scholarly journals Modification of Plant Height via RNAi Suppression of MdGA20-ox Gene Expression in Apple

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Yuexue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Ga Content

GA20-oxidase (GA20-ox) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA). To investigate its role in plant growth and development, we suppressed MdGA20-ox gene expression in apple (Malus domestica cv. Hanfu) plants by RNA interference (RNAi). After 20 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, significant phenotype differences were observed between transgenic lines and the nontransgenic control. Suppression of MdGA20-ox gene expression resulted in lower plant height, shorter internode length, and higher number of nodes compared with the nontransgenic control. The expression of MdGA20-ox in transgenic plants was significantly suppressed, and the active GA content in transgenic lines was lower than that in the nontransgenic control. These results demonstrated that the MdGA20-ox gene plays an important role in vegetative growth, and therefore it is possible to develop dwarfed or compact scion apple cultivars by MdGA20-ox gene silencing.

scholarly journals The miR528-D3 module regulates plant height in rice by modulating the gibberellin and abscisic acid metabolisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Lingjuan Xie ◽  
Zhengxin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Ga Content

Abstract Background Plant height, as one of the important agronomic traits of rice, is closely related to yield. In recent years, plant height-related genes have been characterized and identified, among which the D3 gene is one of the target genes of miR528, and regulates rice plant height and tillering mainly by affecting strigolactone (SL) signal transduction. However, it remains unknown whether the miR528 and D3 interaction functions in controlling plant height, and the underlying regulatory mechanism in rice. Results In this study, we found that the plant height, internode length, and cell length of internodes of d3 mutants and miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) lines were greatly shorter than WT, D3-overexpressing (OE-D3), and miR528 target mimicry (OE-MIM528) transgenic plants. Knockout of D3 gene (d3 mutants) or miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) triggers a substantial reduction of gibberellin (GA) content, but a significant increase of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation than in WT. The d3 and OE-miR528 transgenic plants were much more sensitive to GA, but less sensitive to ABA than WT. Moreover, the expression level of GA biosynthesis-related key genes, including OsCPS1, OsCPS2, OsKO2 and OsKAO was remarkably higher in OE-D3 plants, while the NECD2 expression, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, was significantly higher in d3 mutants than in WT and OE-D3 plants. Conclusion The results indicate that the miR528-D3 module negatively regulates plant height in rice by modulating the GA and ABA homeostasis, thereby further affecting the elongation of internodes, and resulting in lower plant height, which adds a new regulatory role to the D3-mediated plant height controlling in rice.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Signal Molecules Regulates Plant Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Xuan ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Chongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Third

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), once recognized only as a poisonous gas, is now considered the third endogenous gaseous transmitter, along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that H2S plays positive roles in plant growth and development when at appropriate concentrations, including seed germination, root development, photosynthesis, stomatal movement, and organ abscission under both normal and stress conditions. H2S influences these processes by altering gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as regulating the contents of some secondary metabolites. In its regulatory roles, H2S always interacts with either plant hormones, other gasotransmitters, or ionic signals, such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, CO, NO, and Ca2+. Remarkably, H2S also contributes to the post-translational modification of proteins to affect protein activities, structures, and sub-cellular localization. Here, we review the functions of H2S at different stages of plant development, focusing on the S-sulfhydration of proteins mediated by H2S and the crosstalk between H2S and other signaling molecules.

scholarly journals Effects of Nocturnal Soil Temperatures and Meloidogyne incognita Densities on Cotton Seedling Growth and the Interaction with Thielaviopsis basicola

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Monfort ◽  
T. L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
C. S. Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil temperatures typical of field conditions during the first 6 weeks of the growing season in Arkansas and different population densities of Meloidogyne incognita on damage to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings associated with the interaction between M. incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola. Treatments consisted of varying nocturnal temperatures that approximated the temperatures that occurred during the 2001, 2002, and 2003 growing seasons in southeastern Arkansas. Nocturnal temperatures in the study were as follows: high, the first week at 15°C, followed by 3 weeks at 17°C, 1 week at 21°C, and 1 week at 17°C (approximating the 2002 season); medium, 3 weeks at 15°C and 3 weeks at 19°C (approximating the 2003 season); and low, 1 week at 15°C, 1 week at 13°C, 2 weeks at 17°C, 1 week at 15°C, and 1 week at 17°C (approximating the 2001 season). Pathogen population densities were either 0 or 100 chlamydospores of T. basicola per gram of soil and 0, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 eggs of M. incognita per 500 cm3of soil. Plant height and fresh top weight increased with an increase in nocturnal temperature across treatments. There were significant reductions in plant growth and development with T. basicola, but not with M. incognita, at these nocturnal temperatures, but decreased plant height and weight were seen where both pathogens were present in comparison with either pathogen alone. Trends of increased disease associated with T. basicola were observed with increasing inoculum rates of M. incognita, indicating that the interaction between T. basicola and M. incognita occurs even at soil temperatures below the minimum temperature reported as necessary for damage from M. incognita.

scholarly journals Regulation of Photomorphogenic Development by Plant Phytochromes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Tripathi ◽  
Quyen T. N. Hoang ◽  
Yun-Jeong Han ◽  
Jeong-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Light Signals ◽  
Key Events

Photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis are two key events that control plant development, from seed germination to flowering and senescence. A group of wavelength-specific photoreceptors, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and various transcription factors work together to regulate these two critical processes. Phytochromes are the main photoreceptors in plants for perceiving red/far-red light and transducing the light signals to downstream factors that regulate the gene expression network for photomorphogenic development. In this review, we highlight key developmental stages in the life cycle of plants and how phytochromes and other components in the phytochrome signaling pathway play roles in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid-regulated plant growth and development and gene expression in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Yin ◽  
Nana Dong ◽  
Mei Niu ◽  
Xiaoxing Zhang ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

scholarly journals Regulatory Functions of SnRK1 in Stress-Responsive Gene Expression and in Plant Growth and Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 1955-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Cho ◽  
Jung-Woo Hong ◽  
Eun-Chul Kim ◽  
Sang-Dong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Responsive Gene ◽  
Regulatory Functions

scholarly journals Exogenous Gene Expression and Insect Resistance in Dual Bt Toxin Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ Transgenic Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Ren ◽  
Xinglu Zhou ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jinmao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Exogenous Gene

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal protein genes are important tools in efforts to develop insect resistance in poplar. In this study, the Cry1Ac and Cry3A Bt toxin genes were simultaneously transformed into the poplar variety Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to explore the exogenous gene expression and insect resistance, and to examine the effects of Bt toxin on the growth and development of Anoplophora glabripennis larvae after feeding on the transgenic plant. Integration and expression of the transgenes were determined by molecular analyses and the insect resistance of transgenic lines was evaluated in feeding experiments. Sixteen transgenic dual Bt toxin genes Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ lines were obtained. The dual Bt toxin genes were expressed at both the transcriptional and translational levels; however, Cry3A protein levels were much higher than those of Cry1Ac. Some of the transgenic lines exhibited high resistance to the first instar larvae of Hyphantria cunea and Micromelalopha troglodyta, and the first and second instar larvae and adults of Plagiodera versicolora. Six transgenic lines inhibited the growth and development of A. glabripennis larvae. The differences in the transcriptomes of A. glabripennis larvae fed transgenic lines or non-transgenic control by RNA-seq analyses were determined to reveal the mechanism by which Bt toxin regulates the growth and development of longicorn beetle larvae. The expression of genes related to Bt prototoxin activation, digestive enzymes, binding receptors, and detoxification and protective enzymes showed significant changes in A. glabripennis larvae fed Bt toxin, indicating that the larvae responded by regulating the expression of genes related to their growth and development. This study lay a theoretical foundation for developing resistance to A. glabripennis in poplar, and provide a foundation for exploring the mechanism of Bt toxin action on Cerambycidae insects.

scholarly journals Seeing the unseen: How plants sense UV-B

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Baxter ◽  
Gareth I. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Signal Cascade

Sunlight not only drives photosynthesis, but also provides cues to regulate plant growth and development. Termed photomorphogenesis, this ability to modulate development in response to changes in light is key to plant survival. Plants have evolved several photoreceptors to perceive and respond to different wavelengths of light found in the daylight spectrum. The majority of plant photoreceptors are proteins with a bound chromophore, a non-protein component that captures photon energy from a particular wavelength of light and converts it into a signal by inducing conformational changes in the protein itself. The resulting changes in the protein activate a signal cascade, which in turn produces alterations in gene expression, allowing the plant to adapt to the light environment. This article discusses what is known about a novel plant photoreceptor, UVR8, and the signalling pathway it activates.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Manure at Various Dose Added Agrobost to The Growth of Mango Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Musadia Afa ◽  
Robiatul Adawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

One of the efforts to increase mango production in Southeast Sulawesi is to produce high quality and high quantity mango seeds. Manure contains macro and micro nutrients that are important for plant growth and development as well as play a role in maintaining nutrient balance in the soil to improve soil properties. The aim of this study was to obtain the best manure doses applied with agrobost in improving the growth of Arumanis mango seedlings. This research was conducted in Kemaraya Sub-District of West Kendari District, Kendari City. The study design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments, namely: control (T0), 100 g (T1); 150 g (T2); 200 g (T3); 250 g (T4); and 300 g (T5) of manure per polybag. Each treatment was added with agrobost of 17 ml/polybag and replicated 5 times. The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter; number of leaves, and leaf area, at ages 1, 2, and 3 months after planting. The results showed that the manure added agrobost influenced the growth of Arumanis mango seedlings. The manure treatment with a dose of 150 g per polybag (T2) was the best treatment in improving the growth of Arumanis mangoes at 1, 2 and 3 months after planting. This was indicated by the plant height of 28,40; 30,94; and 32,82 cm, stem diameter of 0,44; 0,70; and 0,99 cm; and number of leaves 6,60; 7,20 and 9,00 strands were significantly higher compared to other treatments during the study

scholarly journals Influence of PGPB Inoculation on HSP70 and HMA3 Gene Expression in Switchgrass under Cadmium Stress

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begum ◽  
Hu ◽  
Cai ◽  
Lou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Acetic Acid Production

This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of HSP70 and HMA3 in the switchgrass inoculated with plant-growth-promoting-bacteria (PGPB) under cadmium (Cd) stress and to observe the benefit of PGPB in plant growth and development. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture and treated with PGPB inoculants: Pseudomonas grimontii, Pantoea vagans, Pseudomonas veronii, and Pseudomonas fluorescens with the strains Bc09, So23, E02, and Oj24, respectively. The experimental results revealed that HSP70 and HMA3 genes expressed highly in the PGPB-inoculated plants under Cd stress. In addition, the expression of HSP70 and HMA3 genes was considerably higher in the first two days after successive four-day exposure of Cd in plants compared to the last two days of exposure. Increased biomass and indole-3-acetic-acid production with reduced Cd accumulation were observed in the PGPB-inoculated plants under Cd stress compared to the Cd-control plants. These PGPB, with their beneficial mechanisms, protect plants by modifying the gene expression profile that arises during Cd-toxic conditions and increased the healthy biomass of switchgrass. This demonstrates there is a correlation among the growth parameters under Cd stress. The PGPB in this study may help to intensify agriculture by triggering mechanisms to encourage plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

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