scholarly journals Effect of the 7E Instructional Strategy on the Overall Attitude of Students in Biology in Public Secondary Schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Shuaibu ◽  
Nor Asniza Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Teacher Perception ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Teacher Centered

The effect of attitude as a psychological construct that impacts students achievement in secondary schools have been widely reported, and the need to address that non-cognitive trait, so as to improve students’ achievement have been stressed. Negative attitude of students have adversely affected educational outcomes and the need to improve this trait in students is the aim of this study. The study investigated the effect of the 7E instructional strategy on the overall attitude of students of the 11th grade, in Biology, in public secondary schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Four attitude constructs, namely; attitude towards Biology as a subject; attitude towards the Biology teacher; perception of importance of Biology and perception of difficulty of Biology; were used in the study. Two randomly selected schools were denoted as experimental and control groups and were taught using the 7E instructional strategy and the teacher-centered methods, respectively. A 38-item Likert-based questionnaire was used to collect data before and after intervention was given. The research question was answered by the means and standard deviations, while the hypothesis was analysed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistics. The descriptive statistics results showed that the experimental group had higher mean scores in three out of the four attitude variables, while no significant difference was recorded on one variable. The overall attitude of students taught by the 7E instructional strategy and when taught by traditional teacher-centered method, showed that students’ attitude is positively affected, by the 7E instructional strategy. Therefore, 7E instructional strategy significantly improved students’ attitude towards Biology.

Effects of Out-door Activities on Students’ Attitude towards Physics in Secondary Schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
AWODUN ADEBISI OMOTADE ◽  
JEGEDE S.A
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Conventional Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Senior Secondary

The study investigated the effects of out-door activities on students’ attitude towards learning of Physics in Senior Secondary School Physics in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design adopted in the study was Pretest-Posttest Quasi-experimental. The sample for the study was 150 Senior Secondary One (SSI) Physics students (this sample was divided into the experimental and control groups in ratio 1: 1 i.e. 75 in each group), selected through the multistage sampling technique from a total population of 7,852 SS I students offering Physics in all the 184 public Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State. The instrument used to collect relevant data from the subjects was Physics Attitudinal Scale (PAS). The reliability of the instrument was determined through the split-half method with the reliability coefficient of 0.83. Two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analysed using inferential statistics of t-test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the analyses showed that there was significant difference in the attitude of students to Physics in the experimental and control groups in favour of experimental group. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that non-conventional teaching approaches such as using out-door activities, should be introduced into the teaching of Physics in the nation’s secondary schools to reinforce the hitherto adopted conventional teaching method and Physics teachers should be encouraged to make use of these new teaching approaches.

scholarly journals Effects of the use of Documentary Videos in Teaching Setting-out in Nigerian Secondary Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1(V)) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Mohammed Auta ◽  
M. Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Documentary Video ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group B ◽  
Teaching Setting

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the use of documentary videos in teaching setting-out in Nigerian secondary schools. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted Quasi-experimental research design. The population for the study was 16 ST 1 students from Government Technical Training School, Jalingo offering Building Construction subject. There was no sampling. The instrument for data collection was Setting-out Test (ST) developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by three experts. Test re-test was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.83 and 0.87 was obtained for the traditional and documentary video teaching methods respectively. The ST 1 students were arranged in intact groups, A and B; treatment was given to the two groups. Group a students were taught using the traditional method while Group B students were taught using the documentary video. A Pre-Test and Post-test was administered on the two groups under examination condition. The data obtained were analyzed using mean, standard deviation for research question and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for the hypothesis. Findings from the study indicated that students taught Setting-out with documentary videos performed better than those taught with the traditional teaching method; and there was a significant difference in the performance of students taught Setting-out with documentary video and those taught with traditional teaching method. Based on the findings some recommendations were made

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

The effect of levothyroxine in comparison with placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Rezaee ◽  
Masoud Mohebbi ◽  
Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Yaghoubi ◽  
Mona Najaf Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
And Control

Background and Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism can potentially develop to overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones have substantial roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis and thus are closely related to determinant factors of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Osteocalcin is considered a predictor of metabolic conditions in thyroid diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine vs. placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism who were referred to the endocrine clinics of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. After giving informed consent, patients were randomly divided into intervention (50 µg/day levothyroxine for 2 months) and control (placebo) groups. Serum levels of osteocalcin, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, insulin, and fasting glucose, as well as other clinical and anthropometric data, were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age in the intervention and control groups was 35.07 ± 9.94 and 31.30 ± 4.30, respectively (P=0.20). There was no significant difference between osteocalcin levels before and after the intervention in either of the groups (P=0.54). TSH level was significantly decreased in the levothyroxine group after the intervention (P<0.01). T4 level was significantly increased in the intervention group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Levothyroxine had no significant effect on increasing the levels of serum osteocalcin in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have registered the trial in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) with the registration code IRCT20171129037677N1.

scholarly journals How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ding ◽  
Nazimah Hamid ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Kevin Kantono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

The Effect of Passive Smoking on Mucociliary Clearance and Inferior Concha Reactivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 194589242096761
Author(s):  
Osman Kılıç ◽  
Aslı Şahin Yılmaz ◽  
Çağatay Oysu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Decongestants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mucosal Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Introduction The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on turbinate reactivity and mucociliary clearance (MCC) in passive smokers. Methods 60 adult patients (30 passive smokers and 30 healthy subjects as the control group) were recruited for this study. Following a questionnaire on passive smoke exposure, MCC measurement using the saccharin test was carried out to all participants. The baseline and after decongestant acoustic rhinometry values (MCA1, MCA2, VOL1, VOL2) were measured and the percentage changes between the two test values (ie; response to nasal decongestants = concha reactivity) were recorded. Results All 60 patients, including 37 women (61.7%) and 23 men (38.3%) were between 18–57 years of age . MCC’s average measurements were 11.13 minutes in the passive smokers group, 7.87 minutes in the control group, which was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the passive smokers and control group for acoustic rhinometric measurement of the ratio of MCA2 and VOL2 values before and after decongestant application (p < 0.05). Discussion Passive smoking can damage the nasal mucosa at least as active smoking. The number of studies on this subject is limited. There are no studies in the literature showing the effect of cigarette smoke on the inferior turbinate mucosal response. In our study, the inferior turbinate decongestant capacity was found to be significantly decreased in the passive smokers compared to the control group. Conclusion As a result of cigarette exposure, the erectile function of the lower turbines may be impaired. The task of the ENT physicians is to warn the passive smokers in this regard.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Use of Manual and Electric Toothbrushes and the Effect of Educational Brushing Teeth with Video Animation on OHI-S Children with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alivy Aulia Az Zahra ◽  
Natasha Winona Audrey ◽  
Devalna Siwi Ichyana ◽  
Tania Saskianti ◽  
Seno Pradopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manual Toothbrush ◽  
Electric Toothbrush ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Purpose

Background: Down Syndrome children have better ability in capturing instructions visually. The audio-visual learning method can be applied to Down Syndrome children. Electric toothbrushes were made to make it easier for them to brush their teeth, besides those electric toothbrushes have a handle that is comfortable to hold and control. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of electric and manual toothbrushes on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores and determine the effect of education on tooth brushing with animated videos on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores. Methods: Subjects of the study were 34 Down Syndrome children aged 6-19 years in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. OHI-S scores were recorded before and after the subjects were educated to brush their teeth with animated videos or dental phantoms. OHI-S scores were also recorded before and after the subjects brushed their teeth using manual toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes. Results: The test results Independent T-test (p> 0.05) showed there was no significant difference between tooth brushing using a manual toothbrush and an electric toothbrush to the decline of OHI-S score of Down Syndrome children. The results of the Mann-Whitney statistical test were p> 0.05, that there was no significant difference in the reduction in OHI-S scores between Down Syndrome children who were educated with animated videos and dental phantoms. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between manual toothbrushes and electric toothbrushes and there was no significant influence of Down Syndrome OHI-S children who were educated with animated videos or dental phantoms.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Dialysis Solution on the Sexual Dysfunction of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahele Hassanpour Moghaddam ◽  
Fatemeh Nazemian ◽  
Sedigheh Rastaghi ◽  
Mostafa Rad
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold dialysis solution on the sexual dysfunction of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted with a before and after parallel design among 60 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with sexual dysfunction. The selected subjects were randomly allocated to the two groups of experimental and control (30 per each). Patients in the experimental and control groups underwent hemodialysis for one month using 35.5°C and 37°C dialysis solutions, respectively. Following the procedure, male and female sexual function was assessed in the study groups. Data were collected using the International Index of Erectile Functions, the female sexual function index (FSFI), and a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test at 95% confidence interval. Results: No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups regarding male sexual function before and after the intervention (P > 0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant difference in the female subjects’ arousal in the experimental group before (3.68 ± 0.38) and after the intervention (3.98 ± 0.46; z = 2.216; P = 0.027). Conclusions: Cold dialysis solution could only increase the sexual arousal of the women in the experimental group, and no changes were observed in other sexual function domains of the male and female patients. Given the short duration of our intervention, it is recommended that further longitudinal studies be performed on larger cohorts of patients in different geographical regions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Resource-Based Instructions on Pre-service Biology Teachers’ Attitudes towards Learning Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
Josiane Mukagihana ◽  
Catherine M Aurah ◽  
Florien Nsanganwimana
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Towards Learning

A positive attitude correlates to successful learning; while a negative attitude leads to poor learning. The present study aimed to compare the pre-service biology teachers’ attitudes towards learning biology and assessing their attitudinal change before and after being taught by resource-based instructions (RBI) in Rwanda. A survey-research design was used, in combination with a quasi-experimental control group, and the equivalent time-series designs. Pre-service biology teachers were taught at a public university in three separate groups, with one control group and two experimental groups. Each group received a pre-attitude and a post-attitude assessment. In contrast, at a private university, they were taught as a single group, in a series of instructions, starting with the lecture method, followed by animation-based instruction and small- group laboratory activities, in which at each stage, the pre-service biology teachers received the same assessment. The biology Attitudinal Scale showed a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.625 before its use. The data were analyzed quantitatively; and the results revealed no statistically significant difference between the public and the private pre-service teachers’ attitudes before learning microbiology. After the teaching interventions, the results revealed that both the traditional and the resource-based instructions improved the pre-service biology teachers’ attitudes towards learning biology, as a result of their improved maturity and their anticipated future teaching career.

scholarly journals USING JUMBLED LETTERS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Ali Wira Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Listening And Speaking ◽  
Academic Year

Vocabulary considered one of the important things to learn for students, the vocabulary is basic thing that students must be mastered in foreign language lessons, especially in English. Without vocabulary students will have difficulty in mastering skills in English such as writing, reading, listening and speaking.  Therefore, it is very important to find out the solution to enhance students’ vocabulary. The objective of the research is to find out whether or not using Jumbled letters can improve the students vocabulary of the tenth grade students in MAN 2 Barru and to find out whether or not using Crossword puzzle can improve the students vocabulary of the tenth grade students in MAN 2 Barru. This research applied quasi-experimental group design with two groups experimental and control class. The population of this research was the tenth grade students of MAN 2 Barru in academic year 2018/2019. The Total sample of the research was taken by using clustering random sampling which consisted of 141 students. From two classes taken from the population of the tenth grade students of MAN 2 Barru, X MIA 1 as the experimental class consisted 29 students and X MIA 3 as the control class that consisted 29 students. The result of the data analysis showed that there was a significant difference of students’ vocabulary before and after teaching vocabulary through jumbled word letters. The value of t-test pre-test 2.09 was higher than t-table 2.000, and the value of post-test 4.62 was higher than t-table 2.000, at the level significance a =0.05 and degree of freedom (df) = 56. It can be concluded that jumbled word letters can enhance the vocabulary of the tenth grade students’ of MAN 2 Barru

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