scholarly journals Comparison of methods for mapping rhizosphere processes in the context of their surrounding root and soil environments

BioTechniques ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Moran ◽  
Casey McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Fine Spatial Scale ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Rhizosphere Processes

The rhizosphere embodies a complex biogeochemical zone with enhanced rates of nutrient exchange between plants, soil, and microbial communities. Understanding controls on rhizosphere dynamics is critical to support emerging concepts including rhizosphere engineering and reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers which have direct application to food production, increased biofuel generation, and habitat restoration efforts. Yet, its fine spatial scale and complex interactions between geochemical and microbial processes within complex spatiotemporal gradients make the rhizosphere notoriously difficult to study. Emerging instrumentation and methodologies, however, are providing improved resolution to rhizosphere measurements and helping to address critical knowledge gaps in rhizosphere function, ecology, and establishment. Here, we examine recent advances in analysis techniques and the resulting potential for improved understanding of rhizosphere function.

scholarly journals The effects of seaweed fertilizer on the growth and productivity of upland rice, maize and oil palm grown in green house Pengaruh pupuk rumput laut terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi gogo, jagung dan kelapa sawit di rumah kaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko SANTOSO ◽  
Tetty CHAIDAMSARI ◽  
. SYAFARUDDIN ◽  
Dedi Soleh EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Coast Line ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Green House ◽  
Better Than

AbstrakSebagai negara kepulauan di daerah tropis, Indonesiakaya akan sumberdaya alam untuk swasembada pangan.Berjuta-juta hektar lahan di Indonesia ditanami tanamanperkebunan, tanaman tahunan yang memiliki masa juvenilyang relatif lama, terutama tanaman kelapa sawit dan karet.Sementara itu, upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi panganterkendala oleh terbatasnya lahan subur. Penelitian yangmengeksplorasi bioregulator alami mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas tanaman, menemukan bahwa Sargasum sp.,rumput laut tipe liar yang di sepanjang pantai beberapawilayah Indonesia, menunjukkan kemampuannya meningkat-kan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman seperti padi,jagung, tomat dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit tanpapenambahan pupuk kimia. Percobaan pada padi gogovarietas Batutegi yang ditanam di rumah kaca, menunjuk-kan bahwa bioregulator alami tersebut meningkatkanproduktivitasnya 50% lebih tinggi daripada kontrolnya.Percobaan menggunakan jagung var. Arjuna, tanaman yangtelah diperlakukan dengan bioregulator tersebut mem-produksi dua hingga tiga tongkol, sementara pada tanamankontrol hanya satu tongkol. Percobaan pada tanamankelapa sawit di rumahkaca memperlihatkan bahwa bio-regulator tersebut menginduksi pertumbuhan vegetatifnyasecara signifikan, lebih baik daripada kontrol dengan atautanpa pupuk kimia. Intercropping tanaman kelapa sawitTBM dengan tanaman pangan seperti padi gogo ataujagung, diharapkan lebih menguntungkan bagi usahaperkebunan.AbstractBeing a tropical archipelago, Indonesia is rich withnatural resources enabling more production for food.Millions hectares of Indonesian lands is now planted withestate crops, perennial crops with relatively lengthenjuvenile phase mainly oil palm and rubber. Meanwhile,attempts to increase national food production have beenlimited by availability of fertile lands. Our researchexploring natural bioregulator capable of improving cropproductivity, found that Sargasum sp., a wild sea weedgrown mostly along the coast line in Indonesia, indicated itsability to improve the growth and productivity of crops likerice, maize, tomato and oil palm even though with nochemical fertilizers added. The experiment on upland rice oflocal variety Batutegi planted in greenhouse, demonstratedthe natural bioregulator has increased the rice productivityby at least 50% over the control. The experiment usingmaize var. Arjuna, the bioregulator treated plants has madetwo to three corncobs instead of only one corncob on thecontrol plants. The experiment on the oil palm grown in thenursery showed that the bioregulator has significantlyinduced vegetative growth better than the control with orwithout chemical fertilizers. Intercropping the food crops,rice or maize in the juvenile phase of the oil palmplantations, should be beneficial to the productivity of theplantation.

Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum) Untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Elisaberth Rambulangi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to determine how differences in crop growth and yield differences tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) of the two treatments, the use of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. This research is a type of action (action research), because the research is done to solve the problems associated with the theory of learning in the classroom, followed by conducting experiments carried out in the garden with the school experiment conducted two fertilization treatment, to observe the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum ) so that this research also includes experimental research. The data collected in this study, in the form of numerical analyzed using statistics, thus including quantitative research, with data analysis techniques Pairet Samples T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two treatments, the treatment of first use of organic fertilizers represented variables X1, X2,  better than the secound treatments the use of chemical fertilizers (inorganic) are represented by variables Y1, Y2,  on the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum).

scholarly journals IbM KELOMPOK TANI SEJAHTERA YANG MENGHADAPI VIRUS KERITING PADA TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT(Capsicum frutescens L.) DI DESA KEDUNG PADANG, REJOSO, NGANJUK

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sri Utami ◽  
Muh. Waskito Ardhi ◽  
Sigit Ari Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Price ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Pest

Thrips disease in pepper is a complicated issue that is perceived chili farmers in Kedung Padang. The disease is transmitted by Thrips pest sp resulting curly chili plants that do not produce fruit to the fullest. Scarcity and high price of chemical fertilizers made chili farmers find it difficult to get it. In addition, the negative impact of the use of chemical fertilizers to health neglected by farmers chili. The issues above pushed to perform the application of science and technology to society. Objectives and targets are IbM outcomes; (1) raise awareness of the dangers of the use of chemical insecticides; (2) counseling and manufacture of insecticides to control the mahogany seed Plant Pest Organisms (OPT) and; (3) reduce production costs; (4) increase the harvest of chili. The method used in IbM is using extension approaches and manufacture of insecticides from seed Mahogany and direct application on agricultural land area of ¼ acre pepper plants. IbM carried out for 12 months with activities and work procedures as follows; (1) manufacture of product samples; (2) extension hazards of chemical insecticides and manufacture of insecticides; (3) application of insecticides on ¼ acre of agricultural land cayenne pepper. IbM been carried out for 11 months ie from January to November 2014. The activities that have been carried out, among others; (1) manufacture of mahogany seed insecticide product samples; (2) insecticide application mahogany seeds ¼ acres of agricultural land cayenne pepper. Extension hazards of chemical insecticides and insecticide-making mahogany seeds.

scholarly journals Probing Affinity, Avidity, Anti-Cooperativity, and Competition in Antibody and Receptor Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike by Single Particle Mass Analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor C Yin ◽  
Szu-Hsueh Lai ◽  
Tom G Caniels ◽  
Philip J.M. Brouwer ◽  
Mitch Brinkkemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Mass Analysis ◽  
Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Charge Detection ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Igg Binding

Determining how antibodies interact with the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for combating COVID-19. Structural studies typically employ simplified, truncated constructs that may not fully recapitulate the behaviour of the original complexes. Here, we combine two single particle mass analysis techniques (mass photometry and charge-detection mass spectrometry) to enable measurement of full IgG binding to the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain. Our experiments reveal that antibodies targeting the S-trimer typically prefer stoichiometries lower than the symmetry-predicted 3:1 binding. We determine that this behaviour arises from the interplay of steric clashes and avidity effects that are not reflected in common antibody constructs (i.e. Fabs). Surprisingly, these sub-stoichiometric complexes are fully effective at blocking ACE2 binding despite containing free receptor binding sites. Our results highlight the importance of studying antibody/antigen interactions using complete, multimeric constructs and showcase the utility of single particle mass analyses in unraveling these complex interactions.

scholarly journals THE GROWING USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Monika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vedic Period

English: Significant changes have taken place in the importance and form of agriculture from the beginning to the present period. In the Vedic period, the use of iron tools and later the discovery of irrigation techniques made people more efficient in agriculture, while in the British era, growing commercial crops like cotton and indigo brought about a big change and earning money became the main objective of agriculture. As a result of this, the food crisis has emerged as a major problem. The Green Revolution of the 1970s heralded a new era of rapid food production. One of the main catalysts for this revolution was the use of chemical fertilizers. Certainly, the Green Revolution solved the immediate food crisis, but heralded a harmful method for the future. We have to be ready to deal with the ill effects of it.   Hindi: आदि काल से वर्तमान काल तक कृषि के महत्व तथा रूप में आमूलचूल परिवर्तन हुए हैं। वैदिक काल में लोहे के औजारों का प्रयोग तथा बाद में सिंचाई तकनीक की खोज से लोग कृषि में अधिक सक्षम हुए तो वहीं, ब्रिटिश काल में कपास और नील जैसी वाणिज्यिक फसलें उगाने से बड़ा बदलाव आया और धन कमाना कृषि का प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो गया। इसके दुष्परिणाम स्वरूप खाद्य संकट एक बड़ी समस्या के रूप में सामने आया। 1970 के दशक में आई हरित क्रान्ति ने तीव्र खाद्यान्न उत्पादन के एक नए युग का सूत्रपात किया। इस क्रान्ति का एक प्रमुख उत्प्रेरक रासायनिक उर्वरकों का प्रयोग रहा। निश्चय ही हरित क्रान्ति ने तात्कालिक खाद्यान्न संकट का समाधान किया किन्तु भविष्य के लिए एक हानिकारक पद्धति का सूत्रपात कर दिया। जिसके दुष्परिणामों से निपटने के लिए भी हमें तैयार रहना होगा।  

Using acoustics to study the effectiveness of fish habitat restoration: A comparison of methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 2430-2430
Author(s):  
Michael Bollinger ◽  
Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds ◽  
Laura E. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Comparison Of Methods

scholarly journals Hochaufgelöste Visualisierung einzelner Moleküle auf ganzen Zellen

BIOspektrum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-738
Author(s):  
Jan Schlegel ◽  
Markus Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Localization Microscopy ◽  
Adhesion Receptor ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy

AbstractBiological systems are dynamic and three-dimensional but many techniques allow only static and two-dimensional observation of cells. We used three-dimensional (3D) lattice light-sheet single-molecule localization microscopy (dSTORM) to investigate the complex interactions and distribution of single molecules in the plasma membrane of whole cells. Different receptor densities of the adhesion receptor CD56 at different parts of the cell highlight the importance and need of three-dimensional observation and analysis techniques.

scholarly journals A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Stefano Cesco ◽  
Youry Pii ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Guido Orzes ◽  
Paolo Lugli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
Rhizosphere Processes ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

In recent decades, agriculture has faced the fundamental challenge of needing to increase food production and quality in order to meet the requirements of a growing global population. Similarly, viticulture has also been undergoing change. Several countries are reducing their vineyard areas, and several others are increasing them. In addition, viticulture is moving towards higher altitudes and latitudes due to climate change. Furthermore, global warming is also exacerbating the incidence of fungal diseases in vineyards, forcing farmers to apply agrochemicals to preserve production yields and quality. The repeated application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides in conventional and organic farming has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils, posing environmental and toxicological threats. High Cu concentrations in soils can have multiple impacts on agricultural systems. In fact, it can (i) alter the chemical-physical properties of soils, thus compromising their fertility; (ii) induce toxicity phenomena in plants, producing detrimental effects on growth and productivity; and (iii) affect the microbial biodiversity of soils, thereby influencing some microbial-driven soil processes. However, several indirect (e.g., management of rhizosphere processes through intercropping and/or fertilization strategies) and direct (e.g., exploitation of vine resistant genotypes) strategies have been proposed to restrain Cu accumulation in soils. Furthermore, the application of precision and smart viticulture paradigms and their related technologies could allow a timely, localized and balanced distribution of agrochemicals to achieve the required goals. The present review highlights the necessity of applying multidisciplinary approaches to meet the requisites of sustainability demanded of modern viticulture.

scholarly journals The effects of seaweed fertilizer on the growth and productivity of upland rice, maize and oil palm grown in green house Pengaruh pupuk rumput laut terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi gogo, jagung dan kelapa sawit di rumah kaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko SANTOSO ◽  
Tetty CHAIDAMSARI ◽  
. SYAFARUDDIN ◽  
Dedi Soleh EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Coast Line ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Green House ◽  
Better Than

AbstrakSebagai negara kepulauan di daerah tropis, Indonesiakaya akan sumberdaya alam untuk swasembada pangan.Berjuta-juta hektar lahan di Indonesia ditanami tanamanperkebunan, tanaman tahunan yang memiliki masa juvenilyang relatif lama, terutama tanaman kelapa sawit dan karet.Sementara itu, upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi panganterkendala oleh terbatasnya lahan subur. Penelitian yangmengeksplorasi bioregulator alami mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas tanaman, menemukan bahwa Sargasum sp.,rumput laut tipe liar yang di sepanjang pantai beberapawilayah Indonesia, menunjukkan kemampuannya meningkat-kan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman seperti padi,jagung, tomat dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit tanpapenambahan pupuk kimia. Percobaan pada padi gogovarietas Batutegi yang ditanam di rumah kaca, menunjuk-kan bahwa bioregulator alami tersebut meningkatkanproduktivitasnya 50% lebih tinggi daripada kontrolnya.Percobaan menggunakan jagung var. Arjuna, tanaman yangtelah diperlakukan dengan bioregulator tersebut mem-produksi dua hingga tiga tongkol, sementara pada tanamankontrol hanya satu tongkol. Percobaan pada tanamankelapa sawit di rumahkaca memperlihatkan bahwa bio-regulator tersebut menginduksi pertumbuhan vegetatifnyasecara signifikan, lebih baik daripada kontrol dengan atautanpa pupuk kimia. Intercropping tanaman kelapa sawitTBM dengan tanaman pangan seperti padi gogo ataujagung, diharapkan lebih menguntungkan bagi usahaperkebunan.AbstractBeing a tropical archipelago, Indonesia is rich withnatural resources enabling more production for food.Millions hectares of Indonesian lands is now planted withestate crops, perennial crops with relatively lengthenjuvenile phase mainly oil palm and rubber. Meanwhile,attempts to increase national food production have beenlimited by availability of fertile lands. Our researchexploring natural bioregulator capable of improving cropproductivity, found that Sargasum sp., a wild sea weedgrown mostly along the coast line in Indonesia, indicated itsability to improve the growth and productivity of crops likerice, maize, tomato and oil palm even though with nochemical fertilizers added. The experiment on upland rice oflocal variety Batutegi planted in greenhouse, demonstratedthe natural bioregulator has increased the rice productivityby at least 50% over the control. The experiment usingmaize var. Arjuna, the bioregulator treated plants has madetwo to three corncobs instead of only one corncob on thecontrol plants. The experiment on the oil palm grown in thenursery showed that the bioregulator has significantlyinduced vegetative growth better than the control with orwithout chemical fertilizers. Intercropping the food crops,rice or maize in the juvenile phase of the oil palmplantations, should be beneficial to the productivity of theplantation.

scholarly journals Grazing and Orthoptera: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Biological Component ◽  
Bush Crickets

Orthoptera are an important biological component of grasslands as a crucial link in the food chain. Grazing, either by wild animals or livestock for human food production, exerts considerable influence on the Orthoptera of grasslands. For example, grazing prevents succession of open grasslands to scrub and forest, creates heterogeneity in sward height, and provides patches of bare earth through the action of livestock hooves breaking the vegetative cover. Grazing may also interact with other forms of grassland management such as burning to produce quite complex interactions which vary greatly between regions and Orthoptera species. Threats to grassland Orthoptera include overgrazing; conversely, abandonment of grazing can lead to the loss of open habitats vital to many species. It is important to have ungrazed areas to provide refuges for species negatively affected by grazing. Rotational management – moving domestic livestock between different pastures – will also allow a range of sward structures to develop over a landscape. The over-arching principle for grazing management should be to establish a heterogeneous sward with a range of sward heights and bare earth for oviposition/basking. In more extensive systems, patches of scrub can form habitat of woody vegetation for species such as bush crickets. The greatest diversity of habitats should provide the highest species richness.

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