scholarly journals Comparison of Esmolol and Dexmedetomidine Infusion in Attenuating Haemodynamic and Blood Glucose Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation: A Single Blinded Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Vincent Koh ◽  
Saedah Ali ◽  
Mohamad Hasyizan Hassan ◽  
Ariffin Marzuki Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Najib Majdi Yaacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Background: This study aims to compare the effect of infusions of two agents, dexmedetomidine and esmolol, with the control group in attenuating the haemodynamic stress response and neuroendocrine modulation surrogated by capillary blood glucose (BG) during the procedures. Methods: Sixty patients aged 18–70 years old who underwent elective surgeries involving endotracheal intubation were randomised into three groups of equal size: i) control; ii) dexmedetomidine and iii) esmolol. Heart rate (HR) was measured at baseline (T0), after drug administration (T1), after induction of anaesthesia (T2), immediately after intubation (T3), and 3 min, 5 min and 10 min after intubation (T4, T5 and T6). BG was measured pre-operatively and 30 min post-intubation. Results: Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant time [within- group changes, F(3.2, 182.5) = 30.39, P < 0.001], treatment [between-group differences regardless of time, F(2, 57) = 50.24, P < 0.001] and interaction [between-group differences based on time, F(6.4, 182.5) = 37.65, P < 0.001] effects on HR. A significantly higher HR was observed in the control group compared to the dexmedetomidine and esmolol groups from T2 to T6. BG exhibited a significant time effect [F(1, 57) = 41.97, P < 0.001] with no significant treatment and interaction effects. All three groups showed a significant increase in BG from baseline. Conclusion: Both dexmedetomidine and esmolol are equally effective in attenuating haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. However, both do not significantly modulate neuroendocrine stress.

scholarly journals Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Navarrete ◽  
Miguel Ángel García-Salvador ◽  
Ausiàs Cebolla ◽  
Rosa Baños
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Samples

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer. Methods A pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data. Results High acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2 = 0.43), self-compassion (η2 = 0.43), depression (η2 = 0.54), anxiety (η2 = 0.46), stress (η2 = 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2 = 0.57), and burnout (η2 = 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet; ηp2 = 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2 = 0.23), general distress (ηp2 = 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout; ηp2 = 0.20). Conclusions The preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.

scholarly journals Adjunctive Sitagliptin Therapy in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Brackbill ◽  
Ateequr Rahman ◽  
Jeffrey S. Sandy ◽  
M. Denton Stam ◽  
Arthur F. Harralson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Aim. We aimed to determine if sitagliptin added to standard postoperative standardized sliding-scale insulin regimens improved blood glucose.Methods. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted in diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Patients received sitagliptin or placebo after surgery for 4 days. The primary endpoint was to estimate the effect of adjunctive sitagliptin versus placebo on overall mean blood glucose in the 4-day period after surgery.Results. Sixty-two patients participated. Repeated measures tests indicated no significant difference between the groups in the overall mean blood glucose level with a mean of147.2±4.8 mg/dL and153.0±4.6 mg/dL for the test and the control group, respectively (P=0.388).Conclusions. Sitagliptin added to normal postoperative glucose management practices did not improve overall mean blood glucose control in diabetic patients in the postoperative setting.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial of Personalized Lifestyle Advice and Tandem Skydives as a Means to Reduce Anhedonia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeske van Roekel ◽  
Charlotte Vrijen ◽  
Vera Ellen Heininga ◽  
Maurits Masselink ◽  
Albertine Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Time Series Analyses

Anhedonia is a major public health concern and has proven particularly difficult to counteract. It has been hypothesized that anhedonia can be deterred by engagement in rewarding social and physical events. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) the effects of personalized lifestyle advice based on observed individual patterns of lifestyle factors and experienced pleasure in anhedonic young adults; and (2) whether a tandem skydive can enhance the motivation to carry out the recommended lifestyle changes. Participants (N = 69; Mage = 21.5, SD = 2.0; 79.7% female) were selected through an online screening survey among young adults. Inclusion criteria were persistent anhedonia and willingness to perform a tandem skydive. Participants filled out questionnaires on their smartphones for 2 consecutive months (3 times per day). After the first month, they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) no intervention, (2) lifestyle advice, and (3) lifestyle advice and tandem skydive. The momentary questionnaire data were analyzed using interrupted time series analyses (ITSA) in a multilevel model and monthly pleasure and depression questionnaires by repeated measures ANOVA. No group differences were found in monthly depression and pleasure scores, but the momentary data showed higher positive affect (PA) and pleasure ratings in the month following the intervention in the two intervention groups than in the control group. The tandem skydive did not have any effects above the effects of the lifestyle advice. Our results indicate that providing personalized lifestyle advice to anhedonic young adults can be an effective way to increase PA and pleasure.

PSVI-3 Gestational Inulin Supplementation Stabilizes Glucose Metabolism and Improves Reproductive Performance of Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
Xin Gao ◽  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Lawrence Chan ◽  
Cally Ma ◽  
Junmei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The beneficial effects of dietary fiber on sows performance have been widely studied, but it’s still unclear how fermentable fiber affects sows glucose metabolism and reproduction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of late gestational inulin supplementation on sows pre-farrowing glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. A total of 106 sows were allotted randomly to 2 groups, receiving either a control diet with 4% wheat flour, or a diet with 4% inulin, from gestation day 85 to 110, both diets met nutrient requirements expressed by NRC. On day 111, sows blood glucose was tested before a common lactation diet meal, then subsequent glucose levels were measured at 1, 2 and 3 hour after meal. Sows were weighed on initial, entry and weaning days. The numbers of live-born and stillborn piglets as well as mortality were recorded. Inulin supplementation didn’t affect sows average daily intake during lactation, and also no significant difference was observed in weaning bodyweight and backfat thickness between two groups. However, the relative wean to entry BW loss was significantly lower in inulin fed sows than control (11.3% vs 13.5%) (P&lt; 0.05). Moreover, postprandial glucose response was less steep in inulin group compared with control, especially glucose concentration at 1h after meal was 10.2% higher in the control group sows. Although the sows farrowing duration was similar in two groups, inulin significantly increased (P&lt; 0.05) proportion of born alive from 90.1% to 93.0% and reduced (P=0.10) still born from 7.3% to 5.4%. Post-foster mortality and livability did not differ between treatments, litter birth weight and average birth weight were not different either. In conclusion, Sows fed 4% inulin diet at late gestation tended to have lower weight loss, slower rate of postprandial blood glucose response and higher born alive and lower stillborn.

115 Age and Sex Differences in Behavioral Attention Across Baseline, Sleep Loss, and Recovery

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A47-A47
Author(s):  
Erika Yamazaki ◽  
Courtney Casale ◽  
Tess Brieva ◽  
Caroline Antler ◽  
Namni Goel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction There are established individual differences in performance resulting from sleep loss. However, differences in behavioral attention performance between demographic subgroups remain unclear, especially during recovery after sleep loss. Thus, we examined demographic subgroup performance differences during baseline, sleep loss (sleep restriction [SR] and total sleep deprivation [TSD]), and recovery (R). Methods Forty-one healthy adults participated in a 13-night experiment (2 baseline nights [10h-12h time-in-bed, TIB], 5 SR nights [4h TIB], 4 recovery nights [12h TIB], and 36h TSD). The 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), measuring behavioral attention, was administered every 2h during wakefulness. PVT lapses (reaction time [RT]&gt;500ms) and 1/RT (response speed) were measured. PVT performance differences were investigated by sex (18 females) and by median split on age (range: 21-49y; median: 32y). Repeated measures ANOVAs on each study day examined PVT performance with demographic groups as the between-subject factor. Results SR1-2 and R1-2 showed significant between-subject effects by age: the older group had faster mean 1/RT than the younger group. SR2 showed a significant time*age group interaction: the older group had faster 1/RT from 0800h-1400h. B2, SR1, and R1 showed significant between-subject effects by sex: males had faster mean 1/RT than females. SR3 showed a significant time*sex interaction: males had faster 1/RT at 0800h and 1200h. PVT lapses (log transformed) analyses by age and by sex revealed significant between-subject effects at SR1 and R1. The direction of effects for lapses paralleled those for 1/RT: the younger group and females had more lapses than the older group and males, respectively. No other study days showed significant between-subjects or interaction effects. Conclusion For both age and sex, significant between-subject effects and/or interactions were revealed only in the beginning half of SR or recovery and not during TSD. These findings suggest that group differences exist when the effects of sleep loss are mild (i.e., SR1-3) or when the post-effects of sleep loss have diminished (i.e., R3-4); however, when the effects of sleep loss become more severe (i.e., SR4-5 or after a night of TSD), the well-established individual differences in response to sleep loss may overwhelm group differences. Support (if any) ONR Award No.N00014-11-1-0361;NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243;NIH R01DK117488

scholarly journals Effects of Kaempfera parviflora Supplementation on the Cardiovascular Endurance of Athletes: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Design Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sombat Onsiri ◽  
Chatchai Amitpai ◽  
Natapong Sukomol ◽  
Nutthakritta Sirisopon ◽  
Amnuay Tanpanit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Parallel Design ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance

Background: Kaempfera (K.) parviflora (i.e., Thai ginseng) is believed to have medicinal properties associated with good health (e.g., increased vitality, metabolism booster) because it expands blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow. These effects might extend into the realm of improving physical performance, specifically that of the cardiovascular system. Objectives: A randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design study was conducted to determine the effects of 12 weeks of K. parviflora supplementation on the cardiovascular endurance of healthy male adults. Methods: Participants included 57 Thai air force cadets who were undergoing physical training for sports competition. Participants were randomly divided into either the treatment group (n = 30) (Age = 20.30 + 0.65 yrs.) or control group (n = 27) (Age = 20.37 + 0.68 yrs.). Treatment group participants received 360 mg of K. parviflora extract in capsule form, and those in the control group received a placebo capsule. Measurements included lactate threshold and heart rate recovery, assessed at baseline and weeks 6 and 12. Group differences were assessed using a 2 (group) × 3 (time) repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: No main or interaction effects were observed for the lactate threshold (all P > 0.05). No group differences were observed for heart rate recovery (P > 0.05); however, a significant time effect was observed for heart rate recovery at weeks 6 and 12 (P < 0.05), which also marked the beginning of an interaction effect showing that those in the experimental group improved more than those in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In this set of observations, 12-weeks of K. parviflora supplementation had no effect on the lactate threshold; however, it does appear that it might have improved heart rate recovery.

scholarly journals Blood Glucose Relationship to Fasting Blood Lipids, Acylated Ghrelin, and Response to Carbonated and Flavored Beverage Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 612-612
Author(s):  
Joleen Barnett ◽  
Emily Heying ◽  
Alexa Evenson ◽  
Annaliese Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract Objectives The objective was to 1) determine if carbonation, flavor, and sweetness in beverages impact blood glucose response after consumption and 2) to determine if there is a relationship between fasting glucose concentrations, acylated ghrelin, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants (males n = 11, females n = 14) aged 23–65, BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease participated in a single-blinded randomized crossover design. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six different beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and then collected at 10 and 45 minutes post consumption into EDTA microtainers. A cholestec machine, ELISA assay, and glucometer were used to measure blood lipids, acylated ghrelin, and blood glucose concentrations, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in glucose response. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between variables. Results Blood glucose concentrations did not differ based on beverage, time, or an interaction between the two (P &gt; 0.05). The average blood glucose concentration among beverage and time points was 96.68 + 7.76 mg/dL (mean ± SD). There was no correlation between fasting blood glucose (0 min), acylated ghrelin, or any blood lipid measurements (P &gt; 0.05). There was a correlation between LDL and total cholesterol concentrations (r = .780, P = &lt; 0.0001) and between HDL and LDL concentrations (r = –.417, P = 0.038). Conclusions HDL and LDL were negatively correlated and LDL and total cholesterol were positively correlated in adults with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2.  Carbonation, flavor, and artificially sweetened beverages have limited impact on blood glucose change after beverage consumption. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant and CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Grant.

scholarly journals Effects of timing of pre-exercise nutrient intake on glucose responses and intermittent cycling performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pritchett ◽  
P Bishop ◽  
R Pritchett ◽  
M Kovacs ◽  
JK Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Trial Participants

Objective. To evaluate the effects of two different pre-exercise feeding schedules (15 minutes and 60 minutes prior to exercise) of a mixed-nutrient nutritional bar on blood glucose levels and subsequent intermittent, high-intensity cycling performance. Methods. Ten moderately trained athletes participated in this counterbalanced, crossover, repeated measures study. Participants completed a 50-minute counterbalanced treatment intermittent exercise protocol. During one trial, participants consumed 400 ml water and a nutritional bar 15 minutes before the exercise session (15MPE). During another trial, participants consumed 400 ml water and a nutritional bar 60 minutes before the exercise session (60MPE). During a control trial (CON) participants consumed 400 ml water. Results. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose response at rest or during exercise among the three treatments (CON, 15MPE and 60MPE). There were no significant differences in mean power (MP) between the three trials. Conclusions. Pre-exercise nutrient feedings at 15 minutes or 60 minutes before exercise did not affect intermittent cycling performance or blood glucose concentration. These results suggest that the time of ingestion, within 1 hour prior to exercise, of a complex carbohydrate similar in composition and volume used in this study does not impact on performance. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 86-90

Altering Physical Activity Influences Insulin Responses to Glucose Ingestion in Healthy Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Timmerman ◽  
Kevin Ballard ◽  
Gabrielle Volk ◽  
Michael Deal ◽  
Adam Meisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

AbstractThis study determined if varying physical activity (PA) the day prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) differentially influenced postprandial glucose and insulin kinetics. Fifteen healthy, young adults participated in three OGTT trials the morning after performing 50% (LOW), 100% (HABITUAL), or 150% (HIGH) of their habitual PA (determined by 7-day pedometry). Trials were randomized and separated by at least 1-wk. For each OGTT trial, blood glucose and insulin were measured after an overnight fast and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following ingestion of the glucose beverage. Between-trial differences were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures. Subjects successfully achieved the desired percentage of habitual steps prior to each trial: LOW: 51±5%, HABITUAL: 99±6%, and HIGH: 149±9%. Fasting blood glucose and glucose total area under the curve (AUC) did not differ between trials. Serum insulin AUC was lower (p<0.05) following the HIGH (34,158±8,786 pmol·min·L−1) compared to the LOW (40,738±9,276 pmol·min·L−1) trial. No differences were observed when the LOW and HIGH trials were compared to HABITUAL. These data suggest that varying the PA level (from 50 to 150% of habitual PA) the day prior to an OGTT influences the insulin (but not blood glucose) response to an OGTT.

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document