scholarly journals The Economic Progress of American Jewry: From 18th Century Merchants to 21st Century Professionals

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R. Chiswick
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
American Jewry

A “Matter of Opinion, What Tends to the General Welfare”: Governing the Workplace

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keeley
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Common Good ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The Common

Abstract:Opinion surveys and popular media suggest that American workers are disillusioned with their employers and bosses. Governance in organizations is becoming a recognized problem. Classical works on governance call for more virtuous leaders, less selfish followers, and closer attention to the common good. These works were rejected as a basis for governing nations in the 18th century. They are unlikely to provide a basis for governing organizations in the 21st century. This article outlines a liberal-democratic approach to governing corporations, applies this approach to debates over shareholder-stakeholder accountabilities, and proposes special accountabilities to employees.

scholarly journals Redefining the Boundaries of Historical Writing and Historical Imagination in Carolyn Steedman’s Master and Servant: Love and Labour in the English Industrial Age

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Lejla Mulalić
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Professional Historian ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Traditional Approaches

One of the dominant features of the late 20th and early 21st century academic debates on the nature of history is a curious form of radicalism both in the ranks of defenders of traditional approaches to history/historiography and eloquent champions of postmodern theories. These debates will provide the context for my reading of Steedman’s Master and Servant, which probes disciplinary boundaries of history and fiction in order to explore the unhistoricised ways of love and labour in 18th century industrial Yorkshire. As Steedman inhabits the position of both a professional historian, with all the ideological implications of that position, and Nelly Dean, a servant and narrator in Brontë’s Wuthering Heights, this paper will consider her approach to historical imagination in the light of deconstructionist genre of historical writing.

scholarly journals Von der Macht der Worte und der Gewalttätigkeit des Dichters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Power Of Words ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Digital Or

This article argues that literature in the 18th century evolved as an instrument to dynamize the relationship between reality and fiction: it creates what in the 20th/21st century is called virtuality, although this has always been associated with digital or other imaging methods. The contribution traces contemporary arguments underlining that language is superior to images in generating the virtual. It further shows how, in the age of Sensibility, mediatic and medical concerns were connected to the new aesthetics of illusion building, and how classical and romantic texts programmatically faced these concerns. They used, each in a different way, the transcendent power of words, in order to shape both the psyche and the body of their readers. The discovery and mastery of the virtual, therefore, was not only the central component for the contemporary educational project, but also served the idea of a health policy.

scholarly journals Evolución de los criterios ecdóticos en las ediciones modernas del teatro de Shakespeare

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-173
Author(s):  
Tronch Jesús
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Critical Editions

Editorial criteria in critical editions of Shakespeare’s plays have evolved from a 18th-century arbitrary eclecticism into one restricted by the editor’s knowledge of the nature and transmission of the early texts, a knowledge developed by the 20th-century New Bibliography that specially informs paleographical and bibliographical criteria. Roughly from the 21st century, these criteria have evolved into a conservatism influenced by a social view of texts, which stands on a par with the primordial criterion of reconstructing the text intended by the author. This textualism is nourished by a skepticism about the certainty the New Bibliography inspired in what editors know about the texts’ transmission.

scholarly journals ON RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF DAGESTAN HISTORIC WORKS «DERBEND-NAMEH» AND «DARBAND-NAMA-YI JADID» (historiographic aspect)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
G M-R Orazaev
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Jewish Scholar ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article presents a historiographic review of various Russian translations of two Dagestan historic works - Muhammad AvabiAktashi’s «Derbend-nameh» and Mirza-HaidarVezirov’s «Darband-nama-yijadid» made from the early 18th century to the early 21st century. The author calls attention to the translations, which are still in handwritten form and have not yet been studied by scientists. Particular attention is also paid to those Russian translations that were published in incomplete or full versions. The first Russian translation of the «Book of Derbent» was done by Peter the Great’s companion YusupIzhbulatov in 1726, however, it remained unpublished. Among unpublished translations there are two manuscripts stored in the National Manuscript Center of the Republic of Georgia and the translation done in 1886 or 1887 by the famous Mountain-Jewish scholar I.Sh. Anisimov. The collection of unpublished Russian translations done by the staff of the Dagestan Scientific Institute in the 1930s is stored in the funds of the Scientific Archives of our Institute. The places of their storage in various cities - Petersburg, Moscow, Tbilisi, Makhachkala - are pointed out in the article. Some texts were published by the authors of Russian translations - Abas-Kuli Bakikhanov, Alexandra Kozlova, Maksud Alikhanov-Avarsky, Patimat Alibekova, Magomed-Said Saidov, Amri Shikhsaidov, Alikber Alikberov, Gasan Orazaev. Of particular interest to researchers is the translation of those lists of the «Derbend-nameh», in which there is a preface of Muhammad Avabi Aktashi from Endirei, the author of the historic work «Derbend-Nameh». It should be noted that the translations of this work into Russian were done not only from the Turkic language, in which the «Derbend-nameh» was written, but also from the Arabic language, in which it was presented many times.

scholarly journals Social Movements in Europe, from the Past to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Taborda Silva Célia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Space ◽  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Trade Unionism

Over time, the concept of social movement has evolved as society has changed, but has always implied collective action in the public space. The form of social contestation has changed, according to the conjuncture of each historical period. In 18th century, the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism provoked movements considered by some authors as “primitive” or “premodern”, as they were spontaneous, sporadic and depoliticized. Industrial society of the 19th century gave rise to the labor movement and trade unionism, which from then on organized the social movements. In the 20th century there were changes and innovation in the collective way of acting, there was the emergence of a series of social movements that differ from the traditional in terms of the objectives and actors involved, such as the pacifist, ecologist, feminist movements, acting on the fringes of parties and unions. The 21st century has witnessed a set of movements that begin on social networks, such as Generation Scratch, Outraged, Occupy Wall Street, Screw the Troika, and quickly outgrow local scales to become global. Through the use of a theoretical and conceptual framework derived from the theories of social movements and taking into account the current transformation of collective action that has been witnessed in the 21st century, we intend to verify if we are facing a new social phenomenon or another phase of “repertoire” change.

scholarly journals Tricentennial trends in spring ice breakups in three rivers in northern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Norrgård ◽  
Samuli Helama
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Breakup Date ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Early Breakup ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract. In Finland, ice breakup observations have been recorded for centuries for Aura River (1749–2020), Torne River (1693–2020) and Kokemäki River (1793–2020). The Kokemäki River is a newly revised, extended, and updated ice breakup series from Pori. The Spearman analysis shows that the correlation between Aura and Kokemäki rivers is strong, while the correlation between the two southern rivers (Aura and Kokemäki) and Torne River is weaker. The difference is attributed to the longitudinal distance between the rivers. Temperature correlations are strong for all three rivers and the long-term trends towards earlier breakups are statistically significant. Aura and Kokemäki rivers show considerable changes. Aura and Kokemäki river have had two respectively three years without a complete ice cover in the 21st century. These are the first non-freeze events in over 270 years of recorded observations. In Torne River, however, the earliest recorded breakup date has changed only marginally the last 100 years. Moreover, the earliest recorded breakup date in the 21st century occurred only five days earlier than the earliest breakup date in the 18th century. Kokemäki River did not escape the hydroelectric power plant boom in the mid-1900s, and this has speeded up the breakup process. A qualitative analysis shows that exceptionally late ice breakups occurred in all three rivers in 1807, 1810 and 1867. There are noticeable clusters of late events in the early 1800s in all three series, while an exceptionally early breakup event occurred in Aura and Kokemäki rivers in 1822.

scholarly journals Daži agrāk aktuāli akadēmiskās dzīves aspekti: venia legendi un privātdocenta statuss pasaulē un Rīgas Politehnikumā (1862–1896)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Māris Baltiņš
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pētījumā aplūkots privātdocenta statuss, kas pasaulē tika ieviests 18. gadsimtā un, sākot no 19. gadsimta otrās puses līdz Otrā pasaules kara beigām, pastāvēja arī Latvijā. Privātdocenta statuss salīdzināts ar citu pasaules valstu, galvenokārt vācu tipa universitātēm. Jēdzienu «venia legendi» un «privātdocents» skaidrojumi ar piemēriem no Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP) mācībspēku darbības atspoguļo šos jēdzienus no dažādiem aspektiem, lai 21. gadsimtā būtu saprotams to lietojums iepriekšējos gadsimtos. Autors pētījumam izmantojis arhīvu dokumentus un bibliotēku krājumus, balstoties ne tikai Latvijas, bet arī Krievijas, Vācijas un citu valstu zinātnieku atziņās. The study examines the status of a private docent, the academic position which was introduced across the world in the 18th century and which also existed in Latvia from the second half of the 19th century until the end of World War II. The status of the private docent as it used to be understood in Latvia is compared with other countries, mainly considering German-type universities. Definition of the terms «venia legendi» and «private docent» providing examples of academic activity of the lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) allow considering these concepts from various perspectives in order to make their meaning and usage in the previous centuries transparent for the users in the 21st century. Conducting the present research, the author has used archival documents and library collections, the theoretical framework includes the findings of not only the Latvian scientists, but also researchers from Russia, Germany and other countries.

The Love of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidre Lynch
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
Affective Norms ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Late 18Th Century

The notion that theoretical inquiry and the love of literature are at odds is a tenacious one, likewise the related account of the theorist as heartless killjoy. This article, however, challenges the notion that theory is necessarily down on love. It surveys the several strains of theory that since the turn of the 21st century have made it possible for practitioners of theory to acknowledge more readily that concept-driven intellectual work inevitably has an affective undertow. But it also looks further back, to the late 18th-century origins of the literary studies discipline, so as to understand why the love question cannot be confined to the sphere of amateurism but instead hovers persistently around what literature professors do in their classrooms: what does that persistence say about the place of ethical and affective norms in the discipline’s intellectual enterprise? And just why and how does aesthetic receptivity get defined as “love” in the first place?

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