scholarly journals OPTIMIZE, UPGRADE OR INVEST IN A NOVEL DRYER? – A BRICK FACTORY CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Miloš R. Vasić ◽  
◽  
Milica V. Vasić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Energy Balances

Drying has an enormous impact on the quality of final masonry clay elements. The accumulated knowledge about modeling the drying process, as well as the registered progress in computing the coupling between the heat and mass transfer during the last decade has reached the applicative industrial level. The available novel commercial drying solutions have dropped the drying cycle to 5 hours for hollow clay products and up to 9 hours for clay blocks of large size and weight. The ability to speed up the drying process also strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. The decision on optimization of the existing dryer and its upgrade or investment in a novel drying facility must be experimentally validated. Results of the one-month monitoring and analysis of the production process in one Serbian brick factory including the material and energy balances are given in this paper. Based on the collected data, raw material limitations and costs of the novel dryer the existing tunnel dryer upgrade and the minimization of the "false" ambient air into the dryer are proposed.

Preparation of Barium Titanate Powders by Gel-Solid Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Rong Jiao ◽  
Da Ming Chen ◽  
Jian Feng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The One

BaTiO3ceramic composite powders were prepared by a gel-solid reaction method using the raw materials of two particle sizes, DSC was used to study the thermal decomposition of the green body. The effect of the calcination temperatures on the phase structure of the powders was investigated. The influence of the particle sizes of the raw materials on the reaction temperature and the microstructure of the powders was explored. The results showed that reaction temperature of BaTiO3ceramic powders reacted from BaCO3of the large size was about 933.0°C, and the one from BaCO3of the smaller size was about 903.5°C, respectively. XRD results indicated that BaTiO3powders could be prepared at a temperature range of 900°C ~ 1000°C using the raw materials of either size. The particle size of the synthesized powders was determined by the particle size of the raw material. Therefore, the raw materials of small size should be chosen to prepare the synthesized powders of small size, and at a lower reaction temperature.

Performance of Nano-Silica Insulation Material Enhanced by High Humidity-Reinforcement Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng Chen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hao Ran Sun ◽  
Guang Hai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
The One ◽  
Strength Improvement

In this paper, fumed nano-silica as the main raw material, nano-silica insulation materials were prepared by the dry processing. Research on humidity-reinforcement of nano-Silica insulation materials has been carried out and analyzed. When hygroscopicity of samples reach to 23%, the compressive strength 1.65MPa is at twice the one without high humidity-reinforcement, while the thermal conductivities are almost the same. Then, the action mechanism of high humidity-reinforcement method was analyzed. In humidity-reinforcement method, as vapor enters, silica sol is formed in the gap between one aggregate particle and another, and various condensation polymerization occurred in the drying process, which lead to aggregates connection and compressive strength improvement.

scholarly journals Processes of heat and mass transfer during drying of red beetroot

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Zhanna Petrova ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Samoilenko ◽  
Vitaly Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process

Red beetroot is the main raw material which has a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties. An important emphasis in the processing of antioxidant raw materials by drying is to reduce energy consumption for the dehydration process, the maximum preservation of biologically active substances, and to reduce the cost of the final product. Drying is a complex and energy-intensive process. Therefore, to optimize energy consumption during drying and selection of rational modes of dehydration, it is necessary to apply the calculated analysis of heat and mass transfer on the basis of adequate mathematical models. Calculated and experimental results are compared. In general, the comparison of the results of numerical modeling of convection drying processes of the red beetroot sample with the experimental results showed their rather satisfactory qualitative agreement. The calculation model can be used to approximate the characteristics of the drying process of red beetroot, in particular the time required for drying. The obtained results of calorimetric studies allow stating that with correctly selected compositions, not only the components of native raw materials are stabilized, but also the drying process is intensified with the reduction of energy consumption to process.

PROPERTIES OF BOILER FUEL COMPOUNDED BY NARROW FUEL FRACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
K. Shevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Boiler Fuel ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
The One

In order to improve the performance properties, in particular viscosity-temperature, of boiler fuel, it is proposed to combine them with narrow fuel fractions obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene). When compounding grade 100 fuel oil with narrow fuel fractions, the values ​​of density are reduced to 865 (873) kg / m3, conditional viscosity to 2.50 (2.63) deg. um., pour point up to 8 (13) °C), sulfur content up to 0.17 wt%. and the lower heat of combustion increases to 43606 (43850) kJ / kg. At the same time, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the flash point to 114 (127) °C. This reduction is a negative point, which leads to increased fire safety of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transport. However, the values of the flash point, according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, are within acceptable limits. That is, the value of this indicator can limit the content of fuel oil in narrow fuel fractions. It is determined that the rational concentration of narrow fuel fractions in the composition of fuel oil grade 100, is within 30% of the mass. Within these limits, there is a permissible decrease in flash point values – an indicator that characterizes the fire hazard of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transportation against the background of improving other performance properties of fuel oil. The production of the proposed compound boiler fuel on the one hand allows to expand the raw material base of the process by involving in the production process secondary polymer raw materials – solid waste subject to mandatory disposal, on the other – to meet existing demand for boiler fuel by increasing its production.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengolahan Limbah Kotoran Babi Menggunakan Komposter Rumah Tangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Widya Sari ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I.G.B Sila Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Macro Nutrients

ABSTRACT        The production of pig manure waste potentially pollutes the soil, water and air. One of the most effective processing a waste treatments is through composting. The composting process takes a long time if not assisted by the activator as decomposers of organic materials in order to accelerate the composting process. Activators such as local microorganism (MOL) contain macro nutrients, micro and active microorganism that potentially decomposed organic materials, growth stimulants and pest/disease control agents such as to help speed up the composting process. This study aims to determine the C/N ratio of optimal raw materials for composting of pig manure and vegetable waste, determining the effect of adding local microorganism (MOL) to the length of time of composting and determining the effectiveness of business from composting of pig manure and vegetable waste based on the calculation of B/C ratio.        This research uses quantitative approach with experiment method. The first stage is the preparation of the raw material which is divided into three groups : composition 1 with 75% (pig manure) and 25% (vegetable waste), composition 2 with 50% (pig manure) and 50% (vegetable waste) and then composition 3 with 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste). Furthermore, the best raw material composition was treated with variations of MOL addition of A (100 ml), B (300 ml), C (500 ml) and D (without MOL).        The results showed that the composition of the best raw material mixture was a mixture composition of 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste) with a C/N ratio of 38.95. The effect of MOL addition indicates that the greater MOL volume the faster to composting process. The quality compost with addition of MOL has C/N ratio levels is (16,30), N-total (1,65%), P tersedia (8043,02 ppm), K tersedia (8857,40 ppm), Fe (1,87%), Mn (0,09%) Zn (480 ppm) in which that value meets the SNI 19-7030-2004. Based on analysis of B/C ratio obtained result of 1.04 where the value is approaching criteria B/C ratio more than 1.00 which means compost business feasible to be developed.   Keywords : Pig manure, MOL, time of composting, composter, B/C ratio

scholarly journals Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Elena Verboloz ◽  
Marina Ivanova ◽  
Vera Demchenko ◽  
Sergey Fartukov ◽  
Nikita Evona
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

scholarly journals Masalah dan Cara Mengatasi Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Siklus Pengeluaran Kas di PT NR

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Engelwati Gani
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Business Process Analysis ◽  
Speed Up

A problem in accounting information systems of expenditure cash cycle in PT NR is estimated purchase raw materials often left over and valuable. To overcome it, accounting information with computer-based systems was designed related to raw material purchase that is expected to speed up procurement process and avoid fraud and error. The system processes waste materials that will be stored and used properly, so as to increase efficiency in purchasing raw materials. The analysis used for the construction of this system was business process analysis, problem identification, and analysis of information needs. The result achieved is accounting information systems of expenditure cash cycle to overcome the problem existing in the company. Research concludes the use of information systems can speed up purchase process and avoid fraud. Raw material management with system will make it easier to perform the calculation of actual costs and improve internal control.

scholarly journals Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 398-413
Author(s):  
Monica Margarit ◽  
Madalina Dimache
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The One ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

The Necropolis of Chirnogi – Suvita Iorgulescu (Calarasi county) was located on the high terrace of the Danube and was investigated by Done Serba˘nescu (in 1989) by means of the archaeological excavations carried out for the construction of the Danube-Bucharest Channel. For this study, we analysed the archaeological assemblage preserved in the Museum of Gumelnita civilization from Oltenita (Calarasi county) coming from 10 graves, out of a total of 58, which are attributed to the Gumelnita culture (the second half of the 5th millennium BC). The personal adornments are mainly bracelets made of Spondylus valve (16 specimens) which appear in most of the graves, along with an equal number of perforated plates made of Sus scrofa canine, this time the pieces being grouped into two graves. The funeral inventory is complemented by small cylindrical, tubular or biconvex beads, made of various raw materials: Spondylus valve, bone, malachite, cooper and green slate. At the technical level, attention is drawn towards the technological transformation scheme of the raw material, which is extremely uniform for the two main categories of ornaments. Also, the analysed pieces showed different degrees of use-wear, demonstrating on the one hand that they were worn before the deposition in graves, and on the other that the accumulationof these items took place over time.

scholarly journals Inventory Policy Control Using a Continuous Review Model Based on Information Systems: A Case Study in a Restaurant Industry

OPSI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Ichsan Sarafi ◽  
Laila Nafisah ◽  
Ahmad Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Continuous Review ◽  
Iterative Calculation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Review Model

The development of information technology has become a necessity for every company, one of which is the optimization of inventory planning. The joint warehouse owned by the Chickenpedia Restaurant which has to supply various types of raw materials to the three restaurant branches often experiences stock outs and has to make emergency orders resulting in losses. For this reason, it is necessary to control the inventory of raw materials in the shared warehouse so that stock outs can be overcome and losses that arise can be minimized. One of them is by using the Continuous Review method. By using this method, the optimal order quantity and reorder point will be obtained. The weakness is iterative calculation and monitoring of raw material stock manually. For this reason, it is necessary to support an information system to speed up and make it easier to calculate when to place an order and how many orders of raw materials to suppliers so as to reduce the occurrence of running out of raw materials. The Information System can also monitor the stock of raw materials every day in real time based on the number of incoming and outgoing goods that enter the application.

Staining Natural Rubber with Silver Nitrate for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Smith ◽  
V. L. Folt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World War ◽  
The One

Abstract Hevea brasiliensis or natural rubber (NR) has been used for over 500 years. Until World War II, it was the basic raw material of the rubber industry. Since that time, the use of synthetic polymers has steadily increased, but the importance of NR has not diminished. In fact, the future for the natural product is very promising since it is the one polymer that is obtainable without depleting fossil fuel raw materials. Natural rubber latex has been extensively studied by a variety of methods, especially the microscope. All of the early work with NR latex was conducted, of course, with the optical microscope. In the late 1940's the electron microscope began to be used, but at that time synthetic rubbers began to demand attention, and work on NR latex diminished. Perhaps investigators felt they knew all there was to know about the microscopical characteristics of this material. Indeed, some very fine work had been done and keen observations made with optical microscopes that could not even resolve all of the particles in a latex material. This paper deals with the electron microscopy of natural rubber latexes with particular attention to the proteinaceous layer on the particle and the fate of particles during varying stages of mastication. The critical technique used was to stain the proteinaceous layer of the latex particle with silver nitrate.

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