Purinergic Receptor P2Y 6 Inhibits the Maturation and Function of NK Cells by Suppressing mTOR Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Cong He ◽  
Huan Wei ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Lulu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Update on Atypicalities of Central Nervous System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Ahmad Naqib Shuid ◽  
Putri Ayu Jayusman ◽  
Nazrun Shuid ◽  
Juriza Ismail ◽  
Norazlin Kamal Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
And Function

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, behaviorally defined, neurodevelopmental disorder that has been modeled as a brain-based disease. The behavioral and cognitive features of ASD are associated with pervasive atypicalities in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, the exact mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ASD still remain unknown and there is currently no cure or effective treatment for this disorder. Many publications implicated the association of ASD with inflammation, immune dysregulation, neurotransmission dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment and cell signaling dysregulation. This review attempts to highlight evidence of the major pathophysiology of ASD including abnormalities in the brain structure and function, neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation, glutamatergic neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway dysregulation. Molecular and cellular factors that contributed to the pathogenesis of ASD and how they may affect the development and function of CNS are compiled in this review. However, findings of published studies have been complicated by the fact that autism is a very heterogeneous disorder; hence, we addressed the limitations that led to discrepancies in the reported findings. This review emphasizes the need for future studies to control study variables such as sample size, gender, age range and intelligence quotient (IQ), all of which that could affect the study measurements. Neuroinflammation or immune dysregulation, microglial activation, genetically linked neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunctions and mTOR signaling pathway could be the primary targets for treating and preventing ASD. Further research is required to better understand the molecular causes and how they may contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD.

scholarly journals L-Leucine Alters Pancreatic  -Cell Differentiation and Function via the mTor Signaling Pathway

Diabetes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rachdi ◽  
V. Aiello ◽  
B. Duvillie ◽  
R. Scharfmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
And Function

The Modulation of Regulatory T Cells via High Mobility Group Box-1/Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products/Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Axis in Chronic Kidney Diseases with Complication of Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2298-2305
Author(s):  
Yingying Chen ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Yiyan Zhang ◽  
Yisheng Ling ◽  
Xiaolong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
And Function

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) with complication of sepsis brings great clinical burden worldwide. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can regulate key immune response during the progression of the diseases. The present study aims to investigate the role of HMGB1 in the regulation of Tregs and find out the potential mechanism. Jurkat cells were stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h to induce phenotypic alternation into Tregs, followed by stimulation with indoxyl sulfate (IS) and lipopolysac-charide (LPS) for 24 h. Then, Tregs were treated with recombinant human HMBG1 (rHMGB1) at different concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml). Cell viability of Tregs was assayed by CCK-8. The gene expressions related to proliferation and autophagy were determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. RAGE was inhibited by transfection with shRNA-RAGE in Tregs. The results showed that HMGB1 and RAGE were upregulated upon IS and LPS induction in Tregs. rHMGB1 significantly promoted the viability, proliferation and function of Tregs at a concentration-dependent way, which was partly reversed by RAGE knockdown. Besides, HMGB1-RAGE could regulate autophagy activity and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, our study concluded that the active autophagy mediated by enhanced HMGB1-RAGE axis through AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway was a potential mechanism to enhance Tregs viability and function in chronic kidney diseases with complication of sepsis.

mTOR Signaling pathway as a master regulator of memory CD8 + T‐cells, Th17, and NK cells development and their functional properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 12353-12368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Rostamzadeh ◽  
Mehdi Yousefi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Haghshenas ◽  
Majid Ahmadi ◽  
Sanam Dolati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells

UPF1 Impacts on mTOR Signaling Pathway and Autophagy in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minfen Zhang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Ping Qin ◽  
Tonghui Cai ◽  
Lingjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway

Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin: prospects for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser-Aldin Lashgari ◽  
Nazanin Momeni Roudsari ◽  
Saeideh Momtaz ◽  
Negar Ghanaatian ◽  
Parichehr Kohansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term for a group of chronic and progressive disorders. Several cellular and biomolecular pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, yet the etiology is unclear. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the intestinal epithelial cells was also shown to induce inflammation. This review focuses on the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway and its potential application in treating IBD. We also provide an overview on plant-derived compounds that are beneficial for the IBD management through modulation of the mTOR pathway. Data were extracted from clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies published in English between 1995 and May 2019, which were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library databases. Results of various studies implied that inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway downregulates the inflammatory processes and cytokines involved in IBD. In this context, a number of natural products might reverse the pathological features of the disease. Furthermore, mTOR provides a novel drug target for IBD. Comprehensive clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in treating IBD.

Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Current Status and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Yuanbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Term Survival

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare invasive extranodal non- Hodgkin lymphoma, a vast majority of which is Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Although high-dose methotrexate-based immunochemotherapy achieves a high remission rate, the risk of relapse and related death remains a crucial obstruction to long-term survival. Novel agents for the treatment of lymphatic malignancies have significantly broadened the horizons of therapeutic options for PCNSL. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways for Bcell malignancy growth and survival. Novel therapies that target key components of this pathway have shown antitumor effects in many B-cell malignancies, including DLBCL. This review will discuss the aberrant status of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in PCNSL and the application prospects of inhibitors in hopes of providing alternative clinical therapeutic strategies and improving prognosis.

Exploration of the Effect and Mechanism of ShenQi Compound in a Spontaneous Diabetic Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Xiyu Zhang ◽  
Jun Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Gene Microarray ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Glucose Fluctuation ◽  
Blood Glucose Fluctuation ◽  
Diabetic Rat Model

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a world-wide metabolic disease with no cure from drugs and treatment. In China, The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal formulations have been used to treat T2DM for centuries. Methods: In this study, we proposed a formula called ShenQi Compound (SQC), which has been used in clinical therapeutics in China for several years. We evaluated the effect of SQC in a spontaneous diabetic rat model (GK rats) by detecting a series of blood indicators and performing histological observations. Meanwhile, the gene microarray and RT-qPCR experiments were used to explore the molecular mechanism of SQC treatment. In addition, western medicine, sitagliptin was employed as a comparison. Results: The results indicated that SQC and sitagliptin could effectively improve the serum lipid (blood Total Cholesterol (TC) and blood Triglycerides (TG)), hormone levels (serum insulin (INS), Glucagon (GC) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)), alleviated the inflammatory response (hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)), blood glucose fluctuation (Mean Blood Glucose (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and Largest Amplitude of plasma Glucose Excursions (LAGE)), pancreatic tissue damage and vascular injury for T2DM. Compared with sitagliptin, SQC achieved a better effect on blood glucose fluctuation (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the gene microarray and RT-qPCR experiments indicated that SQC and sitagliptin may improve the T2DM through affecting the biological functions related to apoptosis and circadian rhythm. Moreover, SQC might be able to influence the mTOR signaling pathway by regulating Pik3r1, Ddit4 expression. Conclusion: All these results indicate that SQC is an effective therapeutic drug on T2DM. Notably, SQC presents an obvious blood glucose fluctuation-preventing ability, which might be derived from the regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway.

Homer1a protects against neuronal injury via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
MingMing Zhao ◽  
Lv Shang ◽  
Yanguo Zhang ◽  
Conggang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway
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