scholarly journals Transplant Growth Control through Water Deficit Stress—A Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Liptay ◽  
Peter Sikkema ◽  
William Fonteno
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Unit Leaf

The theme of this review is modulation of extension growth in transplant production through restraint of watering of the seedlings. The purpose of the modulation is to produce transplants of 1) appropriate height for ease of field setting and 2) adequate stress tolerance to withstand outdoor environmental conditions. Physiological responses of the plant are discussed in relation to the degree of water deficit stress and are related to the degree of hardening or stress tolerance development in the transplants. Optimal stress tolerance or techniques for measuring same have not been fully defined in the literature. However, stress tolerance in seedlings is necessary to withstand environmental forces such as wind and sand-blasting after the seedlings are transplanted in the field. It is also imperative that the seedlings undertake a rapid and sustained rate of growth after outdoor transplanting. Water deficit stress applied to plants elicits many different physiological responses. For example, as leaf water potential begins to decrease, leaf enlargement is inhibited before photosynthesis or respiration is affected, with the result of a higher rate of dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area. The cause of the reduced leaf area may be a result of reduced K uptake by the roots with a concomitant reduction in cell expansion. Severe water deficits however, result in overstressed seedlings with stunted growth and poor establishment when transplanted into the field. In transplant production systems, appropriate levels of water deficit stress can be used as a management tool to produce seedlings conducive to the transplanting process.

Genotypic water-deficit stress responses in durum wheat: association between physiological traits, microRNA regulatory modules and yield components

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipei Liu ◽  
Amanda J. Able ◽  
Jason A. Able
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Time Points

In Mediterranean environments, water-deficit stress that occurs before anthesis significantly limits durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production. Stress tolerant and stress sensitive durum varieties exhibit genotypic differences in their response to pre-anthesis water-deficit stress as reflected by yield performance, but our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying tolerance is limited. We have previously identified stress responsive durum microRNAs (miRNAs) that could contribute to water-deficit stress tolerance by mediating post-transcriptional silencing of genes that lead to stress adaptation (e.g. miR160 and its targets ARF8 (auxin response factor 8) and ARF18). However, the temporal regulation pattern of miR160-ARFs after induction of pre-anthesis water-deficit stress in sensitive and tolerant varieties remains unknown. Here, the physiological responses of four durum genotypes are described by chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, and stomatal conductance at seven time-points during water-deficit stress from booting to anthesis. qPCR examination of miR160, ARF8 and ARF18 at these time-points revealed a complex stress responsive regulatory pattern, in the flag leaf and the head, subject to genotype. Harvest components and morphological traits measured at maturity confirmed the stress tolerance level of these four varieties for agronomic performance, and their potential association with the physiological responses. In general, the distinct regulatory pattern of miR160-ARFs among stress tolerant and sensitive durum varieties suggests that miRNA-mediated molecular pathways may contribute to the genotypic differences in the physiological traits, ultimately affecting yield components (e.g. the maintenance of harvest index and grain number).

scholarly journals Physiological and Morphological Responses of Some Iranian Commercial Grapevine Cultivars to Water Stress

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 857C-857
Author(s):  
Alireza Talaie* ◽  
Vali Rabiei ◽  
Ali Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Grapevine under arid and semi-arid are subjected to low soil water availability, accompanied by high levels of temperature and severe transpiration in the summer period. In spite of their deep root system, severe water stress may occur during that period. Therefore, study of morphological and physiological responses of grapevine cultivars to water stress, especially during the different phenological stages, are necessary. The effect of water deficit stress on morphological and physiological responses of four Iranian grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Bidaneh Sephid, Yaghooti Shiraz, Khoshnav, and Siaveh) were studied. This investigation was conducted as a factorial experiment in a complete randomized block design with four replications. In this study, 1-year-old own rooted vines were planted outdoor in plastic bags. Water stress was begun 115 days after bud break and contained for 2 months. Some vegetative and biochemical characters of leaves were evaluated; photosynthesis and gas exchange was measured. The results of analysis of variance indicated that water deficit stress decreased total dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, non soluble carbohydrate concentration, and chlorophyll content. The reduction of leaf area in `Yaghooti Shiraz' and total dry weight and root dry weight in `Bidaneh Sephid' were higher than two other cultivars. Under water deficit stress condition, the soluble carbohydrate concentration and proline content in grapevine cultivars increased. Net photosynthesis and gas exchange rate were markedly reduced in water deficit stressed vines.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Traits of Soybean as Affected by Drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
IA Rima ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
ZU Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress on morphophysiological parameters in soybean plant in pots at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during February to June, 2018. Seven soybean genotypes namely,i) G00081 ii) G00056 iii) Shohag iv) G00078 v) G00137 vi) G00035 and vii) G00060 were grown in two watering regimes viz. control (80% of the field capacity) and water deficit stress (50% of the field capacity). Morpho-physiological traits including plant height, number of leaf, relative water content, water saturation deficit, chlorophyll, proline, dry matter and yield were investigated. Results indicated that genotypic variability was found in water deficit stress tolerance in soybean. It was found that leaf of the genotype G00081 maintained higher water content, higher accumulation of prolineas well as less reduction of chlorophyll compared to other genotypes studied. Total dry matter accumulation and grain yield plant-1was also higher in this genotype. Genotype G00081 also showed relatively higher water deficit stress tolerance. On the contrary, G00035 was found to be susceptible showing lower yield. Higher water deficit stress tolerance in G00081 was attributed to higher relative leaf water and chlorophylls with accumulation of higher amount of proline. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 41-54

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Brassinosteroid 24-Norcholane 22(S)-23-Dihydroxy Type Analogs to Enhance Water Deficit Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Katy Díaz ◽  
Luis Espinoza ◽  
Rodrigo Carvajal ◽  
Evelyn Silva-Moreno ◽  
Andrés F. Olea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Exogenous Application

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that play an essential role in plant development and have the ability to protect plants against various environmental stresses, such as low and high temperature, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and pesticides. Mitigation of stress effects are produced through independent mechanisms or by interaction with other important phytohormones. However, there are few studies in which this property has been reported for BRs analogs. Thus, in this work, the enhancement of drought stress tolerance of A. thaliana was assessed for a series of 2-deoxybrassinosteroid analogs. In addition, the growth-promoting activity in the Rice Lamina Inclination Test (RLIT) was also evaluated. The results show that analog 1 exhibits similar growth activity as brassinolide (BL; used as positive control) in the RLIT bioassay. Interestingly, both compounds increase their activities by a factor of 1.2–1.5 when they are incorporated to polymer micelles formed by Pluronic F-127. On the other hand, tolerance to water deficit stress of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was evaluated by determining survival rate and dry weight of seedlings after the recovery period. In both cases, the effect of analog 1 is higher than that exhibited by BL. Additionally, the expression of a subset of drought stress marker genes was evaluated in presence and absence of exogenous applied BRs. Results obtained by qRT-PCR analysis, indicate that transcriptional changes of AtDREBD2A and AtNCED3 genes were more significant in A. thaliana treated with analog 1 in homogeneous solution than in that treated with BL. These changes suggest the activation of alternative pathway in response to water stress deficit. Thus, exogenous application of BRs synthetic analogs could be a potential tool for improvement of crop production under stress conditions.

The effect of water deficit on some physiological indices of Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Thin Pham Thi Thanh ◽  
Bang Cao Phi ◽  
Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Khuynh Bui The ◽  
Mai Nguyen Phuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Lactuca Indica ◽  
Wilting Rate

Indian Lettuce (Lactuca indica L.) is a valuable medicinal herb but there are still no many researches about this plant. In this work, the physiological responses of Indian lettuce plants under water deficit conditions (5, 8, and 11 days of water stress) were investigated. The Indian lettuce wilted after 5 days of water stress (66.66%), the wilting rate increased after 8 (93.33%) and 11 days (100%) of water stress. The longer duration of water deficit stress caused the slower recovery of plants after rewatering. The water deficit stress caused a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence, non-associated water content as well as flower formation of Indian lettuce. But the water deficit stress increases the associated water content and the flowering time of this plant.

Physiological and molecular basis of water-deficit stress tolerance in F1hybrids and their parental lines in rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Sasmita Pattnaik ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Kapil K. Tiwari ◽  
Chandra Prakash ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Parental Lines

Effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on yield and some physiological traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum) under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Ahmadvand ◽  
Somayeh Hajinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Severe Water Stress

Piriformospora indica is one of the cultivable root-colonising endophytic fungi of the order Sebacinales, which efficiently promote plant growth, uptake of nutrients, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. indica on millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under water-stress conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran, during 2014 and 2015. The first factor was three levels of water-deficit stress, with irrigation after 60 mm (well-watered), 90 mm (mild stress) and 120 mm (severe stress) evaporation from pan class A. The second factor was two levels of fungus P. indica: inoculated and uninoculated. Results showed that water-deficit stress significantly decreased grain yield and yield components. Colonisation by P. indica significantly increased number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight, regardless of water supply. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain yield by 11.4% (year 1) and 19.72% (year 2) in well-watered conditions and by 35.34% (year 1) and 32.59% (year 2) under drought stress, compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum flag-leaf area (21.71 cm2) was achieved with well-watered conditions. Severe water stress decreased flag-leaf area by 53.36%. Flag-leaf area was increased by 18.64% by fungus inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, inoculation with P. indica increased plant height by 27.07% and panicle length by 9.61%. Severe water stress caused a significant decrease in grain phosphorus concentration, by 42.42%, compared with the well-watered treatment. By contrast, grain nitrogen and protein contents were increased about 30.23% and 30.18%, respectively, with severe water stress. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain phosphorus by 24.22%, nitrogen by 7.47% and protein content by 7.54% compared with control. Water stress reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, whereas P. indica inoculation enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by 27.18% under severe water stress. The results indicated the positive effect of P. indica on yield and physiological traits of millet in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

Genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance contribute to differences in recovery from water stress in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. A. Likoswe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Root Effects

Genotypic effects on leaf survival during water deficit stress and subsequent recovery were evaluated using soybean plants grown in tall cylinders in the glasshouse. An initial experiment sought to verify reported genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance under severe water deficit stress. A second experiment sought to test the hypothesis that these putative differences might affect recovery after stress was relieved. Two shoot genotypes, G2120 and cv. Valder, reported to have high and low leaf area retention, respectively, were used in both experiments. In order to preclude the possibility that the reported differences between G2120 and Valder were related to root rather than shoot traits, each shoot was grafted at the cotyledonary stage onto 2 non-self root genotypes, cv. Leichhardt and PI416937. Leichhardt has an apparently normal root, while PI416937 has been reported to be ‘extensively fibrous-rooted’. In the first experiment, water was withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage and the plants subjected to terminal water deficit stress. Consistent with the previous report, leaf area was maintained for longer into the stress by the G2120 shoots, with rapid loss of lower leaves not starting until c. 90% of plant-available water (PAW) had been depleted, compared with c. 80% for Valder. The Valder leaves also showed more ‘firing’ damage, with large patches of dead leaf tissue on the retained leaves. Also consistent with the previous report, leaf epidermal conductance to water vapour was lower in G2120 than in Valder. There were no apparent root effects. In the second experiment, water was again withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage, and treatments were re-watered when 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95% of the estimated PAW was extracted. Again, G2120 shoots showed better leaf area maintenance during the drying cycle, and less firing damage. When the plants were re-watered, the re-growth of G2120 generally exceeded that of Valder at all levels of PAW depletion. The differences in recovery between G2120 and Valder shoots were sufficient to have agronomic relevance, and confirmed the hypothesis that leaf area retention can affect recovery after severe water deficit stress. Root effects were relatively small. During the drying cycle, leaflet growth was marginally enhanced by Leichhardt relative to PI416937 roots. After re-watering, there was stronger recovery of plants with PI416937 roots, especially those with G2120 shoots. The basis of the differences between the root genotypes is not known but the stronger recovery of PI416937 may reflect its putative ‘extensively fibrous’ nature.

scholarly journals Yield Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes to Water Deficit Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Mimi ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
MA Baset Mia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L

An experiment was carried out at research field of Agronomy, Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur from December 2013 to April 2014. Four soybean genotypes viz. i) G 00022 ii) Galarsum iii) BARI Soybean-5 and iv) G 00197 were grown in the field to evaluate the effects of water deficit stress on dry matter accumulation and yield. Plants were subjected to water stress that is irrigation was withdrawn at Blooming stage (R1) and Full Pod (R4 stages up to maturity. Dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components were reduced by the soil water deficit stress and reduction was higher at R1 stage than R4 stage of water stress. Among the genotypes, G 00022 showed the highest tolerance, while G 00197 was highly susceptible in all the water stress conditions. It was found that higher water deficit stress tolerance in G 00022 was associated with higher accumulation of leaf, stem, root and total dry matter under water stress condition.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 51-60

scholarly journals Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Impacts of Different Levels of Long-Term Water Deficit Stress on Linum album Ky. ex Boiss. Accessions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Reza Kiani ◽  
Vahideh Nazeri ◽  
Majid Shokrpour ◽  
Christophe Hano
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Linum Album ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Different Levels

Linum album (Ky. ex Boiss.) is an important medicinal plant that produces compounds such as the well-known anticancer lignan podophyllotoxin and fatty acids. Despite its high medicinal value, it has not yet been studied in detail under agricultural conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, and physiological responses of six L. album accessions under different levels of water deficit treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% available water) in pot conditions. Based on the results, some of the morphological characteristics of the response to water deficit were established. Accessions UTLA7, UTLA9, and UTLA10 showed a higher seed yield and dry weight of the vegetative part. There was a substantial difference in the occurrence of phenological stages in the accessions. The maturation process was accelerated in plants under stress conditions, and accession UTLA9 completed its complete growth cycle faster than the other accessions. The physiological responses of the different accessions did not show the same pattern on the basis of the characteristics studied, and significant differences were observed depending on the trait and accession. Among the most important results of this study was the diversity of responses in different accessions. Based on these results, it is recommended that morphological features (such as seed yield per plant, plant height, number of inflorescences per plant, shoot and root dry weight) be used to select tolerant accessions for the desired product.

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