Correlates of Waqf Based Philanthropy in the North West Zone, Nigeria: Implications for Community Development Theory and Practice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Nuruddeen Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Social-media-weaponised populism and community development

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Jacques Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter assesses the resurfacing of populism and its much-discussed and documented adoption and enactment by leaders and citizens. More specifically, it discusses reasons for this (re-)emergence and its effects on people's daily lives and their participation in community life against the wider political-economic background, two areas central to much community development theory and practice. The first question posed is: what is going on with and around people — especially their modalities of 'being' and 'relating' — rendering them more 'prone' to being influenced by populisms and become populisms' 'accomplices'? Second, what role does social media play in this imposition/complicity dialectic? Indeed, social media powerfully invades and interpenetrates all levels and processes of the political economy, of people's everyday experiences and their subjective-affective lives, and they infest the mediating institutions operating 'between' the virtual global and the imperceptible here and now. Finally, a third question is posed: what is the effect of such socially mediated populism on communities and on efforts to (re)develop and maintain them? The chapter concludes with some ideas about ways to resist the (combined) assault of populism and social media and restart the project of democracy.

Community development in the UK: whatever happened to class? A historical analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Craig
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Prior to the 1950s, differing strands of what might be seen as community development can be perceived in work by extension officers in colonial settings, as an extension of trades union activism, or ‘community-building’ with a social focus, usually in social housing areas. Yet, despite a common emphasis on poverty and disadvantage, attempts to locate community development within a class-based understanding of, for example, the unequal distribution of income, wealth and power within most societies have been limited. This chapter will trace ways in which the issue of class has or has not been addressed within community development theory and practice, drawing on key texts and experiences from across the world. It will seek to identify the extent to which the mainstream practice of community development, as it has developed, has been able to locate itself solidly within and build alliances with more explicitly class-based forms of political struggle.

Competing concepts of class: implications and applications for community development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine C. Minnite ◽  
Frances Fox Piven
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Tax Cuts

This chapter reviews some of the trends associated with the new phase of capitalism called ‘neoliberalism’, particularly widening inequality and its correlates in the growing political influence of the wealthiest strata. The consequences for community development include tax cuts, cuts in public spending, and mounting private and public debt. Finally, the authors consider the prospects for effective resistance within the context of community development theory and practice.

scholarly journals Territorial stigmatization in theory and practice, and its implications for community development: an introduction to the themed section

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie R Meade
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Communities Of Place ◽  
Academic Debate

Abstract This article introduces and outlines the rationale for a ‘Themed Section on Territorial Stigmatization’. It explains how ‘territorial stigmatization’ is conceptualised and understood, within the wider academic scholarship, and within the four articles that follow in this section. This introductory article outlines some key lines of academic debate and inquiry about the stigmas that adhere to communities of place and it acknowledges the pioneering theoretical contribution of Wacquant in particular. The article also discusses how the articles in this themed section of the CDJ can contribute to our ability to recognise and respond to territorial stigma as an ongoing challenge for community development theory and practice.

scholarly journals A confluence of two rivers: A reflection on the meeting point between community development and higher education teaching and learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Derounian
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Higher Education Teaching ◽  
Word Search

Community development (CD) and higher education (HE) teaching and learning have climbed the political agenda in the United Kingdom, in light of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic and consequent lock-downs; and also because of constrained public finances and austerity measures. In response to such challenges this PhD has a central aim to explore and determine the nature and degree of connectedness between higher education teaching and learning, and community development theory and practice. In this retrospective, auto-ethnographic account, the author has explored a 40-year career spanning both community development and HE teaching. In doing so the researcher is acutely conscious of Bourdieu’s notion of habitus (1990): that an individual’s dispositions generate practices which emerge in their everyday actions. The thesis is also built around reviewing nine peer-reviewed publications, that investigated aspects of both CD and HE teaching. Furthermore, I present forty-three characteristics shared by higher education teaching and CD as an appendix; these resulted from a key-word search of the 2015 National Occupational Standards for Community Development (2015) and UK national lecturer job specification. The author shows the connection between these features and his own publications. Given the retrospective nature of this research, the prevailing political context is provided and discussed for the year’s in which the selected works were published. A critical view is given of both the methodology, and also of the positive and negative aspects of community development and higher education teaching. The findings and conclusions are presented under three headings: First, Coherence of this PhD by published work. As one example, the researcher’s community development activity and higher education pedagogy, and publications, represent a continuous thread from 1979 to 2020. Second, the author highlights the originality of this doctoral thesis. As an illustration, he brings together Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development ZPD and Snyder’s (2000) Hope Theory. Snyder argues that hope provides fuel for progression. Hopeful thinking can generate pathways towards a desired goal; thereby enabling a person or community to bridge across Vygotsky’s ZPD from what is known to new knowledge and capabilities. Third, the author presents the local, national, international and sector-wide impacts of his work.

scholarly journals The impact of brief quality improvement (QI) projects by medical students in primary care in Gauteng or the North West Province, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Van Deventer ◽  
Nontsikelelo Sondzaba
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Integrated Primary Care (IPC) rotation is undertaken over six weeks by final year medical students at the University of Witwatersrand. Students are placed in either rural or urban primary health care centres based in Gauteng or the North West Province. As part of the IPC rotation, students undertake short quality improvement (QI) projects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the QI projects undertaken over the period stretching from 2006 to 2010. Methods: An observational study of QI reports done by students. Project reports assessed and compared to site marks, indicators of learning assessed and individual and group marks compared.Results: Of 274 projects undertaken, 223 (81.4%) were available for evaluation. Geographical placements and QI themes were categorised. Management issues were most frequently identified as being problematic followed by chronic illnesses. Understanding and applying the principles of QI was partially achieved and gaps were identified for future projects. The most common intervention was training of personnel and design and distribution of posters or pamphlets.Conclusions: Most QI projects were well thought out and relevant to the chosen setting. In the majority of cases, a great deal of effort and creativity went into the process and skills other than clinical skills were employed such as writing, presentation of data in graphs and tables. Integration of theory and practice was achieved only partially.

scholarly journals East Africa Refugee Crisis: Causes of Tensions and Conflicts between the Local Community and Refugees in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Jecinta Anomat Ali ◽  
Witchayanee Ocha
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Community Conflicts

The study investigated the refugee and host community conflicts in Kakuma refugee camp located in Turkana County, in the North-West parts of Kenya. The study classified factors causing tension and conflicts between the refugees and the local community into four main categories; political and security, limited resources, social welfare and socio-cultural factors. The following three main outstanding points explains what causes tensions and conflicts; firstly, the host community feels refugees are more economically privileged because of the aid they get from refugees aid organizations. Secondly, the host community population has been outnumbered by the refugees’ population that has created fear and tension since the host can do less to stop refugees from doing anything harmful to them. Thirdly, competition as a result of the limited resources such as land, water and wood collection in the penurious semi-arid area where the refugees and host community lives. This study recommends that in order to foster a better existence amongst the refugees and host community, refugees’ agencies should tailor their programs to development of both the host community and refugees as suggested in Refugee Aid and Development Theory.

Community development and class in the context of an East Asian productivist welfare regime

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok-kin Fung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Competitive Tendering ◽  
Development Service

This chapter argues that class analyses have been underdeveloped in community development studies in Hong Kong. Consequently, this has impacted on the ways in which community development services have developed. This paucity of class analysis is revealed through the findings of a study that the author conducted, exploring community development service organisations’ approaches to service planning and delivery. The scarcity of class analysis, under a context of worsening social inequality and declining welfare for the disadvantaged communities, reinforces the popularity of the consensus approach, and its implications in terms of the promotion of competitive tendering to provide services and the promotion of community mutual help initiatives. Even though the curricula in most of the community development training institutions in Hong Kong has included attention to class perspectives, the paucity of class analysis apparent in community development theory and practice deserves continual attention and further research.

scholarly journals Investigating the appropriateness of the theory of organisational knowledge creation as a management model for practice-led research

Literator ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Marley
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Organisational Knowledge ◽  
Tacit And Explicit Knowledge

This article explores ways in which current practice of conducting multipractitioner practiceled research projects in the creative disciplines (Graphic Design, History of Art and Creative Writing) at the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, may benefit from the application of a specific managerial theory which focuses on knowledge creation. To this end, the concepts propounded in the theory of organisational knowledge creation, as conceptualised by Nonaka and colleagues, are investigated and a number of compatible and complementary aspects shared by this theory and practice-led research are highlighted. Guiding this article was the argument that the conceptualisation of knowledge as a subjective and socially constructed phenomenon is central to both this theory and research mode. Furthermore, I argue that an integration of tacit and explicit knowledge provides for a holistic view of knowledge that would not be possible if one were to view knowledge in reductively scientific terms. Consequently, the transdisciplinary practice-based research project, Transgressions and boundaries of the page is analysed in terms of the socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation(SECI) knowledge conversion modes, which are the driving force, facilitating the move from tacit to explicit knowledge by means of social interaction. The aim of the Transgressions and boundaries of the page project was to create an exhibition of artists’ books, which would form the beginning of a knowledge creation cycle. Forty artists were invited to create artists’ books for exhibitions held in Stellenbosch, Potchefstroom and Johannesburg in 2010. Those artists involved were selected from various fields of arts as well as related fields. It is concluded that the utilisation of knowledge management in multipractitioner practice-led research projects such as this one, within the creative disciplines at the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, will facilitate a better understanding of knowledge management and will yield more effective knowledge creation in that both tacit and explicit knowledge is utilised optimally.

Community Development in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon: A Socio-analytic insight of self-Development at the dawn of Decentralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 194-231
Author(s):  
Kelly Mua Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The West ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Self Development ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Common Problems

The coming together in an attempt to take collective actions and generate solutions to common problems has shaped the lives of inhabitants of the grassroots and tropical forest areas in Cameroon, especially in the North West and South-West Regions. The United Nation defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems." It is a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities. British rule in the Southern Cameroons and for more than a decade into the existence of the West Cameroon state of the Cameroon Federation, many reflections were brought on board to enhance the level of economic development of the territory. This became the crux behind the creation of the Southern Cameroons Development Agency (S.C.D.A) which was transformed to the West Cameroon Development Agency (W.C.D.A) in 1961. The Development Agency from its inception in 1956 contained a lofty blueprint for the development of the territory, especially, in the agro-industrial and commercial domains. Nevertheless, the manner in which the Agency collapsed in the early seventies could be attributed to the merger in diverse proportion of unapprised state-centric practices and some corporate cultures shocks. The era of decentralization that came without its effective implementation in 1996 did not help in the development of local communities and their populations because of its slow, poor implementation and interpretation by the communities. However the full implementation measures of the decentralization process with legal and institutional framework will serve as a catalyst to community development. The community well-being spree has demonstrated its bright face in the socio-economic, cultural and environmental prisms. The range of these interactions is measured from small initiatives within small groups to large groups with broader community-development nexus. Community development has been the beacon and the citadel of community engagement in the two English speaking regions of Cameroon through common initiative groups enhanced by agricultural and livestock farming, socio-economic and cultural development. But the story has changed with the new dynamics with Decentralization where competencies are transferred to territorial collectivities for local councils to handle their affairs. The objective of this study is to explore the various ways community development inter-twined with self-development entertained in the English speaking regions of Cameroon and how it has changed today. But how was self-development given credence in these regions before the socio-political crises and before Decentralization? It is in an attempt to answer these that we decided to examine the activities that undergird these regions as well as promoting oneness and how it will change with Decentralization. A comparative analysis of forms of decentralization and its effects and growth in some countries has also been examined. Some studies on Decentralization have acknowledged that community development will have a better and coordinated way of presenting their cooperative projects for optimum attention by the decentralized services. It is only at this stage that, we can measure the impact of Decentralization on the people of these regions with a contemporary approach in their community engagements.

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