scholarly journals Site-specific Management for the Twenty-first Century

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Crop Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
On Farm

A better awareness of soil and crop condition variability within fields brought the notion, in the early 1980s that variable management within fields by zones rather than whole fields would increase profitability by doing the right thing at the right place in the right way. At the same time, the microcomputer became available and made possible the acquisition, processing, and use of spatial field data as well as the development of a new kind of farm machinery with computerized controllers and sensors. Precision agriculture (PA) has been considered for most common cropping systems and some specialty crops, worldwide. It is particularly well adapted to high value crops such as many horticultural crops. PA is still in infancy and its adoption varies greatly but precision agriculture is the agricultural system of the future. It offers a variety of potential benefits in profitability, productivity, sustainability, crop quality, food safety, environmental protection, on-farm quality of life, and rural economic development.

Lessons from nearly 20 years of Precision Agriculture research, development, and adoption as a guide to its appropriate application

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. V. Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an all-encompassing term given to the use of a suite of technologies that promote improved management of agricultural production through recognition that the potential productivity of agricultural land can vary considerably, even over very short distances (a few m). It can be regarded as a means of increasing the chance that the right crop management strategies are implemented in the right place at the right time. Numerous examples exist of the successful application of PA to various cropping systems around the world, in many cases supported by a burgeoning PA literature. However, the rate of adoption by growers of many crops remains low and, in some industries, is negligible. One such example is the Australian sugar industry, in spite of its relatively high rate of adoption of controlled traffic and the ready access that growers have to supporting infrastructure such as local GPS base stations. However, the Australian sugar industry is now seeking an informed basis from which to make decisions as to appropriate investment in PA, whether these be in terms of pragmatic application by growers, the level of involvement (if any) by millers, or with respect to research to facilitate such adoption. A part of acquiring this informed view of PA is to look at its application in other cropping systems. This review therefore examines PA research and application in a range of cropping systems from around the world and considers the key drivers of variability in these production systems. Constraints to the adoption of PA and its likely economic benefits are also considered in light of experiences from around the world. It is concluded that sugarcane production is ideally suited to the adoption of PA. Like other broadacre systems, such as cereal production, the opportunity exists to target the management of inputs to production. However, the vertically integrated nature of the sugar industry and existence of a potentially significant crop quality imperative also present opportunities for targeted strategies such as selective harvesting, as used in the wine industry. Thus, to get the best result from adoption of PA, the sugar industry will need to consider it as a tool for optimising management of the production of sugar, as opposed to solely an avenue for improving the agronomic management of sugarcane. Several recommendations are made as to how this adoption might be supported.

scholarly journals Measuring Canopy Geometric Structure Using Optical Sensors Mounted on Terrestrial Vehicles: A Case Study in Vineyards

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Daniel Queirós da Silva ◽  
André Silva Aguiar ◽  
Filipe Neves dos Santos ◽  
Armando Jorge Sousa ◽  
Danilo Rabino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
The Right

Smart and precision agriculture concepts require that the farmer measures all relevant variables in a continuous way and processes this information in order to build better prescription maps and to predict crop yield. These maps feed machinery with variable rate technology to apply the correct amount of products in the right time and place, to improve farm profitability. One of the most relevant information to estimate the farm yield is the Leaf Area Index. Traditionally, this index can be obtained from manual measurements or from aerial imagery: the former is time consuming and the latter requires the use of drones or aerial services. This work presents an optical sensing-based hardware module that can be attached to existing autonomous or guided terrestrial vehicles. During the normal operation, the module collects periodic geo-referenced monocular images and laser data. With that data a suggested processing pipeline, based on open-source software and composed by Structure from Motion, Multi-View Stereo and point cloud registration stages, can extract Leaf Area Index and other crop-related features. Additionally, in this work, a benchmark of software tools is made. The hardware module and pipeline were validated considering real data acquired in two vineyards—Portugal and Italy. A dataset with sensory data collected by the module was made publicly available. Results demonstrated that: the system provides reliable and precise data on the surrounding environment and the pipeline is capable of computing volume and occupancy area from the acquired data.

scholarly journals QVigourMap: A GIS Open Source Application for the Creation of Canopy Vigour Maps

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Lia Duarte ◽  
Ana Cláudia Teodoro ◽  
Joaquim J. Sousa ◽  
Luís Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

In a precision agriculture context, the amount of geospatial data available can be difficult to interpret in order to understand the crop variability within a given terrain parcel, raising the need for specific tools for data processing and analysis. This is the case for data acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), in which the high spatial resolution along with data from several spectral wavelengths makes data interpretation a complex process regarding vegetation monitoring. Vegetation Indices (VIs) are usually computed, helping in the vegetation monitoring process. However, a crop plot is generally composed of several non-crop elements, which can bias the data analysis and interpretation. By discarding non-crop data, it is possible to compute the vigour distribution for a specific crop within the area under analysis. This article presents QVigourMaps, a new open source application developed to generate useful outputs for precision agriculture purposes. The application was developed in the form of a QGIS plugin, allowing the creation of vigour maps, vegetation distribution maps and prescription maps based on the combination of different VIs and height information. Multi-temporal data from a vineyard plot and a maize field were used as case studies in order to demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the QVigourMaps tool. The presented application can contribute to making the right management decisions by providing indicators of crop variability, and the outcomes can be used in the field to apply site-specific treatments according to the levels of vigour.

Ustawowe i umowne prawo pierwokupu przysługujące dzierżawcy nieruchomości rolnych – wybrane problemy prawne

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
Aneta Suchoń
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Agricultural Support ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning

The article aimed to determine whether the legal regulations in the field of the statutory and contractual pre-emption right of a tenant of agricultural real estate provide adequate protection to dependent owners in terms of the possibility of acquiring such land and conducting business activity on it. Secondly, the paper indicated legal problems related to statutory and contractual pre-emption right of a tenant of agricultural real estate and suggested how those problems could be handled. In the beginning, the considerations focused on the statutory pre-emption right for agricultural real estate. It referred to a subjective and objective scope of the right in question, and an attempt was made to determine whether the leased land can be sold to a third party due to the obligation to run a farm in person (only the sale contract allows for exercising the pre-emptive right). Failure to perform the indicated obligations might result in the case being referred to the court by the National Center for Agricultural Support. The second part of the article discussed the contractual pre-emption right for agricultural real estate. The author pointed out the possible concurrence of the statutory pre-emption right of the National Support Centre for Agriculture and the contractual pre-emption right of the lessee. The paper also referred to the problems related to implementing this right due to the requirements that the buyer must meet. In summary, the author, among other things, pointed out the fact that the importance of the statutory pre-emption right of the tenant of agricultural real estate had been diminishing over the years. The position of the lessee of agricultural land in terms of purchasing agricultural land is weakening. Currently, in practice, tenants may rarely use the pre-emption right. The author proposed the introduction of a provision to the Act on Shaping the Agricultural System on an additional consent of the National Support Centre for Agriculture for the sale of real estate under a lease.

Detail and the devil of on-farm parasite control under climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
The Right ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Parasite Challenge

AbstractLevels and seasonal patterns of parasite challenge to livestock are likely to be affected by climate change, through direct effects on life cycle stages outside the definitive host and through alterations in management that affect exposure and susceptibility. Net effects and options for adapting to them will depend very strongly on details of the system under consideration. This short paper is not a comprehensive review of climate change effects on parasites, but rather seeks to identify key areas in which detail is important and arguably under-recognized in supporting farmer adaptation. I argue that useful predictions should take fuller account of system-specific properties that influence disease emergence, and not just the effects of climatic variables on parasite biology. At the same time, excessive complexity is ill-suited to useful farm-level decision support. Dealing effectively with the ‘devil of detail’ in this area will depend on finding the right balance, and will determine our success in applying science to climate change adaptation by farmers.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Theft Protection in IoT Based Precision Agriculture Using SDN

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Md. Selim Hossain ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Sazzadur Rahman ◽  
A. S. M. Sanwar Hosen ◽  
Changho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Time Jitter ◽  
Intellectual Property Theft

In this work, we examine the privacy and safety issues of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Precision Agriculture (PA), which could lead to the problem that industry is currently experiencing as a result of Intellectual Property Theft (IPT). Increasing IoT-based information flow in PA will make a system less secure if a proper security mechanism is not ensured. Shortly, IoT will transform everyday lives with its applications. Intellectual Property (IP) is another important concept of an intelligent farming system. If the IP of a wise farming system leaks, it damages all intellectual ideas like cultivation patterns, plant variety rights, and IoT generated information of IoT-based PA. Thus, we proposed an IoT enabled SDN gateway regulatory system that ensures control of a foreign device without having access to sensitive farm information. Most of the farm uses its devices without the use of its integrated management and memory unit. An SDN-based structure to solve IP theft in precision farming has been proposed. In our proposed concept, a control system integrates with the cloud server, which is called the control hub. This hub will carry out the overall PA monitoring system. By hiring the farm devices in the agricultural system, these devices must be tailored according to our systems. Therefore, our proposed PA is a management system for all controllable inputs. The overall goal is to increase the probability of profit and reduce the likelihood of IPT. It does not only give more information but also improves information securely by enhancing the overall performance of PA. Our proposed PA architecture has been measured based on the throughput, round trip time, jitter, packet error rate, and the cumulative distribution function. Our achieved results reduced around (1.66–6.46)% compared to the previous research. In the future, blockchain will be integrated with this proposed architecture for further implementation.

scholarly journals Mulching: A viable option to increase productivity of field and fruit crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 974-982
Author(s):  
Jagroop Kaur ◽  
Harsimrat K. Bons
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Weed Growth

Mulching plays an important role in production of agricultural and horticultural crops in the current scenario of declining water table, soil degradation and climate change. The main objectives of mulching are to prevent loss of water by evaporation, prevention of soil erosion, weed control, to reduce fertilizer leaching, to promote soil productivity, to enhance yield and quality of field and fruit crops. So, mulching is useful to save our underground water resource, soil and environment for sustainable crop production. In this review paper, the literature clearly shows pronounced effects of mulching on soil health by improving the soil structure, soil fertility, biological activities, avoid soil degradation in addition to moisture conservation, regulating temperature, encouraging change in favourable micro-climate, check weed growth and ultimately increasing the productivity, quality, profitability and sustainability of crops and cropping systems irrespective of the system/situation.

scholarly journals Roles of citrus secondary metabolites in tree and fruit defence against pests and pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Kahramanoglu ◽  
Serhat Usanmaz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Potential Benefits

Plants have evolved several mechanisms to protect themselves from different biotic and abiotic challenges, including pest and pathogen attacks. One of the most important mechanisms is the secondary metabolites (SM) (terpenes, phenolics and nitrogen/sulphur-containing compounds). The plants have synthesised a diverse group of compounds in different concentrations (mostly in very small quantities) and have important roles in plant defence, survival, adaptation, and reproduction. Citrus crops are among the most essential cultivated fruit groups and are rich in terpenoids and phenolics. Besides the well-known benefits of these compounds on human health, they have a significant role in plant/fruit defence against biotic and abiotic challenges. This review aims to highlight the importance of these compounds (such as limonene, citral, saponin, hesperidin, quercetin, tangeritine, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, scoparone, etc.) and discuss their roles in tree and fruit defence against pests and pathogens. In today’s world, where there is an essential human impact on nature, a need is raised to reduce pesticides against pests and pathogens. Therefore, understanding the roles of these SM and their induction is believed to have a significant positive impact on the production and/or storage of horticultural crops and may help reduce the use of synthetic agrochemicals. In line with this information, present review was aimed to provide a background information for researchers, farmers, horticulturalists and technology developers about the potential benefits of SM on plant/fruit defence and a guideline about their induction.

Low-Power FPGA Architecture Based Monitoring Applications in Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Amine Saddik ◽  
Rachid Latif ◽  
Abdelhafid El Ouardi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Right ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Monitoring Algorithm

Today’s on-chip systems technology has grounded impressive advances in computing power and energy consumption. The choice of the right architecture depends on the application. In our case, we were studying vegetation monitoring algorithms in precision agriculture. This study presents a system based on a monitoring algorithm for agricultural fields, an electronic architecture based on a CPU-FPGA SoC system and the OpenCL parallel programming paradigm. We focused our study on our own dataset of agricultural fields to validate the results. The fields studied in our case are in the Guelmin-Oued noun region in the south of Morocco. These fields are divided into two areas, with a total surface of 3.44 Ha2 for the first field and 3.73 Ha2 for the second. The images were collected using a DJI-type unmanned aerial vehicle and an RGB camera. Performance evaluation showed that the system could process up to 86 fps versus 12 fps or 20 fps in C/C++ and OpenMP implementations, respectively. Software optimizations have increased the performance to 107 fps, which meets real-time constraints.

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