scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Beta-carotene and Lutein Contents in Lettuce

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Β Carotene

There is increasing medical evidence for the health benefits derived from dietary intake of carotenoid antioxidants, such as β-carotene and lutein. Enhancing the nutritional levels of vegetables would improve the nutrient intake without requiring an increase in consumption. A breeding program to improve the nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) must start with an assessment of the existing genetic variation. To assess the genetic variability in carotenoid contents, 52 genotypes including crisphead, leaf, romaine, butterhead, primitive, Latin, and stem lettuces, and wild species were planted in the field in Salinas, Calif., in the Summer and Fall of 2003 with four replications. Duplicate samples from each plot were analyzed for chlorophyll (a and b), β-carotene, and lutein concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Wild accessions (L. serriola L., L. saligna L., L. virosa L., and primitive form) had higher β-carotene and lutein concentrations than cultivated lettuces, mainly due to the lower moisture content of wild lettuces. Among major types of cultivated lettuce, carotenoid concentration followed the order of: green leaf or romaine > red leaf > butterhead > crisphead. There was significant genetic variation in carotenoid concentration within each of these lettuce types. Crisphead lettuce accumulated more lutein than β-carotene, while other lettuce types had more β-carotene than lutein. Carotenoid concentration was higher in summer than in the fall, but was not affected by the position of the plant on the raised bed. Beta-carotene and lutein concentrations were highly correlated, suggesting that their levels could be enhanced simultaneously. Beta-carotene and lutein concentrations were both highly correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll concentrations, suggesting that carotenoid content could be selected indirectly through chlorophyll or color measurement. These results suggest that genetic improvement of carotenoid levels in lettuce is feasible.

Determination of Carotenoids in Yellow Maize, the Effects of Saponification and Food Preparations

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzhingi ◽  
Yeum ◽  
Russell ◽  
Johnson ◽  
Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
C30 Column ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Food Consumed

Maize is an important staple food consumed by millions of people in many countries. Yellow maize naturally contains carotenoids which not only provide provitamin A carotenoids but also xanthophylls, which are known to be important for eye health. This study was aimed at 1) evaluating the effect of saponification during extraction of yellow maize carotenoids, 2) determining the major carotenoids in 36 genotypes of yellow maize by high-performance liquid chromatography with a C30 column, and 3) determining the effect of cooking on the carotenoid content of yellow maize. The major carotenoids in yellow maize were identified as all-trans lutein, cis-isomers of lutein, all-trans zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, all-trans β-carotene, 9-cis β-carotene, and 13-cis β-carotene. Our results indicated that carotenoid extraction without saponification showed a significantly higher yield than that obtained using saponification. Results of the current study indicate that yellow maize is a good source of provitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls. Cooking by boiling yellow maize at 100° C for 30 minutes increased the carotenoid concentration, while baking at 450° F for 25 minutes decreased the carotenoid concentrations by almost 70% as compared to the uncooked yellow maize flour.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Some Fresh and Canned Aromatic Herbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Andrea BUNEA ◽  
Constantin BELE ◽  
Cristina TUDOR ◽  
Adela PINTEA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Aromatic Herbs

The chlorophylls, carotenoids, total polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity in fresh and stored Parsley, celery and dill leaves were comparatively determined by spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Results indicated that freezing does not induce significant changes in chlorophyll concentration. Drying induces significant decreases, varying according to the analyzed plant; parsley (60%), followed by dill (56.4%) and celery (45.3%). The carotenoids identified in all plants were lutein, b-carotene and cis-β-carotene. Fresh parsley leaves showed the highest total carotenoid concentration (21.64 mg/100g FW), followed by celery (15.41 mg/100g FW) and dill (14.95 mg/100g FW). Total polyphenols had an average concentration of 2.15 mg/g FW in parsley; 2.7 mg/g FW in dill and almost the double, 4.13 mg/g FW in celery. Drying of leaves induced a decrease with approximately 50% of the total polyphenol concentration, while freezing, did not significantly affect it. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the dill, followed by parsley and celery. In both types of methods (freezing and drying in the oven), decreases in antioxidant activity were observed.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient Management Practices Influence the Carotenoid Content and Profile of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Variety (UMUSPO 3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe ◽  
Udo U. Okpanku
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Food bio fortification holds a lot of promise for the alleviation of hidden hunger. The appropriate soil nutrient management methods that will maximize the pro vitamin A content of bio fortified Orange fleshed sweet potatoes bio fortified was evaluated in the present research. The carotenoid content and profile of OFSP variety grown on soils given five different nutrient managements were compared. The soil management treatments given were: Poultry manure at 10 x 103 kg /ha (VB1); Poultry manure at 5 x 103 kg/ha;( VB2): Poultry manure at 2.5 x 103 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha + Agrolyser at 2.7 kg/ha, (VB3) Agrolyser at 2.7 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha; (VB4) Poultry manure at 5.0 x 103 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha, (VB5) NPK 15:15:15 at 400 kg/ha. Carotenoids were extracted from the potato samples and analyzed using High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The best treatment that promoted high pro vitamin A carotenoid content was soil treatment with Poultry manure (5x 103 kg/ha+ NPK (200kg/ha). This soil treatment led to the highest contents of α-carotene (6.14μg/g); 13-cis-β-carotene (12.36μg/g); All-trans-β-carotene (87.89μg/g) and 9-cis-β-carotene (2.99μg/g). The best soil management treatment for the highest yield of β-cryptoxanthin (7.95μg/g) was poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha +NPK at 200kg/ha.

scholarly journals Procurement of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin in households of Brazil’s urban areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Padovani ◽  
Jaime Amaya-Farfán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Β Carotene

An assessment was made of the consumer accessibility by income to carotenoids in the eleven major Brazilian urban centers. The consumption data published by the POF (National Household Budget Survey, 1995-1996) and the Brazilian database on food carotenoids provided the basis for the study. The USDA-NCC Carotenoid Database for US foods was used whenever the carotenoid content was not found locally. Prudent individual daily intakes of beta-carotene (3 to 6mg), pro-vitamins A (5.2 to 6mg) and total carotenoids (9 to 18mg) were far from attained by the poorer households in all of the regions studied, but the availability rose as the level of income increased in all regions. The principal foods identified, which significantly contributed to the carotenoid supply were: (β-carotene) carrots, squash, mango and tomato, (lycopene) tomato, tomato sauce, watermelon and papaya, (lutein and zeaxanthin) corn flour, kale, lettuce and orange. The study suggests that consumption of carotenogenic foods in Brazil may have been low at the time, despite the wide natural distribution and abundance in the country. The implications that low consumption of carotenogenic foods may have on public health came to be better known in more recent years, but the data should be useful when comparing with the 2002/2003 POF.

scholarly journals Penentuan β-karoten dalam buah wortel (Daucus Carota) secara kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (U-HPLC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sonlimar Mangunsong ◽  
Rifqi Assiddiqy ◽  
Eka Puspa Sari ◽  
Priscila Natalia Marpaung ◽  
Rahma Arum Sari
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Β Carotene

The lifestyle of people who tend to be unhealthy causes a lot of free radicals in the body which can cause various diseases, especially degenerative diseases. To protect the body from attacks by free radicals, the body needs antioxidants such as β-carotene. One of the vegetables containing β-carotene is “wortel” Daucus carota, that  is very large in agriculture. The spread of beta carotene from carrots with chemical solvents has been done a lot, but without chemical solvents it has never been done. Based on the color, the content of β-carotene contained in carrots determines the content of beta carotene. The juice obtained by calcium salt was then centrifuged for 3000 rpm 15 minutes. The pellets are separated from the solution, evaporated to dryness, measured at a wavelength of 450-460. Pellets as beta-carotene calcium salts were analyzed by U-HPLC. The next pellet is measured at 460 wavelengths. The levels are determined by high performance liquid chromatography using C18 column and the mobile phase of chloroform-methanol (95:5) with a flow rate of 1 ml / minute at a wavelength of 460 nm. The content of β-carotene in the examination is up to 92,5%. The retention time obtained is 1,903 minutes. The results showed that this method can be used for the withdrawal and determination of β-carotene levels without organic chemical solvents.Pola  hidup masyarakat yang cenderung tidak sehat menyebabkan  banyak radikal bebas di dalam tubuh yang dapat mengakibatkan berbagai penyakit terutama penyakit degeneratif. Perlindungan tubuh dari serangan radikal bebas, perlu antioksidan seperti β-karoten. Salah satu sayuran  yang mengandung β-karoten adalah wortel, jumlahnya sangat banyak dalam pertanian. Berdasarkan warnanya, maka kandungan β-karoten yang terdapat dalam wortel menjadi penentu  kandungan beta karoten Metode ektraksi yang aman dari bahan pelarut kimia mutlak diperlukan.  Untuk mengetahui kandungan β-karoten dalam wortel,  lebih  dahulu dilakukan penghalusan  dengan blender, kemudian sari difilter /dipisahkan dari ampasnya. Sari  yangdiperleh ditambahkan garam kalsium kemudian disentrifus 3000 rpm  15 menit. Pelet dipisahkan dari larutannya, diuapkan hingga kering, Diukur pada panjang gelombang 450-460. Pelet sebagai garam kalsium betakaroten dianalisa dengan U-HPLC.  Pelet selanjutkan diukur pada panjang gelombang 460. ditetapkan kadarnya secara kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi menggunakan kolom C18 dan fase gerak kloroform–metanol (95:5) dengan laju alir 1 ml/menit pada panjang gelombang 460 nm. Kandungan β-karoten dalam pemeriksaan  sampai 92,5%. Waktu retensi yang diperoleh adalah 1,903 menit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ini dapat digunakan untuk penarikan dan penetapan kadar β-karoten dalam   tanpa pelarut kimia organik.

scholarly journals Concentrations of retinol and carotenoids in Jersey milk during different seasons and possible application of the colour parameter as an indicator of milk carotenoid content

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Nikolina Kelava Ugarković ◽  
Zvonimir Prpić ◽  
Miljenko Konjačić ◽  
Ivan Vnučec ◽  
Tomislav Rusan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Colour Parameter ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin in Jersey milk during different seasons and their correlation with milk colour parameters. During a sixmonths period the Jersey cows (n=77) were kept free-stall and fed with total mixed ratio (TMR; farm season), for the next three months the cows were kept for four hours on pasture and the rest of the day free-stall fed with TMR (transition season), and for the remaining three months they were kept predominantly on pasture (grazing season). A bulk milk samples (200 mL) were collected during the last week of each month in the period between May 2018 and April 2019. Retinol and carotenoids concentrations in cow milk were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography, while milk chemical composition was analysed by a MilkoScan FT 120 infra-red analyser. The season significantly (P<0.05) affected chemical composition of milk, and the highest (P<0.05) content of milk fat, protein and non-fat dry matter was found during the farm season. Retinol, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations (μg/100 mL) were as follows: 2.56±0.29, 4.15±0.27, 4.43±0.40 and 0.97±0.04. Lutein and retinol concentrations in Jersey milk were affected (P<0.05) by the season. The highest lutein concentration was found during the grazing season, while the farm season yielded the highest retinol concentration. Moderate and positive correlations (P<0.05) were found between β-carotene and lutein concentrations and colour parameter b*, resulting in a more intense yellow colour i.e. high values of colour parameter b*. The obtained results suggest that milk colour could be used to estimate carotenoid concentrations in milk.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Content in Cherry Tomatoes Correlated to the Color Space Values L*, a*, b*: A Non-destructive Method of Estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Shilpa Pandurangaiah ◽  
Sadashiva A T ◽  
Shivashankar K S ◽  
SudhakarRao D V ◽  
Ravishankar K V
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Cherry tomatoes are rich sources of carotenoids. The carotenoids are known to be precursors of vitamin A and also act as an antioxidant. It is important to visually judge the tomato surface color for higher β carotene content since this is the major provitamin AA carotenoid. Estimation of carotenoids by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and spectrophotometric methods in tomatoes are very expensive and time consuming. Therefore, colorimeters can be used to describe the color and determine the carotenoid content in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner. The objective of this study was to determine, if the carotenoid content within cherry tomatoes measured by conventional method could correlate with colorimetric CIE (Commission International del’Eclairage) L*, a*, b* color space values. Strong correlations were found between color surface value a* and total carotenoids (0.82) and lycopene content (0.87). We also observed positive correlation for the b* color value with β carotene (0.86). The L* value was negatively correlated (-0.78) with an increase in carotenoids. These close associations between color space values L*, a*, b* and carotenoids will help the breeders to quickly screen large germplasm/ breeding lines in their breeding program for improvement in carotenoid content through this time saving, inexpensive and nondestructive method at fully ripe stage.

scholarly journals Genotype × Environment Interactions for Potato Tuber Carotenoid Content

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen G. Haynes ◽  
Beverly A. Clevidence ◽  
David Rao ◽  
Bryan T. Vinyard ◽  
J. Marion White
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway

Consumption of carotenoid-containing foods can promote human health. Although yellow-fleshed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) have a higher carotenoid content than white-fleshed potatoes, little is known about how growing environments may affect individual and total carotenoid content in different potato clones. The purposes of this study were to estimate the amount of genetic variability in potato for five xanthophyll carotenoids, their concentration, and to determine the stability of these carotenoids across environments. Nine white- or yellow-fleshed tetraploid clones were grown in Maine and Florida for 2 years. Carotenoids were extracted in acetone and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were significant differences among clones for zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid content. There were significant clone × environment interactions for zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid. Broad-sense heritabilities (and their 95% confidence intervals) were 0.89 (0.79–0.98) for zeaxanthin, 0.93 (0.87–0.99) for antheraxanthin, 0.68 (0.14–0.92) for violaxanthin, 0.51 (0.00–0.88) for neoxanthin, 0.85 (0.70–0.97) for lutein, and 0.96 (0.89–0.99) for total carotenoid. Clonal mean total carotenoid content ranged from 101 to 511 μg/100 g fresh weight. A higher proportion of carotenoids were produced by the lycopene epsilon cyclase branch of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in white-fleshed than yellow-fleshed clones. Total carotenoid content in B2333-5 was significantly greater than in ‘Yukon Gold’. With genetic variation for individual and total carotenoid content in potatoes, improving the levels of carotenoids has been and should continue to be feasible; however, concentrations are likely to vary in different environments.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Concentration and Composition in Winter Squash: Variability Associated with Different Cultigens, Harvest Maturities, and Storage Times

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bonina-Noseworthy ◽  
J. Brent Loy ◽  
Joanne Curran-Celentano ◽  
Rebecca Sideman ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
Winter Squash ◽  
Β Carotene

In the present study, carotenoid concentrations and profiles of carotenoids were determined at harvest and during storage in fruit of several cultigens of winter squash, including several New Hampshire (NH) breeding lines, the cultivars Waltham Butternut and Puritan Butternut in Cucurbita moschata (Duch.), and the hybrid cultivars Sunshine, Eclipse, Space Station, and Thunder in Cucurbita maxima (Duch.). Cultigens were grown at research farms in either Madbury or Durham, NH, in 2007, 2008, and 2009, and fruit were harvested at either 40 or 60 days after pollination (DAP), and stored for 0, 30, or 60 days at 14 °C before sampling. Total carotenoid concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically and carotenoid profiles were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Carotenoid concentrations in fruit samples of C. maxima cultigens harvested at 60 DAP ranged from 146 to 320 μg·g−1 fresh weight (FW), compared with concentrations of 274 to 623 μg·g−1 FW after storage for 60 days. Carotenoid concentrations were lower among C. moschata cultigens, ranging from 42 to 145 μg·g−1 FW at 60 DAP, and from 84 to 239 μg·g−1 FW after 60-day storage. The nutritionally important carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, comprised 41% to 63% of the total carotenoid profile in the C. maxima kabocha hybrids; whereas, the carotenoids neoxanthin and flavoxanthin comprised 37% to 59%. β-Carotene and lutein were the major nutritionally beneficial carotenoids identified in ‘Waltham Butternut’ and three inbred lines of C. moschata, along with much smaller concentrations of α-carotene. Neoxanthin and violaxanthin comprised between 14% and 29% of the total carotenoid profiles among the four cultigens analyzed. In the popular cultivar Waltham Butternut, the β-carotene concentration was 17.3 μg·g−1 FW at 60 DAP, but increased to a maximum of 57.8 μg·g−1 FW after storage for 30 days; whereas, lutein concentrations increased from 27.3 μg·g−1 FW at 60 DAP to 44.6 μg·g−1 FW after 60-day storage. In Sunshine, a popular kabocha cultivar, β-carotene increased from 26.0 μg·g−1 FW at 60 DAP to 104 μg·g−1 FW after 60-day storage. Lutein + zeaxanthin concentrations in ‘Sunshine’ were 58.8 μg·g−1 FW at 60 DAP, but increased only to 71.8 μg·g−1 FW after 60-day storage. Total carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid profiles in ‘Sunshine’ over three growing seasons, and in ‘Waltham Butternut’, ‘NH.Mo421’, and ‘NH.Mo851’ over two growing seasons, were similar.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Content in Breastmilk in the 3rd and 6th Month of Lactation and Its Associations with Maternal Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Characteristics

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Zielinska ◽  
Jadwiga Hamulka ◽  
Aleksandra Wesolowska
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are diet-dependent milk components that are important for the visual and cognitive development of an infant. This study determined β-carotene, lycopene and lutein + zeaxanthin in breastmilk and its associations with dietary intake from healthy Polish mothers in the first six months of lactation. Concentrations of carotenoids in breastmilk were measured by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) (first, third, sixth month of lactation) and dietary intake was assessed based on a three-day dietary record (third and sixth month of lactation). The average age of participants (n = 53) was 31.4 ± 3.8 years. The breastmilk concentrations of carotenoids were not changed over the progress of lactation. Lycopene was a carotenoid with the highest content in breastmilk (first month 112.2 (95% CI 106.1–118.3)—sixth month 110.1 (103.9–116.3) nmol/L) and maternal diet (third month 7897.3 (5465.2–10329.5) and sixth month 7255.8 (5037.5–9474.1) µg/day). There was a positive correlation between carotenoids in breastmilk and dietary intake (lycopene r = 0.374, r = 0.338; lutein + zeaxanthin r = 0.711, r = 0.726, 3rd and 6th month, respectively) and an inverse correlation with maternal BMI in the third month of lactation (β-carotene: r = −0.248, lycopene: r = −0.286, lutein + zeaxanthin: r = −0.355). Adjusted multivariate regression models confirmed an association between lutein + zeaxanthin intake and its concentration in breastmilk (third month: β = 0.730 (0.516–0.943); 6th: β = 0.644 (0.448–0.840)). Due to the positive associations between dietary intake and breastmilk concentrations, breastfeeding mothers should have a diet that is abundant in carotenoids.

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