An Examination of the Role of the Facilitator in “Facilitated Communication” 1

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C. Shane ◽  
Kevin Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Letter Display ◽  
Selection Of

Facilitated communication (FC) is an expressive communication strategy that involves the selection of targets on a letter display or keyboard by an individual who receives some physical support, typically from another person (known as the facilitator). Because physical assistance is needed for communication to occur, the question has arisen as to whether the facilitator or the individual who is facilitated is responsible for authoring messages. This investigation was initiated to determine whether messages expressed via FC by a 38-year-old man who was nonspeaking and mentally retarded were produced by this individual or by his facilitator. In order to investigate the source of communication, three procedures were designed, two of a visual and one of an auditory nature. Results revealed that the source of the communication in this context was, without exception, the facilitator. These findings suggest the importance of determining the source of communication expressed through facilitated communication.

SAMUEL J. BROADS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Thomas R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Analogous Reasoning ◽  
Independent Audit ◽  
Selection Of

In the decade following the passage of the Federal Securities Laws of 1933 and 1934, the reform of accounting and auditing practices directed authority for selection of accounting principles and auditing procedures away from the discretion of the individual accountant and auditor. Instead, a self-regulatory peer driven process to establish general acceptance for a more limited set of principles and procedures was being initiated. Two events which occurred in 1938 indelibly affected this process, the SEC's decision to issue Accounting Series Release No. 4, which empowered non-governmental entities as potential sources of authoritative support, and the McKesson & Robbins fraud which called into question the value of the independent audit and the role of external auditing at the very time a momentum had been established for self-regulation by the nascent and recently reunified accounting profession. The contributions of Samuel J. Broad in both the initiatives for self-regulation of accounting principles and of auditing procedures is examined in this paper. Further, several examples of Broad's rhetorical technique of employing analogous reasoning to facilitate dissemination of complex economic and accounting issues are examined.

The Role of ICTs in Primary Science Education in Developing a Community of Learners to Enhance Scientific Literacy

2010 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Beverley Jane ◽  
Marilyn Fleer ◽  
John Gipps
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Community Of Learners ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pre Service Teacher

The purpose of this chapter is to show how information communication technologies (ICT) facilitated communication between primary pre-service teachers that enabled a ‘community of learners’ to develop children’s scientific literacy. Cultural-historical theory was used to frame a study that sought to explicitly go beyond thinking as being individualistic, and to show how thinking can also be considered as a collective endeavour. In particular the study identifies how thinking forms part of a ‘community of learners’ both virtually and in reality within classrooms. The study was able to make visible child and pre-service teacher interactional sequences that brought together everyday concepts and scientific concepts to support concept formation in science. The study revealed the dialectical relations between everyday concepts and scientific concepts for moving from an interpsychological level to an intrapsychological level. The collective, rather than the individual orientation, made such a perspective possible. Importantly, the use of ICTs facilitated communication between members of the collective.

thymos

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Cairns
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Point Of Reference

Thymos (or thumos), cognate with Indo-European words meaning “smoke,” is one of a number of terms in Greek which associate psychological activity with air and breath. In the Homeric poems, thymos is one of a family of terms associated with internal psychological process of thought, emotion, volition, and motivation. Though the range of the term’s applications in Homer is wide, that in itself gives us a sense of the unity of cognitive, affective, and desiderative processes in Homeric psychology. No post-Homeric author can rival that range, but something of the richness of the Homeric conception of thymos as an interrelated set of motivations re-emerges in Plato’s conception of the tripartite soul in the Republic and the Phaedrus. Plato’s thymos represents a pared-down model of human agency typified by one central desire or aim in life but also exhibiting whatever further capacities of persons are necessary to enable it to pursue that aim in interaction with the other elements of the personality. As in Homer, the metaphorical agency of Plato’s thymos does not detract from the notion of the individual as the real centre of agency. Plato’s conception of thymos, in turn, is a fundamental point of reference for Aristotle’s treatment of thymos as a type of desire (orexis). Though Aristotle tends more generally to use the term as a synonym for orgē (anger), there are also traces of older associations between thymos and qualities such as assertiveness and goodwill towards others. Elsewhere, thymos tends to mean “heart” or “mind” (as aspects of mental functioning), “spirit,” “inclination,” or “anger.” A selection of these uses is surveyed, but the article overall concentrates on Homer, Plato, and Aristotle, where the role of thymos is of a different order of importance.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Topsis Dalam Penentuan Kelas Siswa Tunagrahita

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ommi Alfina ◽  
Fitriana Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Children with special needs are children born with special needs that are different from humans in general so they need special services. Someone with intellectual barriers has been ensured that he is a person with mental retardation. In general, mentally retarded children are children who have deficiencies in terms of intellectual function in real terms and together with that it also has an impact on deficiencies in terms of adaptive behavior. Children have the right and opportunity to develop according to their potential, especially in the field of education. "Children who have physical or mental disabilities are given equal opportunities and accessibility to get an ordinary / extraordinary education." Handling the learning of mentally retarded children depends on the difficulties experienced by each individual. The role of the teacher in handling this is very important. Teachers as mentors in class need to view mentally retarded students with varying conditions about their potential or abilities individually. This study aims to apply the TOPSIS method in determining the class of mentally retarded students. The Topsis method is able to provide the best alternative with assessment criteria so that the results to be achieved will immediately be able to determine the class according to the individual abilities of mentally retarded students.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MOVEMENT GAMES IN THE EDUCATION OF SPEED INDICES IN THE PRE-UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
F. NECHITA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
General Motor ◽  
University System ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Motor Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

Exercise games form basic motor knowledge, skills and abilities such as: walking correctly, running economically, jumping and throwing efficiently, while developing the basic motor skills needed in daily life or for subsequent sports. The aim of the research is the possibility to educate the motor quality, speed, through the introduction in the didactic projects of some dynamic and varied movement games at the level of the schoolchildren, which determine an increase of the general motor skills. A good selection of them and properly directed, they present an important means of psycho-physical development of the individual, the formation of motor and volitional qualities, as well as the strengthening of health.

scholarly journals Gyrase Mutations Are Associated with Variable Levels of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha R. Farhat ◽  
Karen R. Jacobson ◽  
Molly F. Franke ◽  
Devinder Kaur ◽  
Alex Sloutsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Mutations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Molecular diagnostics that rapidly and accurately predict resistance to fluoroquinolone drugs and especially later-generation agents promise to improve treatment outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and prevent the spread of disease. Mutations in thegyrgenes are known to confer most fluoroquinolone resistance, but knowledge about the effects ofgyrmutations on susceptibility to early- versus later-generation fluoroquinolones and about the role of mutation-mutation interactions is limited. Here, we sequenced the fullgyrAandgyrBopen reading frames in 240 multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis strains and quantified their ofloxacin and moxifloxacin MIC by testing growth at six concentrations for each drug. We constructed a multivariate regression model to assess both the individual mutation effects and interactions on the drug MICs. We found thatgyrBmutations contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance both individually and through interactions withgyrAmutations. These effects were statistically significant. In these clinical isolates, severalgyrAandgyrBmutations conferred different levels of resistance to ofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Consideration ofgyrmutation combinations during the interpretation of molecular test results may improve the accuracy of predicting the fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype. Further, the differential effects ofgyrmutations on the activity of early- and later-generation fluoroquinolones requires further investigation and could inform the selection of a fluoroquinolone for treatment.

scholarly journals Polymolybdates and Peroxomolybdates: Candidates for Catalysts in Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C589-C589
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Lasocha ◽  
Anna Szymanska ◽  
Marcin Oszajca ◽  
Graham Appleby ◽  
Katarzyna Pamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Cyclic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Progress in catalysis depends on a full understanding of the role of the individual components of catalytic materials. Crystallographic studies offer insight into crystal structure, which enables the rational selection of reagents and better planning of the syntheses of novel materials and catalysts. In this paper we have studied the process of the oxidation of hydrocarbons and terpenes with oxygen from the air. Processes of this type are important in so-called "Green Chemistry." Their application can reduce the amount of environmentally harmful pollutants formed through conventional oxidation based on nitric acid. While investigating the catalytic activity of peroxo- and polymolybdates(VI) in the oxidation of cycloalkanes, we found a number of intriguing relationships. To explain them, we designed, synthesized and solved the crystal structures of the family of new peroxomolybdates, tri-, octa- and pentamolybdates of amines. Both single crystal and polycrystalline materials were investigated using laboratory as well as synchrotron radiation. Next, we used these compounds as catalysts in certain interesting for industry processes (e.g. oxidation of cyclic hydrocarbons). We have concluded that: – The activity of peroxocompounds is enhanced by the coordination of N-oxide groups to Mo atoms. – The activity of anionic polymeric trimolybdates decreases when `surface of polymeric fiber' is blocked by cations. – The anionic layers of pentamolybdates are separated by cations of variable size. The distance between layers plays a role similar to that of the size of channels in zeolites. Summary: Peroxomolybdates and polyoxomolybdates show great prospects for new industrial uses (besides cracking and desulfurization).

Features of professional psychological selection, as an integral part of the system of primary prevention of occupational deformity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Martirosova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the issues of professional psychological selection in the internal Affairs bodies as an integral part of the system of measures to prevent professional deformation in service collectives. The implementation of the measures organized on the basis of monitoring of data received by psychologists of internal Affairs bodies is aimed at maintaining and improving the efficiency of the police. The purpose of this area of work of psychologists is to equip police service teams with reliable employees who meet the requirements of the modern legal state. The presented materials consider the practice of implementing by police psychologists the decree Of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 06, 2012 No. 1259 «on approval of the Rules of professional psychological selection for service in the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation». The materials are consistent with the results of research conducted by Russian and foreign researchers. The conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the results of the work of the Commission on psychological selection of the regional Department of the Ministry of internal Affairs. Describes some of the individual characteristics of the persons who were refused admission to the service. Individual factors that hinder the process of effective adaptation in service teams are listed, as well as the role of early maladaptive schemes in the process of adaptation. Individual and environmental factors of influence on the formation and development of deforming influence on employees in the course of performance of official activities are presented, based on the analysis of incidents that occurred in collectives in the period 2018–2020. The article deals with the actual difficulties of practical implementation of psychological selection for service as the basis for early prevention of professional deformation in the service collectives of internal Affairs bodies.

scholarly journals The Role of the Landscape Architect in Plant Material Purchases: Implications for Marketing Communications

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Day ◽  
M.P. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Material Purchases ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

As the ornamental nursery industry moves from being production-oriented to being market-driven, growers must rethink the way they do business. No longer can producers target only purchasers of plant materials; now they must also direct marketing activities to those who influence the purchase of plants and choice of producers. Because landscape architects play an influential role in plant specification and selection of production nurseries, growers should consider ways in which effective marketing communications can be developed to influence these influencers. A marketing perspective on the decisionmaking process and the determination of the role of the individual in the decision process is used to develop recommendations on ways for growers to communicate with landscape architects. The implications of these findings for university extension programming also are discussed.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

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