scholarly journals Fertilizer Concentration Affects Growth and Foliar Elemental Concentration of Strobilanthes dyerianus

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Erin E. Gamrod ◽  
Holly L. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Grown as an annual in most of the United States, Strobilanthes dyerianus Mast. has become increasingly popular in summer landscapes partially due to its superior performance in hot and humid conditions. At present, there is no published research on the nutritional requirements of S. dyerianus. Our study examined growth and foliar elemental response to different levels of fertilizer. Rooted cuttings were transplanted and grown with 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L–1 N from 5N–2.2 P–12.4 K fertilizer as constant liquid feed. Plants were irrigated whenever the volumetric water content of the substrate was <20% as determined with a Theta Probe moisture meter. Weekly pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored using the pour through method. Eight weeks after initiation of treatment, dry weight and leaf area was measured. Recently mature leaf tissue was analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, and Mo. There were no significant differences in plant quality under the 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L–1 N treatments. The largest plants, based on leaf area and shoot dry weight, were produced with 200 mg·L–1 N. Compared to recommended EC levels for bedding plants, the treatments receiving 300 and 400 mg·L–1 N had excessively high levels of substrate soluble salts though overall plant quality was not reduced. The increase in fertilizer concentration yielded a linear increase in tissue concentration of N, P, and K and a linear decrease in tissue concentration of Ca and Mg.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pearman ◽  
S. M. Thomas ◽  
G. N. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

scholarly journals Responses of Tomato to Potassium Rates in a Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality

Florida produces the most vegetables in the United States during the winter season with favorable weather conditions. However, vegetables grown on calcareous soils in Florida have no potassium (K) fertilizer recommendation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of K rates on leaf tissue K concentration (LTKC), plant biomass, fruit yield, and postharvest quality of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown on a calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2014 and 2015 in Homestead, FL. Potassium fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 56, 93, 149, 186, and 223 kg·ha−1 of K and divided into preplant dry fertilizer and fertigation during the season. No deficiency of LTKC was found at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) in both years. Potassium rates lower than 149 kg·ha−1 resulted in deficient LTKC at 95 DAT in 2014. No significant responses to K rates were observed in plant (leaf, stem, and root combined) dry weight biomass at all the sampling dates in both years. However, at 95 DAT, fruit dry weight biomass increased with increasing K rates to 130 and 147 kg·ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicated by the linear-plateau models in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Predicted from quadratic and linear-plateau models, K rates of 173 and 178 kg·ha−1 were considered as the optimum rates for total season marketable yields in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Postharvest qualities, including fruit firmness, pH, and total soluble solids (TSS) content, were not significantly affected by K rates in both years. Overall, K rate of 178 kg·ha−1 was sufficient to grow tomato during the winter season in calcareous soils with 78 to 82 mg·kg−1 of ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)-extracted K in Florida.

scholarly journals Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ademola Adetunji ◽  
Sershen ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Norman Pammenter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Aged Seeds

Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.

scholarly journals Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schuch ◽  
Richard A. Redak ◽  
James Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on early plant growth in ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Eagling ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Measurements were made on the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on the early growth of four commercial cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) under two different temperatures (24�C and 16�C). At 24'C, BYDV infection was associated with reduced root dry weight (30-40%) in all cultivars; the effect of infection on shoot dry weight and leaf area was variable. At 16�C, the effect of BYDV infection was variable, being associated with increases in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area in one cultivar (Grasslands Ariki) and decreases in another (Victorian). In two other cultivars, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by infection with BYDV.At 24�C, the reductions in root dry weight associated with BYDV infection were not concomitant with reductions in the root relative growth rates. Up to at least 28 days after inoculation (46-50 days after germination) reductions in root dry weight were associated with both aphid-feeding damage and virus infection. Experiments with the cultivar Victorian, showed that shoot dry weight was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by feeding with viruliferous (BYDV) or non-viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). At 16�C, changes in root and shoot dry weight were associated with changes in the root and shoot relative growth rates.

Carbon Dioxide Assimilation by Pineapple Plants, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. I. Effects of Daily Irradiance

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJM Sale ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Weight Changes

Net carbon exchange over 24-h cycles was measured in well watered pineapple plants, using a 'minicrop' in field assimilation chambers and single leaves in a growth cabinet. Whole plants under natural light and a standard 30°C day/15°C night regime showed crassulacean acid metabolism, nearly all assimilation occurring in the dark period, with a net efflux of CO2 in the day. Assimilation, as measured by both CO2 exchange and changes in titratable acidity in the leaf tissue, was markedly dependent on the total photosynthetically active radiation incident in the previous photoperiod. The molar ratio of the maximum acidity change to maximum net nocturnal CO2 influx was 1.8 : 1. The rate of deacidification depended on the irradiance in the current photoperiod. Efflux in the photoperiod was largely independent of irradiance, but was greater at very low irradiances. Maximum rates of CO2 assimilation in the minicrop were about 15 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 in the dark at the standard temperature regime, and 22 ng-2 s-1 when photoperiod assimilation was induced by a 20°C day/30°C night regime. Similar rates were recorded in the single-leaf experiments, and are higher than those previously found for pineapple. Over a 24-h period, mean rates of about 6 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 were recorded, in good agreement with measured dry weight changes over an extended period. These data help to explain earlier discrepancies in the literature between measured rates of CO2 assimilation and of crop growth rates in pineapples.

Dog mustard (Erucastrum gallicum) response to crop competition

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Crop Competition

Greenhouse studies suggested that dog mustard was less competitive than wheat, but of similar competitiveness to flax. In field studies, dog mustard growth and development were markedly affected by crop competition. Competition from flax and wheat reduced dog mustard leaf area, shoot dry weight, plant height, and seed production compared with the weed grown on summer-fallow. Dog mustard was a prolific seed producer when grown in the absence of interspecific competition. On summer-fallow, dog mustard produced as many as 79,100 seeds plant−1when moisture was not a limiting factor. However, average seed production was 19,400 and 8000 seeds plant−1in 1994 and 1995, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 084-095
Author(s):  
Ogbuehi HC ◽  
Ibe PK
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A pot experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri. The treatments were control (T1) 100g (T2), 150g (T3) and 200g (T4) of water hyacinth compost and replicated four times. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot dry weight(g), yield and yield components (Number of pods, pods weight, 100 seed weight). The results obtained indicated that T3 significantly produced highest plant height (57.6cm) compare to control. While it was observed that T4 (200g) significantly produced the highest number of leaves (233.25), leaf area (631.80cm2), shoot dry weight (15.445g), number of pods (129.75), pod weights (25.38g) seed weight (7.23g) and yield (0.72kg/ha) relative to control and other treatment levels. Root parameters were also significantly improved by the rates of water hyacinth application compared to control. It will be worthy to note that there was no nodulation perhaps that was why the yield was poor. The results showed that soybean growth can effectively be improved with incorporation of water hyacinth into soil.

scholarly journals 822 PB 269 PINE BARK SOIL AMENDMENTS AND NUTRITION AFFECT GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VIBURNUM PLICATUM VAR. TOMENTOSUM `MARIESII'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 551b-551
Author(s):  
Carleton B Wood ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Water Contents

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' were planted in tilled beds and tilled beds amended with aged pine bark. After transplanting, plants were fertilized at three different rates: no fertilizer, 18.4 g of N m-2, and 36.8 g of N m-2. A 31 day drought was begun 73 days after planting. Fertilization of tilled plots induced ammonium toxicity, which caused a linear reduction in leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Fertilization of amended plots had no effect on shoot growth but reduced mot growth by 54%; thus, amendments ameliorated ammonium toxicity. Between 10 and 28 days after beginning the drought, plants in unfertilized-amended plots maintained higher relative leaf water contents (RLWC) and relative leaf expansion rates (RLER) than plants in unfertilized-tilled plots. Amendment induced nitrogen deficiencies contributed to the increased drought tolerance of plants from unfertilized-amended plots. Since fertilized plants developed symptoms of ammonium toxicity, we were unable to determine if increasing fertility would counteract the drought tolerance conferred by pine bark soil amendments.

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