Timing of Stolon Removal Alters Daughter Plant Production and Quality in the Ever-bearing Strawberry ‘Albion’

Commercial strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) plants propagate through the development of stolons (runners) with attached daughter plants. While it is known that temperature and photoperiod affect strawberry propagation, little knowledge exists on whether cultural methods may influence stolon and daughter plant development. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of three stolon removal treatments on the development of daughter plants in the ever-bearing strawberry ‘Albion’. Treatments included 1) stolon removal every 7 days, nine times total; 2) stolon removal every 21 days, three times total; and 3) one-time stolon removal after 63 days. Strawberry plants were grown in a controlled environment (26 °C, 507 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 photosynthetic photon flux density, 14-hour photoperiod) in soilless media and fertilized with a customized nutrient solution. Mother plants in the 63-day treatment produced more daughter plants (102 per plant), than in the 21-day treatment (33 per plant) and the 7-day treatment (16 per plant). In the 63-day treatment, daughter plants and stolons accumulated to 86.6% of the total biomass, to 42.9% in the 7-day treatment and to 60.6% of total biomass in the 21-day treatment. Mother plant organs (including roots, crown, and leaves) had less dry weight in the 63-day treatment compared with the 7-day treatment and 21-day treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the daughter plants produced at the 63-day treatment had smaller crown diameters (0.65 cm) and less dry weight (0.51 g) and a higher number of fully expanded leaves (2.9) and visible roots (13.4) compared with the 21-day treatment and the 7-day treatment. The results of this study show daughter plant production of strawberry plants declines significantly with shorter stolon removal intervals, indicating the need to adjust stolon removal in strawberry nurseries for optimal daughter plant production.

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Year-round Production of Flowering Calathea crocata: Influence of Light and Carbon Dioxide

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.9.897 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 897-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johan M. Van Huylenbroeck ◽

Pierre C. Debergh

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Inductive Treatment

Programmed flower induction of Calathea crocata Morr. et Joris is possible under the controlled environmental conditions of a multilayer growing room. A photoperiod of 10 hours for 9 weeks, growth at 18C, and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 71 μmol·s-l·m-2 induced flowering in more than 95% of the plants and in 50% to 80% of the shoots. In the meantime, none of the plants under natural conditions was induced. Significantly more flowers were induced when PPFD during the short-day treatment was 71 rather than 56 μmol·s-1·m-2. Flowers became visible 14 to 16 weeks after the start of the inductive treatment. Moreover, raising the CO2 concentration to 900 ppm for 5 months increased the leaf area and dry weight by 40%, and resulted in darker leaf color, longer flower stalks, and significantly accelerated flowering (10 days).

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The value of red light at night for increasing basil yield

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2017-0343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1321-1330

Author(s):

Jaimin S. Patel ◽

Leora Radetsky ◽

Mark S. Rea

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Red Light ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Light At Night ◽

Sweet Basil

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been significantly impacted by downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines. Nighttime exposure to red light has been shown to inhibit sporulation of P. belbahrii. The objective of this study was to determine if nighttime exposure to red light from light-emitting diodes (λmax = 625 nm) could increase plant growth (plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets of greenhouse experiments, red light was applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 μmol m−2 s−1 during the otherwise dark night for 10 h (from 2000 to 0600). The results demonstrate that exposure to red light at night can increase the number of basil leaves per plant, plant height, leaf size (length and width), and leaf fresh and dry weight compared with plants in darkness at night. The addition of incremental red light at night has the potential to be cost-effective for fresh organic basil production in controlled environments.

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Optimal LED Wavelength Composition for the Production of High-Quality Watermelon and Interspecific Squash Seedlings Used for Grafting

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Filippos Bantis ◽

Athanasios Koukounaras ◽

Anastasios S. Siomos ◽

Kalliopi Radoglou ◽

Christodoulos Dangitsis

Keyword(s):

Blue Emission ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Light Sources ◽

High Quality ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Watermelon is cultivated worldwide and is mainly grafted onto interspecific squash rootstocks. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be implemented as light sources during indoor production of both species and their spectral quality is of great importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal emission of LEDs with wide wavelength for the production of watermelon and interspecific squash seedlings in a growth chamber. Conditions were set at 22/20 °C temperature (day/night), 16 h photoperiod, and 85 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density. Illumination was provided by fluorescent (FL, T0) lamps or four LEDs (T1, T2, T3, and T4) emitting varying wide spectra. Watermelon seedlings had greater shoot length, stem diameter, cotyledon area, shoot dry weight-to-length (DW/L) ratio, and Dickson’s quality index (DQI) under T1 and T3, while leaf area and shoot dry weight (DW) had higher values under T1. Interspecific squash seedlings had greater stem diameter, and shoot and root DW under T1 and T3, while leaf and cotyledon areas were favored under T1. In both species, T0 showed inferior development. It could be concluded that a light source with high red emission, relatively low blue emission, and a red:far-red ratio of about 3 units seems ideal for the production of high-quality watermelon (scion) and interspecific squash (rootstock) seedlings.

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Effects of CO2 enrichment on growth of Liquidambarstyraciflua and Pinustaeda seedlings under different irradiance levels

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x84-063 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 343-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Leslie C. Tolley ◽

B. R. Strain

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

High Irradiance ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Pine Seedlings

Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to assess the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on growth and biomass partitioning of Liquidambarstyraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinustaeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings. Plants were grown from seed under high (1000 μmol•m−2•s−1) and low (250 μmol•m−2•s−1) photosynthetic photon flux density at CO2 concentrations of 350, 675, and 1000 μL•L−1 for 84 or 112–113 days. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration significantly increased height, leaf area, basal stem diameter, and total dry weight of sweetgum seedlings grown under high irradiance and to a lesser extent under low irradiance. Increases in dry matter accumulation were associated with early CO2 enhancement of net assimilation rate, but increases in amount of leaf surface area contributed more towards maintenance of larger size as seedlings aged. For sweetgum seedlings in particular, reduction of growth by low irradiance under normal atmospheric CO2 was compensated for by growing plants with elevated CO2. In contrast, elevated CO2 concentration produced no significant increase in growth of loblolly pine seedlings.

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The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots

TAP CHI SINH HOC ◽

10.15625/0866-7160/v40n1.10636 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Phan Xuan Binh Minh ◽

Bui Thi Thanh Phuong ◽

Pham Huong Son ◽

Tran Minh Hoi ◽

Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Plant Production ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Endangered Plants ◽

Operating Life ◽

Suitable Habitats

A. annamensis and A. roxburghii belong to Orchidaceae family that has medicinal and ornamental plant value. They are in extinct endangered plants in wild due to the over- collected and loss of the suitable habitats. Using the LED lighting source for culture these species in in vitro condition to optimize the culture conditions, reduction of the production cost, especially electric bill for air-corditionning, lighting. In recent years, the trial applied LED which has the feature of energy saving, small size and a longer operating life, for plant production has started. In this study, LED illumination sources are in four different wavelengths of λ= 430- 470 nm; λ= 470-510 nm; λ= 510-560 nm; λ= 560-600 nm and white fluorescent lamp as control with light intensity photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 40 µmol/m2/s photon used to study their effects on the growth and development of A. annamensis and A. roxburghii species. After 8 weeks of implementing, the results showed that the LEDs of λ= 470-510 nm were suitable for the growth and development for A. roxburghii shoots while for A. annamensis, λ = 430- 470 nm were most suitable for budding and λ= 470-510 nm for shoot growth. Citation: Phan Xuan Binh Minh, Bui Thi Thanh Phuong, Pham Huong Son, Tran Minh Hoi, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, Vu Thi Thao, 2018. The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 40(1): x-xx. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v40n1.10636. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 23 August 2017, accepted 2 December 2017

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Interaction of Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration Alters Biomass Partitioning in Chrysanthemum

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2021-0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Maral Hosseinzadeh ◽

Sasan Aliniaeifard ◽

Aida Shomali ◽

Fardad Didaran

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Growth Management ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Biomass Partitioning ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Vegetative Organs

Abstract Biomass partitioning is one of the pivotal determinants of crop growth management, which is influenced by environmental cues. Light and CO2 are the main drivers of photosynthesis and biomass production in plants. In this study, the effects of CO2 levels: ambient 400 ppm (a[CO2]) and elevated to 1,000 ppm (e[CO2]) and different light intensities (75, 150, 300, 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density – PPFD) were studied on the growth, yield, and biomass partitioning in chrysanthemum plants. The plants grown at higher light intensity had a higher dry weight (DW) of both the vegetative and floral organs. e[CO2] diminished the stimulating effect of more intensive light on the DW of vegetative organs, although it positively influenced inflorescence DW. The flowering time in plants grown at e[CO2] and light intensity of 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 occurred earlier than that of plants grown at a[CO2]. An increase in light intensity induced the allocation of biomass to inflorescence and e[CO2] enhanced the increasing effect of light on the partitioning of biomass toward the inflorescence. In both CO2 concentrations, the highest specific leaf area (SLA) was detected under the lowest light intensity, especially in plants grown at e[CO2]. In conclusion, elevated light intensity and CO2 direct the biomass toward inflorescence in chrysanthemum plants.

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Manipulation of Intraday Durations of Blue- and Red-Light Irradiation to Improve Cos Lettuce Growth

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.778205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tomohiro Jishi ◽

Ryo Matsuda ◽

Kazuhiro Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Red Light ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Light Irradiation ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Lettuce Growth

The morphology of plants growing under combined blue- and red-light irradiation is affected by the presence or absence of time slots of blue- and red-light mono-irradiation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the morphology and growth of cos lettuce grown under light irradiation combining several durations of blue and red light simultaneously and independent mono-irradiations of blue and red light during the day, and to clarify the effects of the durations of blue-light mono-irradiation and blue-light irradiation. Young cos lettuce seedlings were grown under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 110μmol m−2 s−1 (B+0R) or under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a PPFD of 100μmol m−2 s−1 supplemented with 8 (B+8R), 16 (B+16R), and 24-h (B+24R) red-light irradiation with PPFDs of 30, 15, and 10μmol m−2 s−1, respectively (Experiment 1). The daily light integral was 9.50mol m−2 in all treatments. In Experiment 1, leaf elongation was promoted as the duration of red-light irradiation decreased and the duration of blue-light mono-irradiation increased. The maximum shoot dry weight was observed under the B+8R treatment. Growth was likely promoted by the expansion of the light-receptive area caused by moderate leaf elongation without tilting. In Experiment 2, young cos lettuce seedlings were grown as for Experiment 1, but blue- and red-light irradiation intensities were reversed (R+0B, R+8B, R+16B, and R+24B). Leaf elongation was promoted by the absence of blue-light irradiation (R+0B). The leaf surface was increasingly flattened, and the shoot dry weight was enhanced, as the duration of blue-light irradiation increased. Thus, cos lettuce leaf morphology may be manipulated by adjusting each duration of blue-light mono-irradiation, red-light mono-irradiation, and blue- and red-light simultaneous irradiation, which can, in turn, promote cos lettuce growth.

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Blue Light Monochromatic Irradiation for 12 Hours in Lighting Pattern with Combinations of Blue and Red Light Elongates Young Cos Lettuce Leaves and Promotes Growth under High Daily Light Integral

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15959-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Tomohiro Jishi ◽

Ryo Matsuda ◽

Kazuhiro Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Flux Density ◽

Blue Light ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Red Light ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽

Leaf Elongation

Cos lettuce was grown under different spectral photon flux density distribution (SPFD) change patterns with blue- and/or red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with a 24-hour cycle. Twelve treatments were designed with a combination of four relative SPFD (RSPFD) change patterns and three photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. The RSPFD change patterns were as follows: BR/BR, simultaneous blue- and red-light irradiation (BR) for 24 h; R/BR, red-light monochromatic irradiation (R) for 12 h followed by 12 hours of BR; B/BR, blue-light monochromatic irradiation (B) for 12 hours followed by 12 hours of BR; and B/R, 12 hours of B followed by 12 hours of R. Each RSPFD change pattern was conducted at three daily average photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDave) of 50, 100, and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The RSPFD change patterns that included B (B/BR and B/R) resulted in elongated leaves. A low ratio of active phytochrome to total phytochrome under B was considered the reason for leaf elongation. Shoot dry weight was significantly greater under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The leaf elongation caused by B would have increased the amount of light received and thereby promoted growth. However, excessive leaf elongation caused the plants to fall, and growth was not promoted under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 50 µmol·m−2·s−1. Thus, 12-hour B promoted growth under conditions in which leaf elongation leads to increases in the amount of light received.

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Sunlight transmitted by colored shade nets on photosynthesis and yield of cucumber

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Felipe Ayala Tafoya ◽

Moisés Gilberto Yáñez Juárez ◽

Carlos Alfonso López Orona ◽

Raymundo Medina López ◽

Teresa de Jesús Velázquez Alcaraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Red Light ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Photosynthetic Responses ◽

Photosynthetic Properties

ABSTRACT: Black shading nets are widely used in the protected cultivation of vegetables as a technique for controlling light and temperature, while the colored shading nets, with special optical properties to improve the use of solar radiation, appeared recently in the agricultural plastics market. Light quality transmitted by gray, aluminized, pearl, blue, red and black (control) nets with 30% shade was evaluated, as well as its effects on photosynthetic properties and fruits production of cucumber plants. Treatments (shade nets) were established under a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The red net transmitted 23.7 and 40.3% more photosynthetic photon flux density (400 to 700nm) and red light (600 to 700nm) and the blue net transmitted 36% more blue light (400 to 500nm) in comparison with the respective transmissions of black net. All nets increased the photosynthetic responses: transpiration, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation, observed in plants grown under black net. Leaf greenness (41.6 SPAD units) and foliar area (90dm2) increased 22.8 and 38.9% with the red net, while the dry weight of leaf (52.5g) increased 21.9% with pearl net. Pearl, red, aluminized and blue nets showed to be viable alternatives because the production of fruit increased in 71, 48, 46 and 46%, respectively, in comparison with the conventional black net (52t ha-1).

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Effect of Light, Watering Frequency, and Chlorsulfuron on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500088421 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 590-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert L. Zimdahl ◽

Jingzhu Lin ◽

Armando A. Dall'Armellina

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽

Water Levels ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Effect Of Light

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine effects of light, water, and chlorsulfuron on growth of Canada thistle. In the greenhouse, shoot and root dry weight, leaf area, and number of inflorescences decreased as light and water levels decreased. In the field, shoot and root dry weight, leaf area, and number of Canada thistle inflorescences were positively correlated with light intensity from 1832 to 30 μmol m−2s−1photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The greatest effect of light was on inflorescence production which was eliminated at 30 μmol m−2s−1(PPFD). The combined effect of water stress and chlorsulfuron decreased root and shoot growth but did not eliminate it.

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