INVESTIGATION OF HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES AND POROSITY OF GLUED REINFORCED SAUSAGE CASINGS

There is substantiated the topicality of studying hygroscopic properties and porosity of glued reinforced sausage casings of intestinal raw materials. The work aim is to establish storage conditions of glued reinforced sausage casings of intestinal raw materials and their porosity determination. Studies of hygroscopic properties of glued reinforced sausage casings of intestinal raw materials have established a possibility of their long-term storage in a polymer package at a relative humidity no more 60…70 %. It has been established, that at a relative humidity more 70 %, storage is possible only in a steam-tight package. It has been noted, that a storage temperature at that must be selected in the diapason from 0 °С to 25 °С. It has been established, that the sorption isotherm for a model of a reinforcing seam material, obtained from glued intestinal casings using thermal coagulation, is lower than the one of the glued casing of intestinal raw materials relative to the axis of moisture content. The research result is explained by different porosity of samples. Differential functions of pores distribution by radiuses for studied samples have been obtained, and most probable and average radiuses for them have been calculated. The obtained distribution functions have a similar character and close maximum positions relative to the axis that the size-free pore radius is put on. They differ by lines width, testifying to the fact that samples differ by relative number of pores of different radiuses. It has been established, that most probable radiuses of pores for the studied samples differ within error, and average radiuses differ more than twice. It has been noted, that just more developed porous structure is a cause of the fact that the sorption isotherm of glued casings is higher relative to the one of a reinforcing seam material model. It has been noted, that at reinforcing protein molecules of the initial raw material change their structure because of thermal coagulation in such a way that the porous composition of the obtained raw material becomes closer to the monodispersed one

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PROPERTIES OF BOILER FUEL COMPOUNDED BY NARROW FUEL FRACTIONS

Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving ◽

10.20998/2078-5364.2021.2.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

K. Shevchenko ◽

A. Grigorov ◽

I. Sinkevich

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Flash Point ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Boiler Fuel ◽

Performance Properties ◽

Lower Heat ◽

The One

In order to improve the performance properties, in particular viscosity-temperature, of boiler fuel, it is proposed to combine them with narrow fuel fractions obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene). When compounding grade 100 fuel oil with narrow fuel fractions, the values of density are reduced to 865 (873) kg / m3, conditional viscosity to 2.50 (2.63) deg. um., pour point up to 8 (13) °C), sulfur content up to 0.17 wt%. and the lower heat of combustion increases to 43606 (43850) kJ / kg. At the same time, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the flash point to 114 (127) °C. This reduction is a negative point, which leads to increased fire safety of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transport. However, the values of the flash point, according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, are within acceptable limits. That is, the value of this indicator can limit the content of fuel oil in narrow fuel fractions. It is determined that the rational concentration of narrow fuel fractions in the composition of fuel oil grade 100, is within 30% of the mass. Within these limits, there is a permissible decrease in flash point values – an indicator that characterizes the fire hazard of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transportation against the background of improving other performance properties of fuel oil. The production of the proposed compound boiler fuel on the one hand allows to expand the raw material base of the process by involving in the production process secondary polymer raw materials – solid waste subject to mandatory disposal, on the other – to meet existing demand for boiler fuel by increasing its production.

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Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):

Documenta Praehistorica ◽

10.4312/dp.46-25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 398-413

Author(s):

Monica Margarit ◽

Madalina Dimache

Keyword(s):

Sus Scrofa ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Technological Transformation ◽

Perforated Plates ◽

Use Wear ◽

High Terrace ◽

The One ◽

Archaeological Excavations ◽

Over Time

The Necropolis of Chirnogi – Suvita Iorgulescu (Calarasi county) was located on the high terrace of the Danube and was investigated by Done Serba˘nescu (in 1989) by means of the archaeological excavations carried out for the construction of the Danube-Bucharest Channel. For this study, we analysed the archaeological assemblage preserved in the Museum of Gumelnita civilization from Oltenita (Calarasi county) coming from 10 graves, out of a total of 58, which are attributed to the Gumelnita culture (the second half of the 5th millennium BC). The personal adornments are mainly bracelets made of Spondylus valve (16 specimens) which appear in most of the graves, along with an equal number of perforated plates made of Sus scrofa canine, this time the pieces being grouped into two graves. The funeral inventory is complemented by small cylindrical, tubular or biconvex beads, made of various raw materials: Spondylus valve, bone, malachite, cooper and green slate. At the technical level, attention is drawn towards the technological transformation scheme of the raw material, which is extremely uniform for the two main categories of ornaments. Also, the analysed pieces showed different degrees of use-wear, demonstrating on the one hand that they were worn before the deposition in graves, and on the other that the accumulationof these items took place over time.

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Staining Natural Rubber with Silver Nitrate for Electron Microscopy

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3535179 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 835-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. W. Smith ◽

V. L. Folt

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

World War Ii ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Rubber Latex ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Raw Material ◽

World War ◽

The One

Abstract Hevea brasiliensis or natural rubber (NR) has been used for over 500 years. Until World War II, it was the basic raw material of the rubber industry. Since that time, the use of synthetic polymers has steadily increased, but the importance of NR has not diminished. In fact, the future for the natural product is very promising since it is the one polymer that is obtainable without depleting fossil fuel raw materials. Natural rubber latex has been extensively studied by a variety of methods, especially the microscope. All of the early work with NR latex was conducted, of course, with the optical microscope. In the late 1940's the electron microscope began to be used, but at that time synthetic rubbers began to demand attention, and work on NR latex diminished. Perhaps investigators felt they knew all there was to know about the microscopical characteristics of this material. Indeed, some very fine work had been done and keen observations made with optical microscopes that could not even resolve all of the particles in a latex material. This paper deals with the electron microscopy of natural rubber latexes with particular attention to the proteinaceous layer on the particle and the fate of particles during varying stages of mastication. The critical technique used was to stain the proteinaceous layer of the latex particle with silver nitrate.

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Research on Optimization of Inventory Management Based on Demand Forecasting

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4828 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 687-691 ◽

pp. 4828-4831

Author(s):

Jia Xi ◽

Ping Ba Sha

Keyword(s):

Inventory Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Research Result ◽

Demand Forecasting ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Demand Forecast ◽

Product Demand ◽

On Demand

Demand forecasting is the basis of the inventory management. Aiming at the problem of subjective forecasting method, we use quadratic exponential smoothing method to establish the mathematical model, to forecast sales volume of product A in every month in 2013. And based on demand forecasting, we put forward ABC classification management method to solve the inventory management issues. The research result of this paper has important implications in improving the inventory management level for many enterprises.Demand Forecasting and Inventory ManagementInventory management is an important part of enterprise management, and it directly affects the business situation of enterprises. A reasonable inventory can significantly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises; too much or too little inventory settings would have a bad impact on the business, and some company even bog down because of inventory problems companies bogged down because of inventory problems [1-2]. To do inventory management, what should we do in the first step. The answer is demand forecast. When business scale reaches a certain level, it would need strict, systematic demand forecasting. The more accurate the demand forecasting is, the more accurate inventory planning would be, and more favorable for business enterprises.Few companies are able to be completely in accordance with the order production, and the vast majority of businesses are not waiting for orders after arrival, then determine how much raw material and manpower needed, and how to arrange production. Because it often takes a long production cycle, and no one is willing to wait a month to buy a bag of washing powder. Successful companies always make accurate predictions for product demand, and then put into production according to forecasting [3]. Due to their more accurate predictions, they can often carry out a reasonable plan and inventory management. Inventory forecasting, its essence is demand forecasting [4]. Demand forecasting provides important information for inventory management such as inventory amount, lead time, inventory turns. Demand forecasting is based on research and statistics, to make a scientific and reasonable inference for product demand. Product demand generally is within a certain period, certain market range, the number of consumers’ demand for a product. Demand forecasting results can help companies determine the amount of raw material inventory and products, and provide enterprise continuous production of raw materials needed, save liquidity and reduce inventory costs, improving the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises.Product Demand Forecasting Model

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Development of histological detection methods of cottage cheese falsification

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202700098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 00098

Author(s):

Liudmila Reznichenko ◽

Elena Nikolenko ◽

Sergei Noskov ◽

Roman Shcherbinin

Keyword(s):

Product Information ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Result ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Raw Material ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Cottage Cheese ◽

Food Market ◽

Counterfeit Products

Information falsification of fermented milk products is a consumer fraud using inaccurate or distorted product information. The purpose of falsification is to obtain illegal profits by reducing the production cost as a result of the unauthorized replacement of qualitative biological value of raw materials with less valuable. Most modern methods of falsification, one way or another, are restricted to changes in technology, the use of cheap raw materials and the subsequent bringing of physicochemical indicators to the established requirements of regulatory documents. The production and realization of counterfeit products also contributes to unfair competition in the food market, as a result of which manufacturers of quality goods are at a disadvantage. The purpose of this paper is to develop methods for determining the cottage cheese falsification, in particular, the defining dairy raw materials the product is made of (natural milk or skimmed milk powder). The research result is that the histological method has been developed for the first time. The method is capable of determining the type of milk raw material in the cottage cheese production with high accuracy, and preventing information falsification of this product.

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OPTIMIZE, UPGRADE OR INVEST IN A NOVEL DRYER? – A BRICK FACTORY CASE STUDY

International Journal of Manufacturing Economics and Management ◽

10.54684/ijmem.2021.1.2.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Miloš R. Vasić ◽

◽

Milica V. Vasić ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Raw Material ◽

Drying Process ◽

Tunnel Dryer ◽

Large Size ◽

Speed Up ◽

The One ◽

Industrial Level ◽

Energy Balances

Drying has an enormous impact on the quality of final masonry clay elements. The accumulated knowledge about modeling the drying process, as well as the registered progress in computing the coupling between the heat and mass transfer during the last decade has reached the applicative industrial level. The available novel commercial drying solutions have dropped the drying cycle to 5 hours for hollow clay products and up to 9 hours for clay blocks of large size and weight. The ability to speed up the drying process also strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. The decision on optimization of the existing dryer and its upgrade or investment in a novel drying facility must be experimentally validated. Results of the one-month monitoring and analysis of the production process in one Serbian brick factory including the material and energy balances are given in this paper. Based on the collected data, raw material limitations and costs of the novel dryer the existing tunnel dryer upgrade and the minimization of the "false" ambient air into the dryer are proposed.

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Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):

Documenta Praehistorica ◽

10.4312/dp.46.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 398-413

Author(s):

Monica Margarit ◽

Madalina Dimache

Keyword(s):

Sus Scrofa ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Technological Transformation ◽

Perforated Plates ◽

Use Wear ◽

High Terrace ◽

The One ◽

Archaeological Excavations ◽

Over Time

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Quality and Safety Indicators Development of Smoked and Baked Turkey Meat Product

Food Industry ◽

10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-1-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Nataliya Moiseeva ◽

Oleg Motovilov

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Result ◽

Meat Product ◽

Meat Products ◽

Turkey Meat ◽

Input Control ◽

Physical And Chemical

The article presents the recipe for a smoked and baked Turkey meat product including meat from the poultry carcass breast part, horseradish, seasoning “Herbs for Poultry”, ground ginger. The research considers production technology of smoked and baked fillet in stages: input control of raw materials and auxiliary materials; components preparation according to the recipe; meat cutting into oval-shaped thins; marinade and brine preparation; raw materials processing; heat treatment, cooling; quality control and product storage. Experimental samples evaluation included the indicator study: organoleptic (appearance, color in the section, smell, aroma, taste); physical and chemical (acidity, mass fraction of protein, fat, water, ash); microbiological (QMAFAnM, Coliform bacterias, E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus, Clostridium). All the studied microbiological indicators met the requirements of the TR/TS 021 “On the Food Safety” and TR/TS 034 “On the Meat and Meat Products Safety”. The heat treatment methods used during the study allow to increase the shelf life of the finished product while maintaining microbiological purity. The quality characteristics of the finished product obtained during storage confirmed the stated shelf life. The research result established regulated indicators: the shelf life of smoked and baked Turkey meat product is no more than 7 days; the storage temperature is 4 ± 2 °C.

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Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Monoölefins to Diolefins. Source Materials for Synthetic Rubber and Resins

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3546533 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

Aristid V. Grosse ◽

Jacque C. Morrell ◽

Julian M. Mavity

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Metallic Sodium ◽

Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽

Hydrocarbon Gases ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Similar Work ◽

Synthetic Rubber ◽

Petroleum Resources ◽

The One

Abstract Aside from the scientific value of the method described here for the catalytic dehydrogenation of monoölefins to diolefins, the present contribution has an important industrial, commercial, and military value, viz., as an economic source of raw material for synthetic rubber. The production of butenes from butanes and pentenes from pentanes has already been described. The present paper, showing the production of butadiene from butenes and isoprene from pentenes, is the connecting link between the billions of cubic feet of butanes present in natural and cracked gases and of butenes present in the latter, and the billions of gallons of pentanes available in natural gasoline and crude oil on the one hand, and the production of synthetic rubber from these raw materials on the other. The basic raw materials for the production of synthetic rubber therefore now include our tremendous resources of hydrocarbon oils, hydrocarbon gases, and coal to produce synthetic hydrocarbons, if and when our petroleum resources become exhausted. The production of synthetic rubber from butadiene and isoprene is well known. Wallach exposed isoprene to light and produced synthetic rubber. Matthews and Harries independently used metallic sodium to polymerize isoprene to rubber. Similar work has also been done bv others.

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A Logistics Management System for a Biomass-to-Energy Production Plant Storage Park

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13205512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 5512

Author(s):

Leonel J.R. Nunes ◽

Jorge T. Pereira da Costa ◽

Radu Godina ◽

João C.O. Matias ◽

João P.S. Catalão

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Unit ◽

Production Plant ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Profit Margins ◽

Biomass Storage ◽

Logistics Management System ◽

The One

The biomass industry is growing due to the current search for greener and more sustainable alternatives to fossil energy sources. However, this industry, due to its singularity, presents several challenges and disadvantages related to the transportation of raw materials, with the large volumes that are usually involved. This project aimed to address this internal logistics situation in torrefied biomass pellets production with two different biomass storage parks, located in Portugal. The main park receives raw material coming directly from the source and stores it in large amounts as a backup and strategic storage park. The second park, with smaller dimensions, precedes the production unit and must be stocked daily. Therefore, a fleet of transport units with self-unloading cranes is required to help to unload the biomass at the main park and transport the raw material from this park to the one preceding the production unit. Thus, the main goal was to determine the dimensions of the fleet used in internal transportation operations to minimize the idle time of the transport units using a methodology already in use in the mining and quarrying industry. This methodology was analyzed and adapted to the situation presented here. The implementation of this study allows the elimination of unnecessary costs in an industry where the profit margins are low.

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