For the distribution system of the cost burden on the social welfare between the state and local governments

The study is devoted to the substantiation of the basic components of the mechanism of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities of Ukraine. The article analyzes the research on the role of the state and local governments in regulating and developing social and labor relations at the local level. The leading world concepts in regulating social and labor relations have been characterized. The purpose and role of local self- government bodies in regulating social and labor relations have been defined. The basic scientific approaches to the concept of “community development” have been investigated. Based on the research, the basic components of the mechanisms of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities have been identified and their characteristics have been given.

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The Social Policy of the Second Polish Republic Towards Disabled People

European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p420-424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Paweł Grata

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Policy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Care Facility ◽

The State ◽

Disabled People ◽

Second Republic ◽

The Social ◽

Work Accidents ◽

State And Local

Problems of disable people were a very important social issue in the Second Republic of Poland. Social policy towards them was not unitary. It dealt with issues of war invalids (veterans and civilians), casualties of work accidents (who were insured) and poor disabled people (uninsured). A legal basis for these activities of the state and local governments was different and the support for the particular groups of disabled people was also various. The war invalids received more support than others. The help involved e.g. pensions, health care, prostheses and a chance to get a job. The casualties of work accidents received pensions and health care but their benefits were fewer than benefits for war invalids. Poor disabled people were in the worst position. The state, local governments, charity organisations tried to help them but their possibilities were too small in relation to the needs. Poor disabled people received neither benefits nor health care, they could not expect the help in retraining and finding a job and only few of them could count on a place in care facility (the number of these places was too small).

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Constructing Images of Deviance: A Look at State Intervention into the Problem of Wife-Battery

The Sociological Review ◽

10.1111/j.1467-954x.1983.tb00096.x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 60-76

Author(s):

Patricia A. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Social Problem ◽

State Intervention ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Structural Position ◽

Wife Battering ◽

The Social ◽

Class Context ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Cost

Patricia Morgan's paper describes what happens when the state intervenes in the social problem of wife-battering. Her analysis refers to the United States, but there are clear implications for other countries, including Britain. The author argues that the state, through its social problem apparatus, manages the image of the problem by a process of bureaucratization, professionalization and individualization. This serves to narrow the definition of the problem, and to depoliticize it by removing it from its class context and viewing it in terms of individual pathology rather than structure. Thus refuges were initially run by small feminist collectives which had a dual objective of providing a service and promoting among the women an understanding of their structural position in society. The need for funds forced the groups to turn to the state for financial aid. This was given, but at the cost to the refuges of losing their political aims. Many refuges became larger, much more service-orientated and more diversified in providing therapy for the batterers and dealing with other problems such as alcoholism and drug abuse. This transformed not only the refuges but also the image of the problem of wife-battering.

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Inter-Governmental Relations in the Provision of Local E-Services

Encyclopedia of Digital Government ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-789-8.ch169 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1120-1124

Author(s):

R. Kelso

Keyword(s):

Federal Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

New Technologies ◽

The State ◽

Federal State ◽

State Governments ◽

Political Commentary ◽

Commonwealth Government ◽

State And Local

Australia is a nation of 20 million citizens occupying approximately the same land mass as the continental U.S. More than 80% of the population lives in the state capitals where the majority of state and federal government offices and employees are based. The heavily populated areas on the Eastern seaboard, including all of the six state capitals have advanced ICT capability and infrastructure and Australians readily adopt new technologies. However, there is recognition of a digital divide which corresponds with the “great dividing” mountain range separating the sparsely populated arid interior from the populated coastal regions (Trebeck, 2000). A common theme in political commentary is that Australians are “over-governed” with three levels of government, federal, state, and local. Many of the citizens living in isolated regions would say “over-governed” and “underserviced.” Most of the state and local governments, “… have experienced difficulties in managing the relative dis-economies of scale associated with their small and often scattered populations.” Rural and isolated regions are the first to suffer cutbacks in government services in periods of economic stringency. (O’Faircheallaigh, Wanna, & Weller, 1999, p. 98). Australia has, in addition to the Commonwealth government in Canberra, two territory governments, six state governments, and about 700 local governments. All three levels of government, federal, state, and local, have employed ICTs to address the “tyranny of distance” (Blainey, 1967), a term modified and used for nearly 40 years to describe the isolation and disadvantage experienced by residents in remote and regional Australia. While the three levels of Australian governments have been working co-operatively since federation in 1901 with the federal government progressively increasing its power over that time, their agencies and departments generally maintain high levels of separation; the Queensland Government Agent Program is the exception.

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Measuring the cost of leaving care in Victoria

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/s1035077200011202 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 26-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Catherine Forbes ◽

Brett Inder ◽

Sunitha Raman

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Independent Living ◽

The State ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

The Social ◽

Measuring Outcomes ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

The Cost

On any given night in Victoria, around 4,000 children and young people live under the care and protection of the State. For many young people, this care extends over a long period of time, sometimes until their 18th birthday. It is well documented that young people leaving State care often lack the social and economic resources to assist them in making the transition into independent living. As a consequence, the long-term life outcomes from this group are frequently very poor. A recent report from the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare in partnership with Monash University estimated that, for a typical cohort of 450 young people who leave care in Victoria each year, the direct cost to the State resulting from these poor outcomes is $332.5 million. The estimated average outcomes of the leaving care population are based on a recent survey involving sixty young people who had spent at least two years in care as teenagers. This paper provides an overview of the economic methodology used to estimate this cost, and provides discussion of the motivation for measuring outcomes in terms of costs to the State.

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Introduction

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Buchanan ◽

David Finegold ◽

Ken Mayhew ◽

Chris Warhurst

Keyword(s):

Skill Development ◽

Regional Level ◽

Cost Burden ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Personal Benefit ◽

Nation States ◽

The Social ◽

The Cost ◽

And Training ◽

Structural Shifts

While there are diverse perspectives on skills and training, the divergence in disciplinary outlooks is not as great as it once may have been. Important new knowledge has identified the nature and importance of demand side factors like skill utilisation and the social determinants of skill development and outcomes. Despite this analytical flourishing, the reality of who pays for skills is becoming more narrowly defined as a ‘personal benefit’, the cost burden of which is shifting from businesses and nation states to individuals. The chapter finishes by noting while huge structural shifts in skill demand and supply are intensifying, the outcomes of these developments will depend on how skills are defined and the costs of skill development distributed. These will be settled at national and sectoral/regional level. Consequently, while the forces of change appear to be converging around the globe, the diversity in skill systems is set to continue – but in different forms.

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Pastoralism, Ethnicity, and Subnational Conflict Resolution in the Middle Belt

The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804307.013.44 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 678-696

Author(s):

Laura Thaut Vinson

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Local Government ◽

Federal Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

The State ◽

The Past ◽

Material Costs ◽

State And Local Government ◽

State And Local ◽

Subnational Conflict

This chapter explores the problem of rising pastoralist–farmer and ethnic (religious and tribal) violence in the pluralistic Middle Belt region of Nigeria over the past thirty to forty years. In particular, it highlights the underlying issues and conflicts associated with these different categories of communal intergroup violence, the human and material costs of such conflict, and the broader implications for the Nigerian state. The federal government, states, local governments. and communities have not been passive in addressing the considerable challenges associated with preventing and resolving such conflicts. It is clear, however, that they face significant hurdles in resolving the underlying grievances and drivers of conflict, and their efforts have not always furthered the cause of conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Greater attention to patterns of inclusion and exclusion and to the allocation of rights and resources will be necessary, particularly at the state and local government levels, to create a more stable and peaceful Middle Belt.

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Some Thoughts on the System of Tasks of the Local Autonomies Related to the Organisation of Personal Social Care

Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government ◽

10.4335/10.4335/10.4.323-340(2012) ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

István Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Local Governments ◽

Social Care ◽

Local Communities ◽

Short Description ◽

The State ◽

The Social ◽

Post Industrial ◽

Industrial Societies

In the modern post-industrial societies services are becoming the greatest part of the economy, and through the reallocating role of state – even after the millennium changes – the role of the services organised by the communities is exceptionally high. One of these services is the social care granted by the state and (its parts) the local governments. In my article I summarise the roles of local communities and local governments of some European and non-European states in the organisation of social care. The practical and theoretical legal terms of social assistance and personal social services are presented as well as the general characteristics of models (settlement or regional municipality based) of the organisation of the services. There is also a short description of general financing issues.

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‘This word volunteer is killing us’: Making sense of volunteering in social welfare provision for orphans and vulnerable children in rural Zimbabwe

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872816672518 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 1126-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cathrine Madziva ◽

Martha Chinouya

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Individual Choice ◽

Vulnerable Children ◽

Value System ◽

Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽

Making Sense ◽

The Social ◽

Community Initiative ◽

The Cost ◽

Normative Value

This qualitative study explored how volunteers delivering social welfare to orphans and vulnerable children through a community initiative supported by donors made sense of volunteering during a period of hyperinflation in Zimbabwe. Findings confirm that volunteering in Africa is influenced by a normative value system embedded in Ubuntu. Volunteering emerged as contradictory given the contextual prevalence of the social obligation discourse rather than individual choice as embedded in the European sense of voluntarism. Volunteering masked the cost of participation, thereby potentially making poverty worse for the poor in a context without a formal welfare system.

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On the Social Welfare State in Russia

Constitutional and municipal law ◽

10.18572/1812-3767-2021-1-23-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Albina A. Stepanova ◽

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Social Welfare ◽

The State ◽

Social Solidarity ◽

Mutual Trust ◽

Constitutional Amendments ◽

Social State ◽

Constitutional Order ◽

The Social ◽

State And Society

The article is devoted to the issues of defining Russia as a social state. The author reflects on the constitutional amendments, which are designed to ensure the implementation of the basis of the constitutional order of the social state. The article also indicates that some constitutional amendments are deeper in scope and content than previous rules. Thus, the principle of mutual trust between the state and society can act as a fundamental basis for other principles, in particular, for the principle of social solidarity.

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