scholarly journals Soil Nutrient Management Practices Influence the Carotenoid Content and Profile of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Variety (UMUSPO 3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe ◽  
Udo U. Okpanku
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Food bio fortification holds a lot of promise for the alleviation of hidden hunger. The appropriate soil nutrient management methods that will maximize the pro vitamin A content of bio fortified Orange fleshed sweet potatoes bio fortified was evaluated in the present research. The carotenoid content and profile of OFSP variety grown on soils given five different nutrient managements were compared. The soil management treatments given were: Poultry manure at 10 x 103 kg /ha (VB1); Poultry manure at 5 x 103 kg/ha;( VB2): Poultry manure at 2.5 x 103 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha + Agrolyser at 2.7 kg/ha, (VB3) Agrolyser at 2.7 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha; (VB4) Poultry manure at 5.0 x 103 kg/ha + NPK at 200 kg/ha, (VB5) NPK 15:15:15 at 400 kg/ha. Carotenoids were extracted from the potato samples and analyzed using High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The best treatment that promoted high pro vitamin A carotenoid content was soil treatment with Poultry manure (5x 103 kg/ha+ NPK (200kg/ha). This soil treatment led to the highest contents of α-carotene (6.14μg/g); 13-cis-β-carotene (12.36μg/g); All-trans-β-carotene (87.89μg/g) and 9-cis-β-carotene (2.99μg/g). The best soil management treatment for the highest yield of β-cryptoxanthin (7.95μg/g) was poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha +NPK at 200kg/ha.

scholarly journals Cassava with enhanced β-carotene maintains adequate vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Howe ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Isomer Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Efforts to increase β-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-β-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin A deficiency has not been determined. Two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin A in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin A status in vitamin A-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils were fed a vitamin A-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. In Expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) included 45 % high-β-carotene cassava, β-carotene and vitamin A supplements (intake matched to high-β-carotene cassava group), and oil control. In Expt 2, gerbils were fed cassava feeds with 1·8 or 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g prepared with two varieties. Gerbils were killed after 4 weeks. For Expt 1, liver vitamin A was higher (P < 0·05) in the vitamin A (1·45 (sd 0·23) μmol/liver), lower in the control (0·43 (sd 0·10) μmol/liver), but did not differ from the β-carotene group (0·77 (sd 0·12) μmol/liver) when compared with the high-β-carotene cassava group (0·69 (sd 0·20) μmol/liver). The bioconversion factor was 3·7 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (2 mol:1 mol), despite 48 % cis-β-carotene [(Z)-β-carotene] composition in cassava. In Expt 2, cassava feed with 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g maintained vitamin A status. No effect of cassava variety was observed. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ. β-Carotene was detected in livers of gerbils receiving cassava and supplements, but the cis-to-trans ratio in liver differed from intake. Biofortified cassava adequately maintained vitamin A status and was as efficacious as β-carotene supplementation in the gerbil model.

scholarly journals Retention of Pro-Vitamin A Content in Products from New Biofortified Cassava Varieties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Emmanuel Eyinla ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu ◽  
Rasaki Ajani Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Percentage Retention ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Plant breeding efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have produced biofortified cassava with high carotenoid content to address vitamin A deficiencies (VAD). Since carotenoids in foods are easily depleted during processing, the retention of β-carotene in some newly released cassava varieties is under query. From four of these new varieties, two commonly consumed products (gari and its dough) were processed according to standard methods. Retention of β-carotene was then probed after applying fermentation periods of a day and three days. The possible contribution of the products to Vitamin A intake in children, adolescents, and women was also assessed. The concentration of β-carotene in fresh Cassava roots ranged from 5.32 to 7.81 µg/g. The percentage retention ranged from 14.4 to 29.3% and 10 to 21.7% in gari fermented for one and three days respectively. The impact of varietal difference and length of fermentation was significant on retention in the intermediate and final products (p < 0.001). When compared with dietary intake data, cooking biofortified gari into its dough reduced Vitamin A intake in most varieties. We conclude that processing Cassava into gari (especially its dough) could hinder the retention of β-carotene however some varieties have retention advantage over others irrespective of the initial concentration in their fresh roots.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
John Havlin ◽  
Ron Heiniger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management

Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.

scholarly journals Optimum application levels of nitrogen and zinc for maize (Zea Mays L.) production at Abaji, Federal capital territory, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Olowookere ◽  
B. T ◽  
Salihu D. A. ◽  
Oyerinde G.T
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
The Face ◽  
Single Super Phosphate ◽  
Zinc Levels

Efficient utilization of Nutrient will help boost crop yield in the face of rapidly increasing population and food insecurity. This study evaluates the effects of varying nitrogen and zinc rates on growth and yield of maize in Abaji, Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Four Nitrogen levels (0 kg N/ha, 40 kg N/ha, 80 kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha) were evaluate with two Zinc levels (0 kg Zn/ha and 2 kg Zn/ha). The experimental factors were combined with a Factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Nitrogen was applied as Urea while Zn was applied with Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4). Phosphorous was applied with Single Super Phosphate (SSP) at the rate of 60 kg P2O5/ha and potassium was supplied with Muriate of Potash (MOP) at 60 kg K2O/ha. Result shows that Nitrogen application rate of 80 kg N/ha gave the optimum yield in the study area and was recommended for adoption along with other sustainable soil nutrient management practices.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality Response of Carrot (Daucus carota) to Different Rates of Inorganic Fertilizer and Biochar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kwaku Asante ◽  
Joseph Manu-Aduening ◽  
Margaret Esi Essilfie
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer

Nutritional quality of most high valued crops including carrot can be influenced by soil management practices. A field study to evaluate soil management improvement effect on nutritional quality of carrot was carried out in two contrasting cropping seasons of two rainfall regimes ranging from 600 mm to 800 mm in 2016 and 2017 at Mampong in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana. Three rates of soil amendments using biochar rates of 0, 5 and 10 tons/ha and five rates of inorganic fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15 at 200 kg/ha; P&K 50:50 at 50 kg/ha; P&K 50:100 at 50 kg/ha; Liquid Fertilizer at 1 L: 200 L Water/ha; and the control were applied using 3x5 factorial in RCBD. The combined analysis for the different treatments showed that NPK at 200 kg/ha+10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content while Liquid fertilizer+5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest beta-carotene and total carotenoid contents in carrot root during the minor cropping season of 2016. However, during the major copping season of 2017, a combination of liquid fertilizer +10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content whilst NPK at 200 kg/ha +5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest carotenoid content for the carrot. Nutritional contents such as carbohydrate, beta-carotene and total carotenoids were boosted by soil amendments. This indicates that both biochar and inorganic fertilizers have varying effects on the nutritional qualities of carrot.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Modules on yield, yield attributes and profitability of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)] in Western Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Rahul Verma ◽  
P. K. Singh ◽  
Vivek . ◽  
R. K. Naresh ◽  
M. Sharath Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Press Mud

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) modules on indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Western U.P., variety Pusa Vijay at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Main Campus, Modipuram  Meerut, during Rabi season, 2020-21. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam texture, alkaline in nature with pH, low in organic carbon (0.42%) and available nitrogen (181.60 kg/ha), available phosphors (16.50 kg/ha), available potassium (230.47 kg/ha) and available sulphur (7.38 kg/ha). Ten treatments of different nutrient management practices consisting T1 Control, T2 100% RDN (120 kg. N/ha), T3 75% RDN, T4 75% RDN + 25% through Vermicompost (VC), T5 75% RDN + 25% through Poultry Manure (PM), T6 75% RDN + 25% through Press Mud Compost (PMC), T7 75% RDN + 25% through [ VC , PM (1:1) ], T8 75% RDN + 25% through [VC, PMC (1:1) ], T9 75% RDN + 25% through [PM , PMC (1:1)], T10 75% RDN + 25% through [VC , PM, PMC (1:1:1)] were tested in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that yield attributes (siliqua length, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1 and test weight), grain and stover yield (q ha-1). The increment in seed yield with application of 75% RDN + 25% through [VC, PM, PMC (1:1:1)] was 130.98 % over control. The maximum gross return and net return were recorded with the application of 75% RDN + 25% through [VC, PM, PMC (1:1:1)], however B:C ratio was lower than the use of RDF only but in application of  vermicompost, press mud compost and poultry manure enhance soil fertility which improve the productivity and productivity of mustard.

A multifocal approach towards understanding the complexities of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Upasna Chettry ◽  
Nikhil K Chrungoo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Stress Signal ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids are mostly C40 terpenoids that participate in several important functions in plants including photosynthesis, responses to various forms of stress, signal transduction and photoprotection. While the antioxidant potential of carotenoids is of particular importance for human health, equally important is the role of β-carotene as the precursor for vitamin A in the human diet. Rice, which contributes upto 40% of dietary energy for mankind, contains very low level of β-carotene, thereby making it an important crop for enhancing β-carotene accumulation in its grains and consequently targeting vitamin A deficiency. Biosynthesis of carotenoids in the endosperm of white rice is blocked at the first enzymatic step wherein geranylgeranyl diphosphate is converted to phytoene by the action of phytoene synthase (PSY). Strategies aimed at enhancing β-carotene levels in the endosperm of white rice identified Narcissus pseudonarcissus (npPSY) and bacterial CRT1 as the regulators of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in rice. Besides transcriptional regulation of PSY, posttranscriptional regulation of PSY expression by OR gene, molecular synergism between ε-LCY and β-LCY and epigenetic control of CRITSO through SET DOMAIN containing protein appear to be the other regulatory nodes which regulate carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice grains. In this review, we elucidate a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism in crops that will enable us to identify an effective tool to alleviate carotenoid content in rice grains.

Lipid-soluble antioxidants status and some of its socio-economic determinants among pregnant Ethiopians at the third trimester

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Wondmikun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the serum levels of three lipid-soluble antioxidants (retinol, β-carotene and α-tocopherol) in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) in Gondar, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study involving laboratory determination of serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene using high-performance liquid chromatography and questionnaire-based assessment of socio-economic status.SettingANC of a university teaching hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-two healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended the ANC.ResultsMean serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found to be 1.23±0.5, 25.5±0.9 and 0.21±0.09 μmol l−1, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<1.05 μmol l−1) among pregnant women was 38.5%. Women having low retinol (vitamin A) levels were highly likely to live in earth-floored and mud-walled houses, and less likely to own a house and to have a latrine.ConclusionThe study shows that serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants were low among ANC attendees in northern Ethiopia. It also indicates that some socio-economic factors (such as poor housing standard) are associated with vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Concentrations of retinol and carotenoids in Jersey milk during different seasons and possible application of the colour parameter as an indicator of milk carotenoid content

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Nikolina Kelava Ugarković ◽  
Zvonimir Prpić ◽  
Miljenko Konjačić ◽  
Ivan Vnučec ◽  
Tomislav Rusan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Colour Parameter ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin in Jersey milk during different seasons and their correlation with milk colour parameters. During a sixmonths period the Jersey cows (n=77) were kept free-stall and fed with total mixed ratio (TMR; farm season), for the next three months the cows were kept for four hours on pasture and the rest of the day free-stall fed with TMR (transition season), and for the remaining three months they were kept predominantly on pasture (grazing season). A bulk milk samples (200 mL) were collected during the last week of each month in the period between May 2018 and April 2019. Retinol and carotenoids concentrations in cow milk were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography, while milk chemical composition was analysed by a MilkoScan FT 120 infra-red analyser. The season significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected chemical composition of milk, and the highest (P&lt;0.05) content of milk fat, protein and non-fat dry matter was found during the farm season. Retinol, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations (μg/100 mL) were as follows: 2.56±0.29, 4.15±0.27, 4.43±0.40 and 0.97±0.04. Lutein and retinol concentrations in Jersey milk were affected (P&lt;0.05) by the season. The highest lutein concentration was found during the grazing season, while the farm season yielded the highest retinol concentration. Moderate and positive correlations (P&lt;0.05) were found between β-carotene and lutein concentrations and colour parameter b*, resulting in a more intense yellow colour i.e. high values of colour parameter b*. The obtained results suggest that milk colour could be used to estimate carotenoid concentrations in milk.

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