Response of Four Vegetable Crops to Fluridone-treated Irrigation Water

Greenhouse studies examined the effects of an aquatic herbicide (fluridone) in irrigation water on four vegetable crops growing on two soils. Tests on Fuquay loamy sand (0.3% humic matter) and Portsmouth fine sandy loam (4.1% humic matter) examined fluridone concentrations ≤250 μg·L−1. Injury to sweet corn (Zea may L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) on these soils varied with soil type and stage of plant growth. Seedlings or new transplants were more susceptible to fluridone damage than older plants. All plants showed more injury on Fuquay loamy sand, which had the lowest humic matter content. Injury to cucumber occurred only to seedlings exposed to 250 μg·L−1 on the Fuquay loamy sand. Bell pepper was the most sensitive crop to fluridone. The “no observed effects level” below which no significant injury of a crop occurred over both soil types and both stages of crop maturity was 5 μg·L−1 for sweet corn, bell pepper, and tomato and 100 μg·L−1 for cucumber.

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Persistence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Surface Soil following Application of Liquid Hog Manure for Production of Pickling Cucumbers

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.900 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 900-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

CAROLINE CÔTÉ ◽

SYLVAIN QUESSY

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Loamy Sand ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

E Coli ◽

Vegetable Samples ◽

Hog Manure ◽

Pickling Cucumbers

Liquid hog manure is routinely applied to farm land as a crop fertilizer. However, this practice raises food safety concerns, especially when manure is used on fruit and vegetable crops. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the persistence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in surface soil after application of liquid hog manure to fields where pickling cucumbers were grown and to verify the microbiological quality of harvested cucumbers. Mineral fertilizers were replaced by liquid hog manure at various ratios in the production of pickling cucumbers in a 3-year field study. The experimental design was a randomized complete block comprising four replicates in sandy loam (years 1, 2, and 3) and loamy sand (year 3). Soil samples were taken at a depth of 20 cm every 2 weeks after June application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Vegetable samples were also taken at harvest time. Liquid hog manure, soil, and vegetable (washed and unwashed) samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli. An exponential decrease of E. coli populations was observed in surface soil after the application of manure. The estimated average time required to reach undetectable concentrations of E. coli in sandy loam varied from 56 to 70 days, whereas the absence of E. coli was estimated at 77 days in loamy sand. The maximal Salmonella persistence in soil was 54 days. E. coli and Salmonella were not detected in any vegetable samples.

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Efficacy of Selected Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025392 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Michael R. Blumhorst ◽

Jerome B. Weber ◽

Len R. Swain

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Organic Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Humic Matter

Field experiments were conducted on six loam and sandy loam soils to study the influence of various soil parameters on atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and pendimethalin efficacy. Herbicidal activity was highly correlated to the soil organic content. Humic matter content was equally or better correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.91) with herbicide bioactivity than was organic matter content (r = 0.66 to 0.84). Regression equations were determined which allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or organic matter levels.

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Frequency of Manure Application in Organic versus Annual Application of Synthetic Fertilizer in Conventional Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1673 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 1673-1680 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vincent M. Russo ◽

Merritt Taylor

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer ◽

Annual Application

The cost of transporting manure can affect profit. Manure was applied either annually or biennially to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. Jupiter, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cv. Earli Pik, and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.), cv. Incredible (se endosperm genotype), produced using organic methods and compared with production of these crops using conventional methods and annually applied synthetic fertilizer. Conventional and organically maintained portions of the field were separated by a 25-m buffer zone planted with sweet corn, which was provided with manure. The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2008 at Lane, OK. Nutrient contents of soil and edible portions were determined as were yields. Economic analyses comparing costs of production and profit were conducted. There were yield responses resulting from year. Bell pepper yield was little affected by type of fertilizer application. Cucumber and sweet corn benefited from use of manure over conventional fertilizer. There was no pattern of alternating increased or decreased nutrient content in edible portions or in the soil as a result of annual or biennial application of manure. Treatment with manure produced higher returns than did conventional fertilizer. Annual treatment with manure produced higher returns in bell pepper and sweet corn than did treatment with manure in alternate years; the opposite was true for cucumber. Annual application of manure appears to be necessary for most of the vegetable crops tested.

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Sweet Corn Nutrient Uptake and Removal

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.17.1.82 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 82-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J.R. Heckman

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Crop Production ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

The United States ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Loam Soil

Current emphasis on writing comprehensive nutrient management plans for crop production in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States requires accurate crop nutrient removal values for vegetable crops. Therefore, studies were conducted to measure nutrient uptake in harvested fresh sweet corn (Zea mays) ears in 2003 on a sandy loam soil and in 2004 on a silt loam soil, in New Jersey. Nine varieties were included in the study to represent early, mid-, and late-season hybrids. Corn production practices followed local extension recommendations. The crop was seeded by hand and thinned to ensure a uniform within-row spacing of 9 inches and a population of 23,231 plants/acre. Nutrient concentrations were determined on ear and stover samples oven-dried at 70 °C for 72 hours. Mean nutrient uptake values for full-season varieties based on a typical sweet corn yield of 150 cwt/acre (about 18,396 ears/acre) would be projected to remove (in lb/acre) 51 N, 9.1 P, 34 K, 3.7 S, 2.0 Ca, 3.9 Mg, 0.024 B, 0.09 Fe, 0.044 Mn, 0.014 Cu, and 0.072 Zn. Values for N, P, and K are similar to reference values in Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers (4th ed.). Due to smaller ear size, nutrient removal values were generally lower for early and mid-season varieties. In 2004 only, nutrient removal by harvesting the crop residue was also determined by assuming a harvest of 23,231 plants/acre, minus the upper ear for the average full-season hybrid. This biomass was found to remove (in lb/acre) 126 N, 13.4 P, 173 K, 11.6 S, 20.6 Ca, 13.6 Mg, 0.05 B, 0.37 Fe, 0.30 Mn, 0.05 Cu, and 0.13 Zn.

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Effects of Different Cover Crops on Sweet Corn and Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.4.601d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 601D-601

Author(s):

N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽

Kathy Brock ◽

Chris L. Ray ◽

Katie Greene ◽

Dennis R. Decoteau

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Red Clover ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Crimson Clover ◽

Companion Crop ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

Rye and crimson clover as winter cover crops and red clover as a companion crop were evaluated in sweet corn and bell pepper production systems in South Carolina. Winter cover crops were planted in fall and incorporated into the soil 3 weeks prior to planting vegetable crops. Red clover was overseeded with the vegetable crops. There were no significant differences among treatments for corn yield. Marketable number and weight of bell peppers were significantly higher in both winter cover crops compared to red clover and fallow (control) treatments. Number of cull peppers (smaller peppers than USDA grades) were lower in both cover crops compared to other treatments. Lack of response in red clover compared to the fallow treatment may be due to the lower emergence of red clover when used as a companion crop with bell pepper. Marketable bell pepper yield was higher in the late harvest compared to the early harvest in all the treatments.

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Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr19040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 814 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽

Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽

Krystyna Cybulska ◽

Barbara Pawłowska ◽

Robert Biczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Loamy Sand ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

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THE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF A SANDY LOAM CONTAINING SUFFICIENT AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS FOR VEGETABLE CROPS

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-194102000-00006 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JOHN BUSHNELL

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Content ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Vegetable Crops

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Crop Productivity Enhancement under Soybean Based Cropping System through Harvested Rain Water in Malwa Region

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/a-5447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D.H. Ranade ◽

M.L. Jadav ◽

Indu Swarup ◽

O.P. Girothia ◽

D.V. Bhagat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Net Return

Background: Rainwater harvesting is commonly practiced in areas, where the rainfall is insufficient for crop growing. Due to the intermittent nature of run-off events, it is necessary to store the maximum possible amount of rainwater during the rainy season so that it may be used as irrigation to enhance the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system.Methods: A study was carried out during 2018-2019 in Indore district of Malwa region. Rainwater harvesting tanks at on station (42´21´2.4m) and on farm (15´11´4m) were constructed for irrigation water availability. Provision of water harvesting tank increased the irrigation water availability (1781m3 and 630m3 respectively) and stored water was managed through various irrigation systems viz. rain gun, drip and flood.Result: It was resulted that the provision of water harvesting tanks enhanced the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system. Availability of irrigation encouraged the farmers to diversify the cropping pattern (soybean-chickpea, soybean -wheat). It is also clear from the study that even with smaller storage tank and through conjunctive use of ground (1164.2m3) and surface water (596m3), multiple crops (Soybean, potato, sweet corn, chickpea, onion, garlic etc.) can be grown. Soybean-Chickpea cropping system at station gave the net return of 70976 Rs/ha with B: C ratio of 3.15. Soybean-Wheat cropping system at farm gave the net return of 119000 Rs/ha with B:C ratio of 3.38.

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