scholarly journals Effects of Histamine and H1- and H2-Receptor Blocker on Food Intake, Food Passage Rate and in situ Nutrient Uptake from the Small Intestine of Chicken (Gallus domestics)

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Ram P. Moudgal ◽  
Narendra B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Food Passage ◽  
H2 Receptor

Rapid orocecal transit in chronically active persons with high energy intake

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Harris ◽  
A. K. Lindeman ◽  
B. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Food Passage ◽  
Wide Range

Although chronic physical activity by humans can raise energy requirements and energy intake severalfold above sedentary levels, whether these increases alter digestive strategy remains unknown. To investigate this possibility, food passage rate (mouth-to-large intestinal lactulose transit) and absorption (xylose) were compared in a cross section of young men chosen to represent a wide range of daily physical activity and food intake. In 20 men (energy intake 1,272-5,342 kcal/day), resting mouth-to-cecum transit was faster in high caloric consumers (r = -0.69, P less than 0.01). In contrast, xylose absorption (n = 26; measured either as urinary xylose excretion or integrated breath H2 production from the sugar) was unrelated to food intake. Dietary fiber intake was uncorrelated with energy intake. This apparent human digestive strategy of rapid transit across the gut absorptive surface, without a sacrifice in absorption, parallels the adaptations made by several animal species similarly faced with increased energy demand at constant fiber intake. We therefore conclude that the hyperphagia of chronic exercise in humans may be linked with significant gastrointestinal adaptations.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the nutritional and physiological significance of raw and heated soya beans in chicks and goslings

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafrira Nitsan ◽  
I. Nir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Food Passage ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

1. The comparative effects of raw soya beans on food intake, growth, digestive organ weight, and enzyme activities in goslings and chicks were studied.2. Goslings were more affected than chicks by the ingestion of a raw soya-bean diet (RSD) in the following ways: reduction in food intake and growth rate; increase in relative weight of the digestive organs; reduction in specific activities of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5) in the pancreas (not affected in chicks); greater inhibition of trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4), chymotrypsin and amylase in the intestinal contents of goslings than of chicks.3. Addition of methionine to the RSD improved food intake and growth rate more in goslings than in chicks.4. The interrelationships between enzyme activities, food passage rate, nutrient absorption and food intake regulation are discussed.

In situ demonstration of migration of dendritic cells released from rat small intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A183-A183
Author(s):  
H KOBAYASHI ◽  
H NAGATA ◽  
S MIURA ◽  
T AZUMA ◽  
H SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Absorption Properties of Luteolin and Apigenin in Genkwa Flos Using In Situ Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion System in the Rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (08) ◽  
pp. 1745-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Zi-Jing Song ◽  
Cui-Ping Jiang ◽  
Chun-Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Intestinal Perfusion ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Absorption Enhancers ◽  
Single Pass

The flower bud of Daphne genkwa (Genkwa Flos) is a commonly used herbal medicine in Asian countries. Luteolin and apigenin are two recognized active flavonoids in Genkwa Flos. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal absorption mechanisms of Genkwa Flos flavonoids using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model. Using HPLC, we determined its major effective flavonoids luteolin, apigenin, as well as, hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin in biological samples. The intestinal absorption mechanisms of the total flavonoids in Genkwa Flos (TFG) were investigated using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model. Comparing the TFG absorption rate in different intestinal segments, data showed that the small intestine absorption was significantly higher than that of the colon ([Formula: see text]). Compared with duodenum and ileum, the jejunum was the best small intestinal site for TFG absorption. The high TFG concentration (61.48[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml) yielded the highest permeability ([Formula: see text]). Subsequently, three membrane protein inhibitors (verapamil, pantoprazole and probenecid) were used to explore the TFG absorption pathways. Data showed probenecid, a multidrug resistance protein (or MRP) inhibitor, effectively enhanced the TFG absorption ([Formula: see text]). Furthermore, by comparing commonly used natural absorption enhancers on TFG, it was observed that camphor was the most effective. In Situ single-pass intestinal perfusion experiment shows that TFG absorption is much higher in the small intestine than in the colon, and the TFG is absorbed mainly via an active transport pathway with MRP-mediated efflux mechanism. Camphor obviously enhanced the TFG absorption, and this could be an effective TFG formulation preparation method to increase clinical effectiveness after Genkwa Flos administration. Our study elucidated the TFG absorption mechanisms, and provided new information for its formulation preparation.

Absorption of beta-casomorphins from autoperfused lamb and piglet small intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Read ◽  
A. P. Lord ◽  
V. Brantl ◽  
G. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Kinetics Of

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) derived from milk beta-casein may exert various opiate activities in milk-fed infants. To assess the physiological significance of beta-CMs as a source of circulating opioids in infants, we measured absorption rates of several beta-CMs under near-physiological conditions using in situ autoperfused lamb intestine. The naturally occurring beta-CMs, beta-CM-7 and beta-CM-4-amide, were absorbed readily into blood with no transfer into lymph. Uptake peaked within several minutes of the luminal infusion of peptide but then declined sharply and stopped within a further 10-15 min. The recovery in blood, intestinal contents, and tissue at the end of the 30-min experiment was less than 1% of the infused dose. The low recovery was due to rapid proteolysis based on in vitro studies that demonstrated half-lives of less than 5 min in lamb blood, luminal contents, and lymph. The synthetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant analogue beta-[D-Ala2]CM- 4-amide was stable during incubation in blood, lymph, or luminal contents and was absorbed into blood at rates that were maximal within several minutes and remained steady for the 30-min period. We conclude that although natural beta-CMs are transferred across the lamb small intestine, rapid degradation within the intestinal lumen, gut epithelium, and blood would prevent entry into the circulation under normal conditions. Val-beta-CM-7, a putative stable precursor, had similar stability and kinetics of absorption to beta-CM-7, results that exclude Val-beta-CM-7 as a stable precursor for delivery of beta-CMs to the circulation. Essentially identical results to those in lambs were obtained in 7-day-old piglets.

scholarly journals The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Alleleyn ◽  
Mark van Avesaat ◽  
Dina Ripken ◽  
Sinéad Bleiel ◽  
Daniel Keszthelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Active Product ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Control

Activation of the intestinal brake by infusing nutrients into the distal small intestine with catheters inhibits food intake and enhances satiety. Encapsulation of macronutrients, which protects against digestion in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, can be a non-invasive alternative to activate this brake. In this study, we investigate the effect of oral ingestion of an encapsulated casein and sucrose mixture (active) targeting the distal small intestine versus a control product designed to be released in the stomach on food intake, satiety, and plasma glucose concentrations. Fifty-nine volunteers received the active and control product on two separate test days. Food intake was determined during an ad libitum meal 90 min after ingestion of the test product. Visual analogue scale scores for satiety and blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at regular intervals. Ingestion of the active product decreased food intake compared to the control product (655 kcal compared with 699 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for hunger was decreased (p < 0.05) and AUC for satiety was increased (p < 0.01) after ingestion of the active product compared to the control product. Ingestion of an encapsulated protein-carbohydrate mixture resulted in inhibition of food intake compared to a non-encapsulated control product.

Rumen protection of heat-treated soybean proteins

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Mosimanyana ◽  
D. N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Exit Temperature ◽  
Forced Air

The effects of processing variables on soybean crude protein (CP) ruminal degradation were investigated. Soybean meal (SBM) was heated in a forced-air oven (90 °C, 1 h) with blood (0, 5, 10 and 20% dry matter) and/or xylose (3 mol mol−1 SBM-blood lysine) in a randomized complete block design. In another experiment, whole soybeans were utilized using the following treatments: raw; roasted (in Gem Co. unit exit temperature 150 °C) and steeped for 0 or 2 h; roasted, flaked (exit temperature 111 °C) and steeped for 0, 1, 2, 3 h or 1 h with 4% xylose and/or 10% blood. Solubility of SBM CP was reduced (P < 0.01) by the addition of xylose, without adverse effects on pepsin-digestible CP and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen. In situ degradation of CP (EDCP), assuming a passage rate of 5% h−1, of SBM was reduced by the addition of blood (P < 0.05) and particularly xylose (P < 0.01). Soybean CP solubility was reduced (P < 0.01) by roasting and flaking (65.6 vs. 17.6% total CP). Not flaking the roasted beans further reduced (P < 0.01) CP solubility (to 10.4%) probably due to less rapid cooling. The EDCP of raw soybeans (87.6%) was reduced by roasting (64.2%), steeping whole (57.6%) or flaked (61.1%) beans. These data support xylose to effectively reduce ruminal degradation of SBM and simple steeping (1 h) with or without flaking to further reduce EDCP of roasted soybeans. Key words: Soybean meal, soybeans, xylose, blood, steeping, protein degradation

Influence of photoperiod and gonadal status on food intake, adiposity, and gene expression of hypothalamic appetite regulators in a seasonal mammal

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R242-R252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantacha Anukulkitch ◽  
Alexandra Rao ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Dominique Blache ◽  
Gerald A. Lincoln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Pomc Gene ◽  
Gonadal Status ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Refractory Phase

We studied the effects of photoperiod on metabolic profiles, adiposity, and gene expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides in gonad-intact and castrated Soay rams. Groups of five to six animals were studied 6, 18, or 30 wk after switching from long photoperiod (LP: 16 h of light) to short photoperiod (SP: 8 h of light). Reproductive and metabolic indexes were measured in blood plasma. Expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and leptin receptor (ObRb) in the arcuate nucleus was measured using in situ hybridization. Testosterone levels of intact animals were low under LP, increased to a peak at 16 wk under SP, and then declined. Voluntary food intake (VFI) was high under LP in both intact and castrated animals, decreased to a nadir at 12–16 wk under SP, and then recovered, but only in intact rams as the reproductive axis became photorefractory to SP. NPY gene expression varied positively and POMC expression varied negatively with the cycle in VFI, with differences between intact and castrate rams in the refractory phase. ObRb expression decreased under SP, unrelated to changes in VFI. Visceral fat weight also varied between the intact and castrated animals across the cycle. We conclude that 1) photoperiodic changes in VFI reflect changes in NPY and POMC gene expression, 2) changes in ObRb gene expression are not necessarily determinants of changes in VFI, 3) gonadal status affects the pattern of VFI that changes with photoperiod, and 4) in the absence of gonadal factors, animals can eat less but gain adiposity.

Distention of the small intestine, satiety, and the control of food intake

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. S255-S258 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Davis ◽  
Barbara J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake
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