scholarly journals The Role of the Landscape Architect in Plant Material Purchases: Implications for Marketing Communications

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Day ◽  
M.P. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Material Purchases ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

As the ornamental nursery industry moves from being production-oriented to being market-driven, growers must rethink the way they do business. No longer can producers target only purchasers of plant materials; now they must also direct marketing activities to those who influence the purchase of plants and choice of producers. Because landscape architects play an influential role in plant specification and selection of production nurseries, growers should consider ways in which effective marketing communications can be developed to influence these influencers. A marketing perspective on the decisionmaking process and the determination of the role of the individual in the decision process is used to develop recommendations on ways for growers to communicate with landscape architects. The implications of these findings for university extension programming also are discussed.

SAMUEL J. BROADS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Thomas R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Analogous Reasoning ◽  
Independent Audit ◽  
Selection Of

In the decade following the passage of the Federal Securities Laws of 1933 and 1934, the reform of accounting and auditing practices directed authority for selection of accounting principles and auditing procedures away from the discretion of the individual accountant and auditor. Instead, a self-regulatory peer driven process to establish general acceptance for a more limited set of principles and procedures was being initiated. Two events which occurred in 1938 indelibly affected this process, the SEC's decision to issue Accounting Series Release No. 4, which empowered non-governmental entities as potential sources of authoritative support, and the McKesson & Robbins fraud which called into question the value of the independent audit and the role of external auditing at the very time a momentum had been established for self-regulation by the nascent and recently reunified accounting profession. The contributions of Samuel J. Broad in both the initiatives for self-regulation of accounting principles and of auditing procedures is examined in this paper. Further, several examples of Broad's rhetorical technique of employing analogous reasoning to facilitate dissemination of complex economic and accounting issues are examined.

scholarly journals Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagels ◽  
Viktoria Lindemann ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Benedikt Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric indicators of the stability of anthocyanin-containing extracts depending on the color of plant materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mikhailovich Koldaev ◽  
Artem Yurevich Manyakhin ◽  
Petr Semenovich Zorikov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Factor Coefficient ◽  
Anthocyanin Degradation

AbstractThis paper aims at spectrophotometric determination of changes in stability of extractable anthocyanins during drying of plant materials depending on their color. Raw and dried colored parts of 50 plant species from 25 families were used for the study. The extracts were prepared over 95% ethanol acidified with hydrochloric acid (pH ~ 1). The absorption spectra were registered within the range of 210 to 680 nm. The extinction variability factor, coefficient of intensity absorption relative and generalized stability factor were used to determine the anthocyanin degradation. The highest values of the stability factor were obtained for the extracts from fruit shells of burgundy or violet color within the range of 0.934±0.024 to 0.973±0.024, while the extracts from flower petals of the same care featured the stability factor that was 1.19 to 1.44 times less. The values of the stability factor of the extracts from black, red and blue materials are 1.15 to 1.19 times, 1.74 to 2.48 times and 4.65 to 4.84 times less respectively than those of the extracts from violet-burgundy materials. It is appropriate to apply the spectrophotometric factors of anthocyanins stability used in this study to selection of promising plants for industrial cultivation as material of anthocyanin-containing herbal preparations. The most stable anthocyanins are those of burgundy-purple and black fruits.

thymos

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Cairns
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Point Of Reference

Thymos (or thumos), cognate with Indo-European words meaning “smoke,” is one of a number of terms in Greek which associate psychological activity with air and breath. In the Homeric poems, thymos is one of a family of terms associated with internal psychological process of thought, emotion, volition, and motivation. Though the range of the term’s applications in Homer is wide, that in itself gives us a sense of the unity of cognitive, affective, and desiderative processes in Homeric psychology. No post-Homeric author can rival that range, but something of the richness of the Homeric conception of thymos as an interrelated set of motivations re-emerges in Plato’s conception of the tripartite soul in the Republic and the Phaedrus. Plato’s thymos represents a pared-down model of human agency typified by one central desire or aim in life but also exhibiting whatever further capacities of persons are necessary to enable it to pursue that aim in interaction with the other elements of the personality. As in Homer, the metaphorical agency of Plato’s thymos does not detract from the notion of the individual as the real centre of agency. Plato’s conception of thymos, in turn, is a fundamental point of reference for Aristotle’s treatment of thymos as a type of desire (orexis). Though Aristotle tends more generally to use the term as a synonym for orgē (anger), there are also traces of older associations between thymos and qualities such as assertiveness and goodwill towards others. Elsewhere, thymos tends to mean “heart” or “mind” (as aspects of mental functioning), “spirit,” “inclination,” or “anger.” A selection of these uses is surveyed, but the article overall concentrates on Homer, Plato, and Aristotle, where the role of thymos is of a different order of importance.

An Examination of the Role of the Facilitator in “Facilitated Communication” 1

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C. Shane ◽  
Kevin Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Letter Display ◽  
Selection Of

Facilitated communication (FC) is an expressive communication strategy that involves the selection of targets on a letter display or keyboard by an individual who receives some physical support, typically from another person (known as the facilitator). Because physical assistance is needed for communication to occur, the question has arisen as to whether the facilitator or the individual who is facilitated is responsible for authoring messages. This investigation was initiated to determine whether messages expressed via FC by a 38-year-old man who was nonspeaking and mentally retarded were produced by this individual or by his facilitator. In order to investigate the source of communication, three procedures were designed, two of a visual and one of an auditory nature. Results revealed that the source of the communication in this context was, without exception, the facilitator. These findings suggest the importance of determining the source of communication expressed through facilitated communication.

scholarly journals Role of the PNPase enzyme in the transport of mtRNA in lymphatic cancer: Bibliographic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Myriam Lizanda Piqueras ◽  
Ignacio Ventura González
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
H Index ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Selection Of

Lymphoma is the most common type of blood cancer today and, as its name suggests, it begins in the lymphatic system. The origin of this disease is related to mitochondrial defects, generated by mutations in the PNPase enzyme or polynucleotide phosphorylase, whose main functions are to import and degradation mitochondrial RNA. For this reason, the main objective of the present work was to carry out a bibliographic review of scientific publications that made the role of this enzyme relevant, in relation to mitochondria as the cause of lymphatic cancer. The methodology used consisted of a bibliometric analysis based on the use of different databases, in which search equations formed from keywords were introduced. Then, the selection of articles related to the study topic and published in the last 20 years was carried out. Subsequently, the journals were analyzed, based on the H index, in order to observe which supported the hypothesis of the role of PNPase in lymphoma and which stated the opposite. The results showed that a total of 441,288 scientific publications were obtained, of which 133 were selected to carry out this work. As for the journals, those with the highest H index were Nature and Cell. It can be concluded that PNPase plays a very important role in the transport of mitochondrial RNA, and that the factor NF-Y is involved in the control of cell growth, therefore, both have a crucial role in the development of this disease. Therefore, research on both PNPase and NF-Y is essential to establish the specific genetic characteristics that define the early lesions of lymphatic cancer and the consequent determination of their treatment.

scholarly journals Relevansi Delimitasi Perbatasan Maritim Dengan Faktor Lingkungan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Evi Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Introductioan: This article discusses the relevance of maritime border delimitation with environmental factors that affect the determination of delimitation.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of the role of the environment in the maritime border delimitation process. Specifically focused on analyzing whether there is a positive relationship between environmental considerations and the development of the delimitation process and to determine the environmental factors that influence the delimitation.Methods of the Research: This research uses normative research with a conceptual approach. Researchers use relevant environmental law concepts in the maritime border delimitation process.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that there is a relevance of environmental factors in determining maritime border delimitation, among others from factors: conservation of wildlife reserves, the principle of natural prolongation, the principle of sustainable development, mineral resources, and fisheries. The relationship between environmental factors and the delimitation process occurs in two ways: First, environmental considerations show a direct influence in the selection of the delimitation method. Here environmental factors are an important motive in the delimitation process. Second, environmental factors affect the delimitation process indirectly where there are a number of delimitation agreements that do not include specific provisions regarding the environment, but the evidence shows that the parties are motivated by environmental factors in negotiating delimitation.

DETERMINATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF A DIETARY ALLOWANCE OF PROTEIN FOR INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-399
Author(s):  
Charles D. May
Keyword(s):  
National Research Council ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Selection Of

PROBABLY the greatest contributions to successful artificial feeding of infants that will ever be witnessed have already been made, namely: the discovery of the importance of bacterial contamination; the recognition of the role of vitamins; and the realization that fresh cow's milk produces large curds in the infant's stomach and must be treated by heat or other means to improve its digestibility. Elimination of these major handicaps of artificial feeding permitted attention to be focused on determination of precise figures for the amounts of individual nutrients which should be supplied by the diet to foster sound nutrition. Especial interest was attracted by the question of the relative adequacy of the protein in cow's milk and human milk. This called for refinement in methods of appraising the state of nutrition and clarification of the ultimate goal in infant feeding—the most desirable state of nutrition. Premature or excessive emphasis on selection of a figure for the dietary allowance of a nutrient is liable to arouse emotional controversy and distract nutritionists from the fundamental issues involved in judging nutritional status. Progress in the science of nutrition could easily be hampered by satisfaction with the sort of pseudosophistication so readily conveyed by plain numbers. If a figure for an allowance is proposed, there is a great temptation to exploit such a handy value by matching the composition of food products against this kind of "standard." The clamor of conflicting claims in the market place threatens to obscure the deficiencies in the fundamental knowledge upon which a meaningful figure for the allowance of protein or any other nutrient must be based. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council has now wisely recognized these considerations by not including a figure for protein allowance in infancy in the 1958 revision of their Recommended Dietary Allowances which states: "Breast-feeding is the best and desired procedure for meeting the nutrient requirements in the first months of life." This is a favorable setting in which to survey the principles which should govern the determination of the dietary allowance of protein for infants and to dwell upon the significance to be attached to any value proposed.

Evaluating the Role of Regression Methods in the Determination of Standard Spending Assessments

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Thomas ◽  
E S Warren
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Selection Of

A Standard Spending Assessment (SSA) is the amount which government considers appropriate for a local authority to set as its annual budget requirement. Each assessment is composed of revenues calculated for a discrete set of service blocks where the local unit costs of service provision are most often estimated by means of regression procedures that have been subject to regular scrutiny and review. Set against this context, in this paper the authors evaluate the performance of the regressions that contribute to the calculation of SSAs as equitable allocation devices. The general accounting framework for constructing SSAs is described and a statistical classification of the regression models is presented. In their analysis the authors examine a selection of models that are representative of each class and they include the regressions that comprise the Other District Services and Personal Social Services blocks. These appraisals follow a common sequence where a dummy variable is entered into the regression to test the consistency of the allocation made to a specified group of local authorities. When the dummy variable is statistically significant, revisions to the specification of the regression are either tested or suggested. Finally, the broader implications of these findings for the design of SSAs are examined.

scholarly journals Somatotypes in Sport

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Tóth ◽  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Jozef Živčák ◽  
Peter Kneppo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Rating Form ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The submitted article deals with the evaluation of the somatotype of persons and determination of a suitable somatotype for selected sports. In the introduction the method for determining and evaluating a somatotype according to Carter and Heath is characterised. The processes used for calculating the individual components - endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy - are presented as well as a description of these elements. The calculated components are subsequently put into a somatograph. The evaluation of a somatotype is of great benefit and offers a guideline with the selection of sporting activities; it subsequently helps assign athletes into a suitable position where they will be able to best develop their talents in view of their bodily construction. In this work two types of sports are evaluated - basketball and bodybuilding. With each sport the measurements which give the prerequisites for the given sport are presented. The selection of the presented sports was made with regard to the different requirements and demands in the scope of bodily constitution. The aim of the presented paper is to assess physical parameters of subjects groups in relation to selected sports (basketball and bodybuilding). Based on the body constitution to determine the conditions for developing the physical condition and success in the appointed sports. Another objective is to compare the rating form and equation methods for somatotype determination. The sample consist 32 subjects with age between 22-28 years of both sexes, who are dedicated to basketball, or bodybuilding at amateur level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document