scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Involvement in Bermudagrass Response to Salt Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Liu ◽  
Jibiao Fan ◽  
Margaret Mukami Gitau ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Jinmin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Damage Effect ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is a warm-season turfgrass that has the potential to improve saline and alkaline soils. However, its utilization is severely limited by high salinity. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance its tolerance to salt stress. Previous studies have proved that nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in various biological processes. However, the role of NO in bermudagrass response to salt is unknown. Our objective here was to investigate whether and how NO contributes to the protection of bermudagrass against salt stress in bermudagrass. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) served as the NO donor, while 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramentylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-xide (PTIO) plus NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) acted as the NO inhibitor. The treatment of bermudagrass with 400 mm salt solution occurred under different regimes: control, SNP, PTIO + L-NAME (PL). The results showed that 400 mm salinity caused significant toxicity to bermudagrass. However, SNP alleviated damage effect on plant growth and ionic balance as indicated by higher water content, chlorophyll content, higher chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) curves and K+:Na+, Mg2+:Na+, and Ca2+:Na+ ratios. Also, lower levels of electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde, H2O2, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities suggested that NO reduced the membrane injury and lipid peroxidation under salt treatment, while PL regime showed severe damage. In summary, our results suggest that NO has some beneficial effects on the maintenance of cell membrane stability, alleviation of oxidative damage and maintenance of ion homeostasis and plant photosythesis when bermudagrass is exposed to high salinity condition.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Is Associated With Heterosis of Salinity Tolerance in Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Cheng ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Parental Lines

Heterosis is most frequently manifested as the superior performance of a hybrid than either of the parents, especially under stress conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous signaling molecule that acts as a functional component during plant growth, development, and defense responses. In this study, the Brassica napus L. hybrid (F1, NJ4375 × MB1942) showed significant heterosis under salt stress, during both germination and post-germination periods. These phenotypes in the hybrid were in parallel with the better performance in redox homeostasis, including alleviation of reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and ion homeostasis, evaluated as a lower Na/K ratio in the leaves than parental lines. Meanwhile, stimulation of endogenous NO was more pronounced in hybrid plants, compared with parental lines, which might be mediated by nitrate reductase. Proteomic and biochemical analyses further revealed that protein abundance related to several metabolic processes, including chlorophyll biosynthesis, proline metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism pathway, was greatly suppressed by salt stress in the two parental lines than in the hybrid. The above responses in hybrid plants were intensified by a NO-releasing compound, but abolished by a NO scavenger, both of which were matched with the changes in chlorophyll and proline contents. It was deduced that the above metabolic processes might play important roles in heterosis upon salt stress. Taken together, we proposed that heterosis derived from F1 hybridization in salt stress tolerance might be mediated by NO-dependent activation of defense responses and metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide modulating ion balance in Hylotelephium erythrostictum roots subjected to NaCl stress based on the analysis of transcriptome, fluorescence, and ion fluxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Chen ◽  
Xueqi Zhao ◽  
Zenghui Hu ◽  
Pingsheng Leng
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors

AbstractSoil salinization is one of the main stress factors that affect both growth and development of plants. Hylotelephium erythrostictum exhibits strong resistance to salt, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, hydroponically cultured seedlings of H. erythrostictum were exposed to 200 mM NaCl. RNA-Seq was used to determine root transcriptomes at 0, 5, and 10 days, and potential candidate genes with differential expression were analyzed. Transcriptome sequencing generated 89.413 Gb of raw data, which were assembled into 111,341 unigenes, 82,081 of which were annotated. Differentially expressed genes associated to Na+ and K+ transport, Ca2+ channel, calcium binding protein, and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis had high expression levels in response to salt stress. An increased fluorescence intensity of NO indicated that it played an important role in the regulation of the cytosolic K+/Na+ balance in response to salt stress. Exogenous NO donor and NO biosynthesis inhibitors significantly increased and decreased the Na+ efflux, respectively, thus causing the opposite effect for K+ efflux. Moreover, under salt stress, exogenous NO donors and NO biosynthesis inhibitors enhanced and reduced Ca2+ influx, respectively. Combined with Ca2+ reagent regulation of Na+ and K+ fluxes, this study identifies how NaCl-induced NO may function as a signaling messenger that modulates the K+/Na+ balance in the cytoplasm via the Ca2+ signaling pathway. This enhances the salt resistance in H. erythrostictum roots.

Ethylene and nitric oxide are involved in maintaining ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis callus under salt stress

Planta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huahua Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Liang ◽  
Qi Wan ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Yurong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Arabidopsis Callus

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE ON SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER SALT STRESS IN SUNFLOWER PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Fusun Yurekli ◽  
Oguz A. Kirecci ◽  
Ilknur Celik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Leaf Tissues

The effects of externally applied sodium nitroprusside on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzyme activities, nitric oxide (NO) levels have investigated in salt stress resistant and sensitive sunflower plants. NaCl treatments and SNP treatments simultaneous with salt application (NaCl + SNP) were performed. SOD, GPx, APX and CAT antioxidant enzyme activities and NO levels, showed differences in leaf tissues treated with 100 µM SNP, different concentrations of NaCl, and NaCl + SNP. SOD, GPx and APX enzyme activities were generally increased in sensitive variety but decreased in tolerant variety. However, while generally increase in CAT enzyme activity was determined in tolerant type, a reduction was established in sensitive type. An increase was determined in both types in NO levels. It is evident from these results that administration of NO donor SNP can cope with reactive oxygen species in both varieties. This study indicates that the negative effects of salt stress on different sun flower varieties can be recovered by nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitric Oxide on Proline Metabolism in Cucumber Seedlings under Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Fu Fan ◽  
Chang-Xia Du ◽  
Shi-Rong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Entire Treatment Period ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings

Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous signaling molecule in plants and animals, mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This study was conducted in a nutrient solution to investigate 1) the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, on free proline (Pro) and protein content; and 2) the enzymes involved in Pro metabolism [pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and proline dehydrogenase (PDH)] in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedling leaves and roots under NaCl stress. The results showed that the increases in free Pro and protein were significantly higher in the 50 mm NaCl solution but highly significant with the addition of 100 μM SNP to the 50 mm NaCl solution for the entire treatment period. Moreover, leaves maintained higher levels of free Pro and protein content than roots throughout the experiments. The P5CS activity increased in the saline treatment compared with the control, and this increase was greater in the 50 mm NaCl + 100 μM SNP solution than in the other treatments. On the other hand, the PDH activity was inhibited under NaCl stress but the reduction in activity was greater in the 50 mm NaCl + 100 μM SNP solution than in the others. These findings suggest that Pro metabolism was significantly altered during the exogenously applied NO under salt stress and that this alteration prompted the accumulation of higher levels of free Pro, which, in turn, maintained the turgor in the cucumber seedlings and helped protect them from salt stress. Moreover, the toxic effects generated by 50 mm NaCl were partially overcome by the application of NO, which could be used as a potential growth regulator to improve plant salinity tolerance. Therefore, it was concluded that NO could alleviate salinity damage in cucumber seedlings by regulating Pro metabolism. Overall, the adverse effects of salt stress could be lessened by the exogenous application of NO to cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals Serratia liquefaciens KM4 Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Regulating Redox Potential, Ion Homeostasis, Leaf Gas Exchange and Stress-Related Gene Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Ibrahim Alaraidh ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Saud Alzahrani ◽  
Hayssam Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Serratia Liquefaciens ◽  
Stress Related Genes

High salinity mitigates crop productivity and quality. Plant growth-promoting soil rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance via mediating various physiological and molecular mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of the PGPR strain Serratia liquefaciens KM4 on the growth and physiological and molecular responsiveness of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under salinity stress (0, 80, and 160 mM NaCl). High salinity significantly reduced plant growth and biomass production, nutrient uptake, leaf relative water content, pigment content, leaf gas exchange attributes, and total flavonoid and phenolic contents in maize. However, osmolyte content (e.g., soluble proteins, proline, and free amino acids), oxidative stress markers, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased in maize under high salinity. On the other hand, Serratia liquefaciens KM4 inoculation significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, but increased the maize growth and biomass production along with better leaf gas exchange, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense systems, and nutrient uptake under salt stress. Moreover, it was found that all these improvements were accompanied with the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX, CAT, SOD, RBCS, RBCL, H+-PPase, HKT1, and NHX1), and downregulation of the key gene in ABA biosynthesis (NCED). Taken together, the results demonstrate the beneficial role of Serratia liquefaciens KM4 in improving plant growth and salt stress tolerance in maize by regulating ion homeostasis, redox potential, leaf gas exchange, and stress-related genes expression.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the germination ofSenna macranthera seeds (DC. ex Collad.) H. S. Irwin & Baneby under salt stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparecida Leonir da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e Borges ◽  
Dimas Mendes Ribeiro ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Nitric oxide (NO) has been used as stimulating of the germination process for many species. However, there are few studies evaluating the effect of nitric oxide donor in the regulation of seed germination under salt stress, especially for native forest species. The objective was to evaluate the effects of SNP, an NO donor substance, on germination of Senna macranthera seeds under salt stress. The seeds were germinated at different osmotic potentials induced by NaCl solution (0.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4 and -0.5 MPa). To evaluate the effect of the SNP, potentials -0.3 and -0,4 MPa were selected, applying SNP at different concentrations: 100, 200, 300 and 400 µM. Germination tests were conducted at 25 °C, with photoperiod of 8 hours. Percentage of radicle protrusion, radicle protrusion speed index, percentage of normal seedlings, shoots and roots length and dry matter were evaluated. Salt stress with NaCl is harmful to germination of S. macranthera seeds. SNP has the potential to recover germination under salt stress, especially in the concentration of 100 µM.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Alleviates the Inhibition of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cynanchum bungei Decne (Asclepiadaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Control ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Shoot Height

As a rare, endemic, important, and salt-sensitive medicinal plant species in China, Cynanchum bungei Decne seeds were treated to germinate with distilled water (control) or NaCl solutions in the presence or absence of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to investigate the effects of exogenous NO on seed germination, seedling growth, and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress. Sixty mm NaCl significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of C. bungei. Exogenous SNP alleviated salt stress in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by accelerating the seed germination, increasing germination index (GI), vigor index (VI), germination velocity (GV), shoot height (SH), taproot length (TL), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB) as well as shortening mean germination time (MGT), and 0.1 mm SNP was the optimal concentration. SNP at 0.1 mm greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) under salt stress, which contributed to alleviate the oxidative stress induced by salt stress in C. bungei seeds. It is concluded that NO treatment is an effective practice to improve C. bungei seed germination under saline condition.

scholarly journals Salt-Induced Damage is Alleviated by Short-Term Pre-Cold Treatment in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Jibiao Fan ◽  
Jilei Xu ◽  
Weihong Zhang ◽  
Maurice Amee ◽  
Dalin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability

Excess salinity is a major environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants. Improving salt stress tolerance of plants is important in order to enhance land utilization and crop yield. Cold priming has been reported to trigger the protective processes in plants that increase their stress tolerance. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most widely used turfgrass species around the world. However, the effect of cold priming on salt tolerance of bermudagrass is largely unknown. In the present study, wild bermudagrass was pre-treated with 4 °C for 6 h before 150 mM NaCl treatment for one week. The results showed that the cell membrane stability, ion homeostasis and photosynthesis process which are usually negatively affected by salt stress in bermudagrass were alleviated by short-term pre-cold treatment. Additionally, the gene expression profile also corresponded to the change of physiological indexes in bermudagrass. The results suggest that cold priming plays a positive role in improving salt stress tolerance of bermudagrass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document