scholarly journals Evaluation of New Okra Cultivars for Bare Ground and Plasticulture Production

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Eric Simonne ◽  
Bob Hochmuth ◽  
Jeff Simons ◽  
Edgar Vinson ◽  
Arnold Caylor
Keyword(s):  
Average Yield ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Acre Yield ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

Several okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivars are now available as alternatives to the standards `Clemson Spineless' (open pollinated) and `Annie Oakley II' (hybrid). Based on the results of four trials involving 20 cultivars, `Mita', `Spike', `Green Best' and `North & South' should be added to the list of recommended cultivars for Alabama and Florida. The experimental `SOK 601' should also be included on that list, but on a for trial basis since it was evaluated only at one location. Other cultivars may perform well at specific locations. Differences among cultivars were also found for ease of harvest. `North & South' and `Baby Bubba' were the easiest and most difficult cultivars to harvest, respectively. The economic feasability of selecting a hybrid cultivar over an open-pollinated one and using plasticulture instead of bare ground was also examined in this study. Using hybrid seeds resulted in an average yield increase per harvest of 92 lb/acre (103 kg·ha-1), which exceeded the estimated 75 lb/acre yield (84 kg·ha-1) increase necessary to offset the additional cost of hybrid seeds. For reasons ranging from improved weed control, increased nutrient and water use efficiency, and double cropping, an increasing interest exists to produce okra with plasticulture, instead of bare ground as done traditionally. The average yield increase per harvest due to plasticulture over bare ground production was 196 lb/acre (220 kg·ha-1). Based on this number, it would take three harvests to produce the 540 lb/acre (605 kg·ha-1) yield increase necessary to offset the additional costs due to plasticulture.

Resource use efficiency in a cotton-wheat double-cropping system in the Yellow River Valley of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-439
Author(s):  
Guoping Wang ◽  
Yabing Li ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
Beifang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Yellow River Valley ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractThe cotton-wheat double-cropping system is widely used in the Yellow River Valley of China, but whether and how different planting patterns within cotton-wheat double-cropping systems impact heat and light use efficiency have not been well documented. A field experiment investigated the effects of the cropping system on crop productivity and the capture and use efficiency of heat and light in two fields differing in soil fertility. Three planting patterns, namely cotton intercropped with wheat (CIW), cotton directly seeded after wheat (CDW), and cotton transplanted after wheat (CTW), as well as one cotton monoculture (CM) system were used. Cotton-wheat double cropping significantly increased crop productivity and land equivalent ratios relative to the CM system in both fields. As a result of increased growing degree days (GDD), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), and photothermal product (PTP), the capture of light and heat in the double-cropping systems was compared with that in the CM system in both fields. With improved resource capture, the double-cropping systems exhibited a higher light and heat use efficiency according to thermal product efficiency, solar energy use efficiency (Eu), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and PTP use efficiency (PTPU). The cotton lint yield and biomass were not significantly correlated with RUE across cropping patterns, indicating that RUE does not limit cotton production. Among the double-cropping treatments, CDW had the lowest GDD, IPAR, and PTP values but the highest heat and light resource use efficiency and highest overall resource use efficiency. This good performance was even more obvious in the high-fertility field. Therefore, we encourage the expanded use of CDW in the Yellow River Valley, especially in fields with high fertility, given the high productivity and resource use efficiency of this system. Moreover, the use of agronomic practices involving a reasonably close planting density, optimized irrigation and nutrient supply, and the application of new short-season varieties of cotton or wheat can potentially enhance CDW crop yields and productivity.

Fodder legumes affecting sequential crop production and fertilizer N use efficiency

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De ◽  
M. A. Salim Khan ◽  
M. S. Katti ◽  
V. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYExperiments made with winter fodder crops, lucerne (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa) and summer fodder crops, cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) showed that a sequential crop of Sudan grass yielded more after the legumes than after the cereal fodders, oats or pearl millet. The legume advantage was noted in the crop not given fertilizers but also when Sudan grass was given N fertilizer. The yield increase in Sudan grass grown after legumes was equivalent to 32–60 kg fertilizer N/ha applied to Sudan grass following pearl millet.After harvesting the legumes more available N and NO3-N was present in the soil and the apparent recovery of fertilizer N by a subsequent crop was increased by the legume.

scholarly journals Understanding nutrient imbalances in maize (Zea mays L.) using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach in the Maize belt of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaluddin T. Aliyu ◽  
Jeroen Huising ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Ibrahim B. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractLow nutrient use efficiency in maize as a result of imbalanced nutrition has been reported to drastically reduce yield. We implemented a nutrient omission experiment to assess the effect of nutrient application on maize yield and nutritional balance. Maize ear leaves were analyzed for nutrients, to identify nutrient balance status using the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach. Results indicated that omission of N or P resulted in highly imbalanced DRIS indices respectively, and significantly lower grain yield. A strong inverse relationship between K ear leaf content with DRIS index suggests that K application negatively increases K imbalance in many situations. Imbalances of Mg, Ca and Cu were more associated with higher yielding treatments. A Which-Won-Where result show that nutrient imbalances in the diagnosis were systematically frequent when N was omitted. All the diagnosed nutrients were imbalanced even under the highest yielding NPKZn treatment; indicating further opportunity for yield increase with more balanced nutrition. Balanced nutrition of maize in the maize belt of Nigeria should target application of varying rates of N, P, K, Mg, S and Zn, depending on the soil conditions. But, because of complexities of nutrient interactions during uptake, it is hardly possible to realize a balanced nutrition. However, differentiating the application of antagonistic nutrients into foliar or soil-based methods is recommended for a more balanced maize nutrition.

Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Limitations on maximum transpiration rates, which are commonly observed as midday stomatal closure, have been observed even under well-watered conditions. Such limitations may be caused by restricted hydraulic conductance in the plant or by limited supply of water to the plant from uptake by the roots. This behaviour would have the consequences of limiting photosynthetic rate, increasing transpiration efficiency, and conserving soil water. A key question is whether the conservation of water will be rewarded by sustained growth during seed fill and increased grain yield. This simulation analysis was undertaken to examine consequences on sorghum yield over several years when maximum transpiration rate was imposed in a model. Yields were simulated at four locations in the sorghum-growing area of Australia for 115 seasons at each location. Mean yield was increased slightly (5–7%) by setting maximum transpiration rate at 0.4 mm h–1. However, the yield increase was mainly in the dry, low-yielding years in which growers may be more economically vulnerable. In years with yield less than ∼450 g m–2, the maximum transpiration rate trait resulted in yield increases of 9–13%. At higher yield levels, decreased yields were simulated. The yield responses to restricted maximum transpiration rate were associated with an increase in efficiency of water use. This arose because transpiration was reduced at times of the day when atmospheric demand was greatest. Depending on the risk attitude of growers, incorporation of a maximum transpiration rate trait in sorghum cultivars could be desirable to increase yields in dry years and improve water use efficiency and crop yield stability.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Zitian Zhang ◽  
Michel Rod ◽  
Farah Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Population

Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.

Ekonomic efficiency of the bioprepations application when goosberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) under the conditions of the Ukraine`s Lisosteppe

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
O.G. Polgorodnik ◽  
◽  
S.I. Gradchenko ◽  
L.O. Barabash ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Biological Protection

In the conditions of the Ukraine`s Lisosteppe the efficiency of the researched biological protection means Trichodermin, Planryz, Pentafag and Gaupsin in dejecting the development of and septoria spot in the gooseberry orchards appeared to depend both on the experimental preparations and cultivar peculiarities. The cv Svarog biological resistance to powdery mildew proved higher as compared to “Tiasmyn” on the background of the protective treatments with biological preparations.The development of on the variety “Tiasmyn” varied from 24.4 to 31.1 % and on “Svarog” from 12.7 to 17.6 %. The preparation Gaupsin turned on more efficient against diseases in comparison with the other biological preparations during all the research years. The economic evaluation showed that in the “Tiasmyn” orchards in the variants with using the biopreparations the production costs per ha rose by 9.6 - 13.0 %, including the plants protection by 1.9-1.7 % as compared to the control but thanks to the yield increase by13.8-20.0 % the profit was higher by 17.6-26.3 %. The most effective variant in this cultivar protection system was the preparation Gaupsin utilization – the rate of return cost recovery was 225 %. The profit per hectare in the above mentioned treatment rose to 129.6 thousand grn under a profitableness level of 124.1 %. The cultivar “Svarog” was characterized with the lower yield than “Tiasmyn” in all the variants. As a result the profit and profitableness rise of the economic efficiency indices in the treatments with the biopreparations usage in comparison with the control (as a result of the yield increase by 19.6-25.4 % the profit rose by 22.7-35.1 %). When applying Gaupsin the highest rate of return cost recovery of the additional costs, profit per hectare and profitableness level were achieved – 230.9 %, 120.8 thousand grn and 119.4 % respectively. The obtained results enable to recommend Gaupsin as an element of the gooseberry orchards protection from the main diseases in the Ukraine`s Lisosteppe.

scholarly journals Response of two-row and six-row barley to fertiliser N under Irish conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
N Use

Abstract A range of cultivar types, including two-row and six-row types as well as line and hybrid types, are used for winter barley production in Ireland. There is little information available on the fertiliser nitrogen (N) requirements or the N use efficiency of these different types, particularly under Irish conditions. The objectives of the work presented here were to compare the response to fertiliser N of a two-row line cultivar, a six-row line cultivar and a six-row hybrid cultivar in terms of grain yield and aspects of N use efficiency. Experiments were carried out over three growing seasons, in the period 2012-2014, on a light-textured soil comparing the response of the three cultivars of winter barley to fertiliser N application rates ranging from 0 to 260 kg N/ha. There was no evidence that cultivar type, regardless of whether it was a two-row or six-row line cultivar or a six-row hybrid cultivar, influenced the response to fertiliser N of winter barley. There were some indications that six-row cultivars were less efficient at recovering soil N but used accumulated N more efficiently than the two-row cultivar. This work provided no evidence to support adjustment of fertiliser N inputs to winter barley based on cultivar type.

Effect of field peas and wheat on the yield and protein content of subsequent wheat crops grown at several rates of applied nitrogen

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
IC Rowland ◽  
MG Mason ◽  
IA Pritchard ◽  
RJ French
Keyword(s):  
N Availability ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Interaction

The responses of wheat to various rates of N fertiliser were compared following field peas (PW) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Seventeen trials were carried out at 5 sites between 1986 and 1991. The trials were on medium- and fine-textured soils (clay loams or shallow duplex soils). The overall grain yield of PW appeared greater than WW in 11 trials [was significantly greater in 9 (P<0.05)], and did not appear different in 6 trials. When no N was applied the yield advantage of PW was 41% (PW 1.91 t/ha cf. WW 1.37 t/ha). Quadratic response curves were fitted to all yield data. Rotation x N rate interaction was significant (P<0.05) in 10 comparisons. In 5 trials, while there was a yield increase to N fertiliser with WW, the yields decreased with PW. In 3 trials while there was an increase with WW there was no response with PW or a reduction at higher rates of N. In the remaining 2 trials there were responses with both PW and WW, but this was greater for WW. The response curves in these 10 trials either converged and met, indicating that the difference between rotations was due to N availability, or converged but did not meet, indicating that N was important but did not explain the whole difference. Where there was no interaction between rotation and N rate the response curves were parallel. The type of response could not be predicted. It was not profitable to apply N fertiliser to wheat in the PW rotation in 11 of the 17 trials. The average yield advantage of PW over WW, in the absence of N was 540 kg/ha, while there was an average increase of 1.7% grain protein.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Grafting on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Water Use Efficiency of a Hydroponic Sweet Pepper Crop

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ropokis ◽  
Georgia Ntatsi ◽  
Constantinos Kittas ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

In areas characterized by mild winter climate, pepper is frequently cultivated in unheated greenhouses in which the temperature during the winter may drop to suboptimal levels. Under low temperature (LT) conditions, the uptake of nutrients may be altered in a different manner than that of the water and thus their uptake ratio, known as uptake concentration, may be different than in greenhouses with standard temperature (ST) conditions. In the present study, pepper plants of the cultivars “Sammy” and “Orangery”, self-grafted or grafted onto two commercial rootstocks (“Robusto” and “Terrano”), were cultivated in a greenhouse under either ST or LT temperature conditions. The aim of the study was to test the impact of grafting and greenhouse temperature on total yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient uptake. The LT regime reduced the yield by about 50% in “Sammy” and 33% in “Orangery”, irrespective of the grafting combination. Grafting of “Sammy” onto both “Robusto” and “Terrano” increased the total fruit yield by 39% and 34% compared with the self-grafted control, while grafting of “Orangery” increased the yield only when the rootstock was “Terrano”. The yield increase resulted exclusively from enhancement of the fruit number per plant. Both the water consumption and the water use efficiency were negatively affected by the LT regime, however the temperature effect interacted with the rootstock/scion combination. The LT increased the uptake concentrations (UC) of K, Ca, Mg, N, and Mn, while it decreased strongly that of P and slightly the UC of Fe and Zn. The UC of K and Mg were influenced by the rootstock/scion combination, however this effect interacted with the temperature regime. In contrast, the Ca, N, and P concentrations were not influenced by the grafting combination. The results of the present study show that the impact of grafting on yield and nutrient uptake in pepper depend not merely on the rootstock genotype, however on the rootstock/scion combination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document