Mo and 0.23–0.55% Mg were within the sufficiency range.Key words: Peas, boron, molybdenum, dolomitic limestone, yield, leaf tissue concentration

EFFECT OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HANSON ◽  
AMR. A. ISMAIL ◽  
ROLAND A. STRUCHTEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned mechanically by flail mowing, or thermally by oil burning in the spring or fall. The pruning treatments had no effect on soil organic matter or pH. Leaf tissue samples taken from burned plants the first growing season after pruning were higher in N and P, but lower in Ca than leaf samples from mowed plants. Leaf tissue samples taken the second growing season following pruning were not influenced by treatments.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Trinexapac-ethyl Applications for Managing ‘Diamond’ Zoysiagrass Putting Greens in the Transition Zone, U.S.

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Menchyk ◽  
Douglas G. Bielenberg ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
Clint Waltz ◽  
Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Total N ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Green Performance ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
N Fertility

As a result of the increasing popularity of fine-leafed zoysiagrasses on golf courses, a 2-year field study was conducted to assess ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] putting green performance at The Cliff’s Communities Turfgrass Research Facility in Marietta, SC. Factors included four nitrogen (N) fertility rates and two trinexapac-ethyl (TE) regimes. Foliar applications of 0, 4.9, 9.8, and 14.7 kg·ha−1 N were made once weekly for 7 and 15 weeks in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Trinexapac-ethyl was tank-mixed and applied weekly for 7 weeks during July to August at 0 or 0.017 kg a.i./ha totaling 0.120 kg a.i./ha for both growing seasons. Putting green performance was measured by assessing turf quality (TQ), ball roll distance (BRD), surface firmness (SF), leaf tissue nutrient concentrations, and thatch accumulation. Turfgrasses receiving 4.9 kg N/ha weekly exhibited acceptable TQ and greater SF and BRD than plots receiving 14.7 kg N/ha weekly on all rating dates in 2010 before seasonal dormancy. Trinexapac-ethyl reduced clipping yield by 15% to 43% and influenced BRD, SF, and tissue nutrient concentration across the 2-year study. Surface firmness decreased as total N input increased during the 2010 growing season and is presumably the result of an increase in leaf tissue causing a cushioned putting surface. Linear regression of thatch accumulation and SF were analyzed and found to be significant at four rating dates in 2010 indicating that as thatch organic matter increased, SF decreased. Nitrogen input for ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass putting greens grown in the transition zone should begin at 73.5 kg·ha−1/year with supplemental N applications applied as needed.

scholarly journals Distribution of Aromatic Volatiles in Young, Recently Matured, Matured and Old Leaves of Ginger (Zingiber officinales) by Electronic Nose

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Ravi ◽  
. Sunil ◽  
Dharma Pitchay
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
State University ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Near Future

Aims: Ginger aromatic volatiles generally extracted and quantified by various laboratory techniques analysis and instruments. Possibility of few highly volatiles loss coupled with the formation of different compounds during various extraction process due to changes in the natural chemical profiles of the ginger tissue samples. Thus, a study was carried out to explore and quantify the distribution of various natural volatiles present in young, recently matured, matured and old leaves of ginger. Study Design: Ginger seedlings and plants were grown in 100% biochar substrate and fertigated with 50 mg.L-1 of 20% N:4.3% P:16.6% K water soluble fertilizer. Five months old ginger plant leaves were harvested and washed with distilled water and separated by various physiological leaf stages. Place and Duration of Study: Tennessee State University, Nashville, USA. Methodology: Aromatic volatiles were analyzed and quantified by using Alpha Soft V14 electronic nose. Volatiles with more than 1% concentration by fresh mass were 20, 21, 20, and 29 in young, recently matured, matured and old leaves respectively. Results: Young, recently matured, matured and old leaves of ginger showed major volatiles  like benzaldehyde, 1, 8- cineole, myrcene, butane-2, 3-dione, 1 S-α- pinene, Z-3-Hexen-1-ol acetate, butanol and 1-Propanal, 2-methyl- volatiles were identified. A significant variation in the composition, quantity and distribution of volatiles was found across the various leaf tissue samples of ginger. Conclusion: The distribution of aromatic volatiles in this study would provide better insight and guidance to the consumers for maximum utilization ginger plant tissues beside rhizome; as a source of aromatic volatiles. Utilization of other plant tissues especially could be considered as an important byproduct will definitely contribute to the sustainability of ginger production and marketing in the near future.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Nutrient Status of Two Degraded Upland Soils in Samar, Philippines

2015 ◽  
pp. 142-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Asio ◽  
Kier Lambert Demain ◽  
Dernie Olguera ◽  
Leo Jude Villasica
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
Upland Soils

The study evaluated the morpho-physical, chemical, and biological characteristics as well as the nutrient status of two degraded upland soils located in Sta. Rita, Western Samar and in Salcedo, Eastern Samar. Soil profiles were examined and soil erosion was determined. Composite soil and plant tissue samples were collected from different vegetation cover or crops planted by the farmers. All laboratory analyses were done following standard procedures. Results indicate that: 1) the Sta. Rita soil which is relatively younger than the Salcedo soil shows less severe degree of degradation than the Salcedo soil; 2) the nutrient status of the degraded upland soils in Sta. Rita and Salcedo are low; 3) the low nutrient status is more severe in the Salcedo than in the Sta. Rita ;4) both sites have strongly acidic soils which are low in OM, total N, and available P contents; 5) considerable variations in the soil nutrient status were observed under different vegetation covers or crops; 6) soil erosion the appears to be major soil degradation process in both degraded uplands; 7) the low nutrient concentrations in the tissues of the plants growing at the sites reflect the low nutrient status of the soils; and 8) bulk density, porosity, aggregate stability, soil pH, organic matter, and carbon dioxide evolution appear to be good indicators of soil degradation.

scholarly journals Potential nutrient-response curves and sufficiency ranges of ‘Grande Naine’ banana cultivated in two environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Alves Rodrigues Filho ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Bruno Vinícius Castro Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nutrient Response

Abstract Adequate plant nutrition is essential to attain higher yields. The objective was to determine potential-nutrient response curves and sufficiency ranges using the boundary line approach and balance indices of Kenworthy for interpreting the nutritional status of ‘Grand Nain’ banana cultivated in two environments. The study was carried out using a database containing leaf nutrient concentrations and yields of bananas cultivated on two areas located in Missão Velha-CE, and Ponto Novo-BA, Brazil. Plots with high-yielding plants, which were those with yields above average plus 0.5 standard deviation, were used atem as reference population. The database was subdivided into two sets. One of them contained 46 leaf tissue samples and reference population with yield greater than 58.84 Mg ha-1 year-1, in Missão Velha-CE. The second data set contained 19 samples and reference population with yield greater than 76.12 Mg ha-1 year-1 in Ponto Novo-BA. Potential response curves were fitted to the relationship between relative yield and leaf element concentrations and balance indices of Kenworthy. Models expressed high predictive power. Sufficiency ranges for macro- and micronutrient concentrations and balance indices of Kenworthy were established. The ranges allow an improved nutritional status assessment of irrigated ‘Grand Nain’ bananas.

scholarly journals How Well Do Critical Nitrogen Concentrations Work for Cabbage, Carrot, and Onion Crops?

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Westerveld ◽  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
Cynthia D. Scott-Dupree ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
N Requirement

With the introduction of nutrient management legislation in Ontario, there is a need to improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization. One possibility is to use critical nutrient concentrations in plant tissue as an indicator of the N nutritional status of the crop. Plant tissue analysis was used to determine the total N and nitrate-N (NO3-N) concentrations of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), carrots (Daucus carota L.), and onions (Allium cepa L.) grown in Ontario. The tissue samples were collected from plants as part of N fertilization studies from 1999 to 2001 on the organic soils in the Holland/Bradford Marsh area and the mineral soils near Simcoe, Ontario. Yield was assessed at harvest as an indicator of the N requirement of the crop. Testing the usefulness of critical NO3-N concentrations to indicate the N requirement of the crop was problematic because: 1) few published references were available to indicate a critical level of NO3-N in these crops; 2) tissue NO3-N concentrations were highly variable; and 3) field data rarely matched published references. Tissue total N concentrations from the trials corresponded to published critical N concentrations in some cases, however, the use of published critical N concentrations would have resulted in either over or under-application of fertilizer to the crops. Cultivar, soil type, and climate were shown to affect tissue N concentrations. Based on these results it was concluded that local research and field verification is required before tissue N critical nutrient concentrations become useful for determining fertilizer needs of cabbage, carrots, and onions grown in Ontario.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Concentration Affects Growth and Foliar Elemental Concentration of Strobilanthes dyerianus

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Erin E. Gamrod ◽  
Holly L. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Grown as an annual in most of the United States, Strobilanthes dyerianus Mast. has become increasingly popular in summer landscapes partially due to its superior performance in hot and humid conditions. At present, there is no published research on the nutritional requirements of S. dyerianus. Our study examined growth and foliar elemental response to different levels of fertilizer. Rooted cuttings were transplanted and grown with 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L–1 N from 5N–2.2 P–12.4 K fertilizer as constant liquid feed. Plants were irrigated whenever the volumetric water content of the substrate was <20% as determined with a Theta Probe moisture meter. Weekly pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored using the pour through method. Eight weeks after initiation of treatment, dry weight and leaf area was measured. Recently mature leaf tissue was analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, and Mo. There were no significant differences in plant quality under the 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L–1 N treatments. The largest plants, based on leaf area and shoot dry weight, were produced with 200 mg·L–1 N. Compared to recommended EC levels for bedding plants, the treatments receiving 300 and 400 mg·L–1 N had excessively high levels of substrate soluble salts though overall plant quality was not reduced. The increase in fertilizer concentration yielded a linear increase in tissue concentration of N, P, and K and a linear decrease in tissue concentration of Ca and Mg.

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