scholarly journals Development of a method for the combined control of the hardness of winding textile package

2022 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Mahammadali Nuraddin Nuriyev ◽  
Afet Mastan Jafarova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Shape ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Complex Configuration ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
The Stability

Analysis of methods for determining the hardness of the winding shows that all existing methods require a lot of labor and time. When measuring the layer-by-layer hardness, the known methods do not allow obtaining continuous values, and in the case of measuring the hardness of packages of complex shape (conical bobbins, cops, spinning cobs, etc.), it requires a calculation using cumbersome formulas. In this case, the main difficulties arise in determining the volume of the layers of the winding, which in the general case have a complex configuration, and due to defects in the winding may have an irregular shape. Obviously, the described technique is rather cumbersome, and a lot of measurements and calculations are required to obtain a graph of the change in the winding hardness along the package radius. The construction of a graph of the change in hardness along the generatrix using a special device is generally problematic, since placement of more than three sources on the device is impossible due to the size of the meters, and the construction of the curve by three points cannot be considered satisfactory. Winding hardness is one of the most important parameters, on which many technological properties of the package depend. Indeed, with an increase in the hardness of the winding, the amount of material in the same volume increases, which makes it possible to replace packages less often, both on the machine that forms them, and at the subsequent transition. As a result, the equipment useful time increases. It was found that the hardness of the winding is closely related to its rigidity, and hence to the stability during transportation. The hardness of the winding affects the permeability of the package when it is treated with solutions. In this case, a huge role is played not only by the average value of the hardness, but also by its distribution over the layers

scholarly journals Thermally Stimulated Desorption Optical Fiber-Based Interrogation System: An Analysis of Graphene Oxide Layers’ Stability

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Maria Raposo ◽  
Carlota Xavier ◽  
Catarina Monteiro ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
Orlando Frazão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
A Value ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Lbl Films ◽  
The Stability

Thin graphene oxide (GO) film layers are being widely used as sensing layers in different types of electrical and optical sensor devices. GO layers are particularly popular because of their tuned interface reflectivity. The stability of GO layers is fundamental for sensor device reliability, particularly in complex aqueous environments such as wastewater. In this work, the stability of GO layers in layer-by-layer (LbL) films of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO was investigated. The results led to the following conclusions: PEI/GO films grow linearly with the number of bilayers as long as the adsorption time is kept constant; the adsorption kinetics of a GO layer follow the behavior of the adsorption of polyelectrolytes; and the interaction associated with the growth of these films is of the ionic type since the desorption activation energy has a value of 119 ± 17 kJ/mol. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that PEI/GO films are suitable for application in optical fiber sensor devices; most importantly, an optical fiber-based interrogation setup can easily be adapted to investigate in situ desorption via a thermally stimulated process. In addition, it is possible to draw inferences about film stability in solution in a fast, reliable way when compared with the traditional ones.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Kinetics of Rosin Pentaerythritol Ester via Oxidation Process under Ultraviolet Irradiation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanlin Li ◽  
Xiongmin Liu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Chang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

A self-designed reaction device was used as a promising equipment to investigate the oxidation characteristics and kinetics of rosin pentaerythritol ester (RPE) under UV irradiation. Photo-oxidation kinetics and the initial quantum yield (Φ) of RPE were calculated. The initial oxidation product of the photo-oxidation reaction—peroxide was analyzed by iodimetry. The peroxide concentration is related to the light intensity (I) and the temperature (T), and the increasing T and I would destabilize the RPE by accelerating peroxide forming. Photo-oxidation of RPE follows the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. The relationship between activation energy and logarithm of light intensity (ln I) is linear, and it is expressed as Ea = −4.937ln I + 45.565. Φ was calculated by the photo-oxidation kinetics, and the average value of Φ was 7.19% in the light intensity range of 200–800 μW cm−2. This research can provide fundamental information for application of RPE, and help obtain a better understanding of the stability of rosin esters.

On Canadian methodologies of probabilistic seismic risk estimation

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1549-1566
Author(s):  
D. H. Weichert ◽  
W. G. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

abstract Three probabilistic methods for the estimation of seismic risk have been used in Canada. A reevaluation of the extreme value method shows no advantages over the average value method of Milne and Davenport. Conceptual improvements in the underlying assumptions of the latter method are a constrained release of historical earthquakes from their presumed epicenters and the averaging of earthquake rates over variable periods. Risk estimation can then proceed as suggested by Cornell. Comparison of the results of this modification of the average number method shows similar results as the Milne and Davenport average value method. The stability of risk estimates against new earthquakes is improved, but sensitivities at typical sites toward unavoidable deterministic elements in the model are similar to the older method. For certain site-source-seismicity combinations probabilistic estimates of ground motion could become almost quasi-deterministic.

Semi reflective biopolymer layers for the detection of biomass hydrolytic enzymatic activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cerclier ◽  
C. Moreau ◽  
A. Guyomard-Lack ◽  
E. Bonnin ◽  
H. Bizot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Colors ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTStructural colors were obtained by the deposition of plant cell walls biopolymers films on reflective support. Multilayered xyloglucan(XG)/cellulose nanocrystals(CN) thin films were obtained by spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly while arabinoxylan (AX) thin films were elaborated via the spin-coating of AX/melamine formaldehyde resin followed by a cross-linking step. The effects of aqueous solutions on the stability of the structural colors were evaluated. The films were subsequently used to detect cellulase and xylanase activities by the change in the colors due to the film degradation. This enzymatic assay method appeared to be about 150 more sensitive that a standard method. Moreover due its simplicity, the method could be used to detect other biomass-hydrolyzing enzymes and more generally for other heterocatalytic degradations of solid polymer layers.

scholarly journals Chitosan–Azide Nanoparticle Coating as a Degradation Barrier in Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Drug Delivery Systems

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Sydow ◽  
Armin Aniol ◽  
Christoph Hadler ◽  
Henning Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Acetylation ◽  
Implant Coating ◽  
The Stability

Therapeutics, proteins or drugs, can be encapsulated into multilayer systems prepared from chitosan (CS)/tripolyphosphat (TPP) nanogels and polyanions. Such multilayers can be built-up by Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition. For use as drug-releasing implant coating, these multilayers must meet high requirements in terms of stability. Therefore, photochemically crosslinkable chitosan arylazide (CS–Az) was synthesized and nanoparticles were generated by ionotropic gelation with TPP. The particles were characterized with regard to particle size and stability and were used to form the top-layer in multilayer films consisting of CS–TPP and three different polysaccharides as polyanions, namely alginate, chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid, respectively. Subsequently, photo-crosslinking was performed by irradiation with UV light. The stability of these films was investigated under physiological conditions and the influence of the blocking layer on layer thickness was investigated by ellipsometry. Furthermore, the polyanion and the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitosan were identified as additional parameters that influence the film structure and stability. Multilayer systems blocked with the photo-crosslinked chitosan arylazide showed enhanced stability against degradation.

scholarly journals Pig carcass quality and pH1 values of meat

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pulkrábek ◽  
J. Pavlík ◽  
L. Vališ
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Trait ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
The Relationship

The data on 964 pig carcasses were examined with the objective to determine the relationship between a high carcass lean meat content in currently used pig hybrids and deterioration of the quality traits important for further processing of meat. The average slaughter weight of pigs was equal to 106.2 &plusmn; 0.417 kg. Lean meat percentage determined by the FOM instrument with the average value of 54.50 &plusmn; 0.139% was used as the main quantitative carcass trait. For the assessment of meat quality, the pH<sub>1</sub> value (average 6.15 &plusmn; 0.011) was used in the same way as in the system of breeding animals&rsquo; progeny testing. The relationship between the mentioned traits is characterised by the low correlation coefficient r = &ndash;0.13. This result was further confirmed by correlations determined between pH<sub>1</sub> and loin, shoulder and ham percentages (r = &ndash;0.33, r = &ndash;0.13 and r = &ndash;0.12, respectively). These relationships are rather surprising as the studies from the beginning and the first phase of realization of hybridisation programmes usually emphasized that the increasing lean meat content in carcass was connected with the higher incidence of negative side effects. Our conclusions are also in agreement with the results of the separate analysis of carcasses with pH<sub>1</sub> above 5.8 and equal to or lower than 5.8. The carcasses with pH<sub>1</sub> referring to less favourable technological properties of meat showed somewhat higher average values characterising carcass meat content but the differences between the groups were small and insignificant. We were not able to find any relationships between higher meat contents in carcasses and less favourable pH<sub>1</sub> values when the carcasses were classified according to meat content. &nbsp;

Stability of fulfilling the tasks of the municipalities of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
dr hab. Wiesława Lizińska ◽  
dr hab. Renata Marks-Bielska ◽  
dr Karolina Babuchowska ◽  
dr Magdalena Wojarska
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability

The article summarises the results of the research on the stability of the municipalities of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province in fulfilling the tasks within the basic areas of their functioning compared with other municipalities in Poland. The research was conducted in the years 2015-2016 among 61 municipalities of the province. The results have been compared with the results of the research on 1,220 municipalities in the country. The analysis is based on the values of the stabi- lity index. The average value of the index in Poland amounted to 0.5721, and in the Warmińsko- -Mazurskie Province to 0.5890. The municipalities of the province that were characterised with the highest average value of the stability index were the urban and rural municipali-ties. The institutional performance, as well as stability at the average level was displayed by 39.34 percent of the surveyed municipalities of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province.

Variation of uplift pressure of debris flow on the dam bottom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhang Chen ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability

&lt;p&gt;Abstract: Uplift pressure is crucial for the stability of debris flow dam because of its reducing the effective pressure on the dam foundation and the anti-slide force of the dam. This study investigates the spatial and temporal variations of the uplift pressures during the debris flow impact processes, through a series of flume experiments. Before the debris flow impacting on the dam, the uplift pressure keeps stable due to the steady water level, and then it decreases slightly at the instant of debris flow impacting on the dam which lasts for no more than 1 s, and then increases sharply within a time lag no more than 2 s, and then decreases sharply soon afterwards. The maximal increasing ratio is 6.4 and the average value is 3, comparing with the uplift pressure before the impacting. The peak pressure occurs before the dam and decreases with the distance from the dam with a nearly linear tendency. The increment of uplift pressure also presents a similar tendency with the distance from the dam. In addition, the uplift pressure is found to be strongly influenced by the permeability of debris flow deposits, especially by the fine content of grain composition, and by the properties of the flow, such as the flow density, runoff volume and hydraulic gradient, and the pressure rises in a nearly linear form with the properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: debris flow, uplift pressure, check dam, flume experiments&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Multilayer Films Electrodes Consisted of Cashew Gum and Polyaniline Assembled by the Layer-by-Layer Technique: Electrochemical Characterization and Its Use for Dopamine Determination

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bitencourt Araújo Barros ◽  
Cleide Maria da Silva Leite ◽  
Ana Cristina Facundo de Brito ◽  
José Ribeiro Dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Valtencir Zucolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Layer Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dopamine Determination ◽  
Layer By Layer Technique

We take advantage of polyelectrolyte feature exhibited by natural cashew gum (Anacardium occidentaleL.) (CG), found in northeast Brazil, to employ it in the formation of electroactive nanocomposites prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. We used polyaniline unmodified (PANI) or modified with phosphonic acid (PA), PANI-PA as cationic polyelectrolyte. On the other hand, the CG or polyvinyl sulfonic (PVS) acids were used as anionic polyelectrolytes. The films were prepared with PANI or PANI-PA intercalated with CG or with PVS alternately resulting in four films with different sequences: PANI/CG PANI-PA/CG, PANI/PVS and PANI-PA/PVS, respectively. Analysis by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the films showed that the presence of gum increases the stability of the films in acidic medium. The performance of the modified electrode of PANI-PA/CG was evaluated in electro analytical determination of dopamine (DA). The tests showed great sensitivity of the film for this analyte that was detected at 10−5 mol L−1.

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