Blood Glucose Relationship to Fasting Blood Lipids, Acylated Ghrelin, and Response to Carbonated and Flavored Beverage Consumption

Abstract Objectives The objective was to 1) determine if carbonation, flavor, and sweetness in beverages impact blood glucose response after consumption and 2) to determine if there is a relationship between fasting glucose concentrations, acylated ghrelin, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants (males n = 11, females n = 14) aged 23–65, BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease participated in a single-blinded randomized crossover design. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six different beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and then collected at 10 and 45 minutes post consumption into EDTA microtainers. A cholestec machine, ELISA assay, and glucometer were used to measure blood lipids, acylated ghrelin, and blood glucose concentrations, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in glucose response. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between variables. Results Blood glucose concentrations did not differ based on beverage, time, or an interaction between the two (P > 0.05). The average blood glucose concentration among beverage and time points was 96.68 + 7.76 mg/dL (mean ± SD). There was no correlation between fasting blood glucose (0 min), acylated ghrelin, or any blood lipid measurements (P > 0.05). There was a correlation between LDL and total cholesterol concentrations (r = .780, P = < 0.0001) and between HDL and LDL concentrations (r = –.417, P = 0.038). Conclusions HDL and LDL were negatively correlated and LDL and total cholesterol were positively correlated in adults with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Carbonation, flavor, and artificially sweetened beverages have limited impact on blood glucose change after beverage consumption. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant and CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Grant.

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The Correlation Analysis Between the Blood Lipids, Glycosylated Protein Level and Inflammatory Factors of Pregnant Women with GDM During Pregnancy and the Weight of Newborn

10.21203/rs.3.rs-896430/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Changhua Hu ◽

Lirong Wu ◽

Juan Fang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Research Group ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Factor

Abstract The study was carried to explore the correlation between blood lipids, blood glucose levels, inflammatory factor and weight of newborn, to provide reference for control of blood glucose in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and early screening of macrosomia. Fifty pregnant women (give birth to newborn) with GDM were selected as research group, and 55 normal pregnant women (give birth to newborn) as control group. Blood lipid levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, the fasting blood glucose (FPG), HbAlc, glycosylated albumin (GA), and expression of inflammatory factor TLR4 of pregnant women in the two groups were monitored. The levels of TG, FPG, HbA1c and GA in pregnant women, the levels of TLR4 in cord blood of newborn, the relative expression of TLR4 protein and TLR4mRNA in the placenta were higher than in control group, and level of HDL-C was lower than the control group. The levels of TC and LDL-C of pregnant women were higher than in control group. Weight of newborn was positively correlated with these all except HDL-C levels (negatively correlated) and no correlation was found with TC and LDL-C. The weight of newborn and incidence of macrosomia in research group were higher compared to control group, and scores of newborns at 1 min and 5 min were lower compared to control group. The results revealed that strengthening the detection of blood lipid and blood glucose during pregnancy can prevent adverse outcomes such as giant babies and improve the quality of birth.

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Elevation of serum E-selectin in Thai hyperlipidemia adults

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3520

Author(s):

Apinya Michuea ◽

Somsak Fongsupa ◽

Thaval Rerksngarm ◽

Sudawadee Kongkhum

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Specific Marker

Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whose pathogenesis involves vascular endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, a specific marker of endothelial dysfunction, serum E-selectin, was assessed in Thai hyperlipidemia adults.Methods: Subjects who had no history of hypertension, diabetes and other serious illness were recruited and classified as normolipidemia (n=100) and hyperlipidemia (n=100), by using the levels of blood lipids (hyperlipidemia: total cholesterol >200 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dl, and triglyceride >150 mg/dl). Clinical data were collected, and laboratory analysis was done. Serum levels of uric acid, fasting blood glucose (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured by the dry chemistry automate analyzer. Serum E-selectin was measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The hyperlipidemia subjects had significantly higher serum E-selectin levels than the normolipidemia subjects (18.98±11.58.56 versus 8.85±4.02 ng/ml). E-selectin was significantly correlated with blood lipids; total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C (r=0.477, 0.441, 0.453, and -0.191, respectively). Moreover, significant correlations of E-selectin with uric acid and fasting blood glucose were also found (r=0.155 and 0.166, respectively).Conclusions: Serum E-selectin levels increased in hyperlipidemia and correlated with uric acid and fasting blood glucose, reflecting the association between hyperlipidemia and pathogenesis of CVD, Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of hyperlipidemia management.

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Effect of fasting blood glucose on risk of new‐onset hypertension in rural Chinese population: a 15-year follow-up cohort

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02336-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Nan N. Cheng ◽

Zi Y. Zhou ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Jie Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Cut Points ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between fasting blood glucose and new-onset hypertension and examine any synergistically effect modification with multiple risk factors. Methods We conducted post-hoc analyses of repeated-measures data in the original Dongzhi osteoporosis cohort study. In total, 3985 participants without hypertension aged 25–64 years were included in the current analyses. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between fasting blood glucose and risk of new-onset hypertension after adjusting for pertinent covariates and autocorrelations among siblings. Results 393 men (19.4%) and 398 women (20.3%) without hypertension at the baseline developed hypertension by the end of the study period. Compared to lower baseline fasting blood glucose levels (Q1–Q3: < 5.74 mmol/L; clinical cut points: < 5.6 mmol/L), higher baseline fasting blood glucose levels (Q4: ≥ 5.74 mmol/L; clinical cut points: ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and < 7.0 mmol/L) increased the risk of new-onset hypertension significantly [(OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–1.98, P < 0.001); (OR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.75, P = 0.008)] in women. Additionally, a stronger significant association was found in women with elevated fasting blood glucose on risk of new-onset of hypertension with higher total cholesterol (≥ 5.2 mmol/L) [(OR: 2.76; 95% CI: (1.54, 4.96), P < 0.001)]. However, no association was found between fasting blood glucose and risk of new-onset hypertension in men. Conclusions High fasting blood glucose may be significantly associated with risk of new-onset hypertension in Chinese women, especially in women with higher total cholesterol. Further randomized studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Altering Physical Activity Influences Insulin Responses to Glucose Ingestion in Healthy Adults

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0735-9641 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (13) ◽

pp. 972-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyle Timmerman ◽

Kevin Ballard ◽

Gabrielle Volk ◽

Michael Deal ◽

Adam Meisler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Glucose Ingestion

AbstractThis study determined if varying physical activity (PA) the day prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) differentially influenced postprandial glucose and insulin kinetics. Fifteen healthy, young adults participated in three OGTT trials the morning after performing 50% (LOW), 100% (HABITUAL), or 150% (HIGH) of their habitual PA (determined by 7-day pedometry). Trials were randomized and separated by at least 1-wk. For each OGTT trial, blood glucose and insulin were measured after an overnight fast and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following ingestion of the glucose beverage. Between-trial differences were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures. Subjects successfully achieved the desired percentage of habitual steps prior to each trial: LOW: 51±5%, HABITUAL: 99±6%, and HIGH: 149±9%. Fasting blood glucose and glucose total area under the curve (AUC) did not differ between trials. Serum insulin AUC was lower (p<0.05) following the HIGH (34,158±8,786 pmol·min·L−1) compared to the LOW (40,738±9,276 pmol·min·L−1) trial. No differences were observed when the LOW and HIGH trials were compared to HABITUAL. These data suggest that varying the PA level (from 50 to 150% of habitual PA) the day prior to an OGTT influences the insulin (but not blood glucose) response to an OGTT.

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Associations of Variability in Metabolic Parameters with Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13081982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1982

Author(s):

In Young Cho ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

Dong Wook Shin ◽

Mi Hee Cho ◽

Jung Eun Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

High Variability ◽

Metabolic Parameters

We investigated whether visit-to-visit variability in metabolic parameters is associated with lung cancer risk. We used nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, and 8,011,209 lung-cancer-free subjects who underwent over three health examinations from 2005 to 2010 were followed until 2017. Variability of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and body weight were measured by the variability independent of the mean, assessed by quartiles. There were 44,982 lung cancer events. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for lung cancer risk was 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) for fasting blood glucose in the highest quartile, 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) for systolic blood pressure, 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) for weight, and 1.11 (1.08, 1.14) for total cholesterol. When comparing ≥3 vs. 0 high-variability metabolic parameters, the HR for lung cancer was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.14, 1.22). However, while ≥3 high-variability parameters showed an increased lung cancer risk in men (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21, 1.31), women did not show increased risk (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92, 1.06). High variability in each metabolic parameter, and a higher number of high-variability parameters, were associated with increased lung cancer risk.

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Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes the Upregulation of Fas Expression on T-cells

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya ◽

Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla ◽

Bongani Brian Nkambule

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

T Cell ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

White Cell Count ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Monocyte Count ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Body Weights

This study was conducted to assess the expression of Fas (CD95) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on circulating T-cells in obesity using a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Furthermore, we aimed to determine if there are any associations between metabolic disorders and the expression of T-cell regulatory markers. A total of 12 male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) group for 8 weeks (n = 6/group). Changes in body weights were monitored on a weekly basis. The lipid, glucose, and hematological profiles, as well as Fas and PD1 expression on the T-cell immunophenotype, were measured after 8 weeks of feeding. The HFD-fed group had a higher percentage weight gain (29.17%) in comparison with the LFD-fed group (21.74%) after the 8-week period. In addition, the HFD group had increased fasting glucose and glucose excursion following a 2-h postprandial period. The levels of total cholesterol were elevated in the HFD group when compared with the LFD group (p < 0.05). Notably, the absolute white cell count (p = 0.0096), neutrophil count (p = 0.0022, lymphocytes (p = 0.0155), and monocyte count (p = 0.0015) were elevated in the HFD group when compared with the LFD-fed group. However, the platelets (0.0680), red cell counts (0.3575), and their indices (p > 0.05) were comparable between the two groups. Interestingly, HFD feeding was associated with elevated expression of Fas on T-cells (p < 0.0001), which positively correlated with body weights (r = 0.93, p = 0.0333). No associations were found between Fas expression and dyslipidemia or fasting blood glucose levels (p > 0.05). The multivariant regression analysis showed that the association between the levels of Fas on T-cells and body weights (coefficient: −1.00, t-value: 19.27, p = 0.0330) was independent of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and lymphocyte count. Lastly, the expression of PD-1 on T-cells was comparable between the two diet groups (p = 0.1822). In all, immune activation, dyslipidemia, and poor glucose control in the early stages of obesity may drive the pathogenesis of metabolic T-cell disorders. Importantly, T-cell dysfunction in obesity is partially mediated by an upregulation of Fas which is independent of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD LIPID PROFILE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN MEN WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2013-5-29-33 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

S. A. Matveeva

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Aim.To study the associations between blood lipid profile and blood glucose levels in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), stable effort angina (SEA), metabolic syndrome (MS), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).Material and methods.The study included 82 men (mean age 50,5±0,9 years) with CHD, Functional Class I–III SEA, MS, and DM-2. The following lipid profile parameters were assessed: total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–CH), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL–CH), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–CH), atherogenic index (AI), and triglyceride index (TGI), together with fasting blood glucose.Results.There were positive (direct) associations between higher levels (>90th percentile) of lipid profile parameters (TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL– CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and blood glucose, as well as between lower levels (≤10th percentile) of lipid profile parameters (TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL– CH, AI, TGI) and blood glucose. At the same time, there were negative (inverse) associations between lower lipid levels (≤10th percentile of TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL–CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and higher glucose levels (>90th percentile), as well as between higher lipid levels (>90th percentile of TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL–CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and lower glucose levels (≤10th percentile).Conclusion.Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia demonstrate synergetic proatherogenic effects in patients with CHD, SEA, MS, and DM-2, as suggested by significant heterogeneous (direct and inverse) associations between lipid profile parameters and fasting blood glucose. The results obtained provide an opportunity for the assessment of risk levels, prognosis, and need for pharmacological prevention and treatment in patients with combined cardiovascular pathology.

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The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Dietary Spices in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Dana Hasan Alkhatib ◽

Abdul Jaleel ◽

Maryam Naveed Muhammad Tariq ◽

Jack Feehan ◽

Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lifestyle Changes

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of physiologically dysregulated parameters that can include elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure, central obesity, increased triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated low density lipoprotein levels, and reduced high density lipoprotein levels in the blood. Effective clinical management of MetS is critical as it is strongly associated with long lasting and fatal complications in patients. Alongside standard care of lifestyle changes and medication, dietary supplements derived from herbal resources could be an alternative therapeutic strategy that is safe, efficient, culturally acceptable, and has few side effects. Of the dietary supplements, spicy foods have always been considered a great source of functional bioactive compounds. Herbal therapy is broadly used in many countries as a treatment or as a preventive measure in the management of MetS risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. Herein, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent studies in the management of MetS with herbal alternatives, and to explore the possibility of their use as therapeutic treatments or supplements.

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Comparing Hunger and Thirst Perception and Related Biomarker Response After Carbonated Beverage Consumption

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 636-636

Author(s):

Emily Heying ◽

Alexa Evenson ◽

Joleen Barnett ◽

Annaliese Widmer

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Elisa Assay ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Ghrelin Concentration ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Beverage Type ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Biomarker Response ◽

Carbonated Beverage

Abstract Objectives To determine if there were relationships between biomarkers of thirst, hunger, perceived thirst and perceived hunger in relation to time and carbonated beverage consumption. Methods Participants (males n = 14, females n = 15) aged 23–65, had a BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six randomized beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 min (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and again at 10 and 45 min. post consumption. Perceived hunger and thirst were measured by visual analog scale. Acylated ghrelin and copeptin concentrations were assessed by ELISA assay. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in ghrelin response. Results Perceived hunger scores differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction. However, acylated ghrelin concentration did not differ by beverage or time (P > 0.05). Acylated ghrelin overall was 86.25 ± 92.30 pg/mL (mean ± SD). There was no relationship between perceived hunger and acylated ghrelin concentration at any time point or beverage (P > 0.05). Adjusting for gender or BMI had no impact. Perceived thirst differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05). Copeptin concentrations are currently being analyzed via ELISA assay. Preliminary results for copeptin concentrations from participants consuming water and CNF did not differ by beverage or time. The average copeptin concentration measured from participants for these two beverages was 4.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL. After all samples are analyzed for copeptin, correlation will be run to determine if there is any relationship between copeptin, ghrelin, and perceived hunger and thirst. Conclusions Perceived hunger and thirst changed over time, regardless of beverage type. However, biomarker concentrations were not related to those changes. Perception of satiety may be influenced by other factors other than physiological signals. Funding Sources Funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant.

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