The influence of flushing fluids rheological properties on rock breaking efficiency when drilling wells by pellet impact drilling method

Introduction. Pellet impact drilling method which is basically the destruction of rocks by blows of pellets, has been studied by many researchers. Despite this, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid used in pellet impact drilling have not been investigated yet. All bench and field tests were carried out using service water. The use of a drilling fluid with a higher viscosity than water has the potential to expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. Therefore, it becomes urgent to study the effectiveness of destruction of rocks when using flushing fluids with different rheological parameters. Objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of rock destruction in the process of drilling wells using the pellet impact drilling method at various rheological parameters of the drilling fluid. Methods of research. A scaled laboratory bench was used in the research. The bench was a closed system of circulation of the drilling fluid (drilling mud). The solution was prepared separately on a high-speed mixer. The main part of the bench was a scaled pellet drill bit located in a simulated well. After the experiment, the destructed rock volume and the rheological parameters of the flushing fluid were measured. A series of experiments was carried out with a gradual increase in the viscosity of the flushing fluid. A biopolymer (xanthan gum) in various concentrations was used to thicken the flushing fluid. Drilling fluid rheological parameters were measured using an eight-speed rotary viscometer and a Marsh funnel. Results. For the first time, a relationship has been established between the efficiency of rock destruction during pellet impact drilling and the rheological parameters of the drilling fluid used. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of biopolymer and an increase in viscosity, at first, there was a significant increase in the volume of drilled rock per unit time, and with a further increase in concentration, a gradual decrease occurs. Conclusions. The results obtained expand the field of application of pellet impact drilling. The reliability of predicting the drilling speed is improved depending on changes in the properties of the drilling fluid. Based on the results, recommendations were made for the selection of the optimal parameters of the drilling fluid, depending on the drilling conditions.

Download Full-text

Enhancement lubricity properties of water-based mud with nanoparticles

Azerbaijan Oil Industry ◽

10.37474/0365-8554/2020-10-70-74 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

V.V. Guliyev ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Yield Point ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Research Work ◽

Shear Thinning ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Drilling Process ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Pseudoplastic Fluid ◽

Water Based

Currently, a great number of drilling fluids with different additives are used all over the world. Such additives are applied to control the properties of the drilling mud. The main purpose for controlling is to achieve more effective and safe drilling process. This research work aims to develop Water-Based Mud (WBM) with a Coefficient of Friction (CoF) as low as Oil-Based Mud (OBM) and better rheological properties. As it is known, produced CoF by WBM is higher than OBM, which means high friction between wellbore or casing and drill string. It was the reason for studying the effect of nanosilica on drilling fluid properties such as lubricity, rheological parameters and filtrate loss volume of drilling mud. The procedures were carried out following API RP 13B and API 13I standards. Five concentrations of nanosilica were selected to be tested. According to the results obtained, it was defined that adding nanosilica into the mud decreases CoF of basic WBM by 26 % and justifies nanosilica as a good lubricating agent for drilling fluid. The decreasing trend in coefficient of friction and plastic viscosity for nanosilica was obtained until the concentration of 0.1 %. This reduction is due to the shear thinning or pseudoplastic fluid behavior. After 0.1 %, an increase at PV value trend indicates that it does not follow shear thinning behavior and after reaching a certain amount of dissolved solids in the mud, it acts like normal drilling fluid. The yield point of the mud containing nanoparticles was higher than the basic one. Moreover, a growth in the concentration leads to an increase in yield point value. The improvement of this fluid system cleaning capacity via hydraulics modification and wellhole stability by filter cake endurance increase by adding nanosilica is shown as well. The average well construction data of “Neft Dashlary” field was used for the simulation studies conducted for the investigation of hydraulics parameters of reviewed fluids for all series of experiments. The test results were accepted reliable in case of at least 3 times repeatability.

Download Full-text

Comparative Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Irvingia Gabonensis Ogbono and Foreign Polymer for Bentonite Formulated Mud.

10.2118/207112-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Ayodele ◽

David Ekuma ◽

Ikechukwu Okafor ◽

Innocent Nweze

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Research Work ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Local Product ◽

Irvingia Gabonensis

Abstract Drilling fluid are complex fluids consisting of several additives. These additives are added to enhance and control the rheological properties (such as viscosity, gel strength and yield point) of the mud. These properties are controlled for effective drilling of a well. This research work is focused on determining the rheological behavior of drilling mud using industry-based polymer and Irvingia Gabonensis (ogbono) as viscosifiers. Water based muds were formulated from the aforementioned locally sourced viscosifier and that of the conventional used viscosifier (Carboxylmetyl cellulose, CMC). Laboratory tests were carried out on the different muds formulated and their rheological properties (such as yield stress, shear stress, plastic viscosity and shear rate) are evaluated. The concentration of the viscosifiers were varied. The expected outcome of the research work aims at lowering the total drilling cost by reducing the importation of foreign polymer which promotes the development of local content in the oil and gas industry. The research compares the rheology of mud samples and the effect of varying the concentration (2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, and 10g) of both CMC and Ogbono and determining the changes in their rheological properties. The total volume of each mud sample is equivalent to 350ml which represent one barrel (42gal) in the lab. From the result, at concentration of 2g, the ogbono mud has a better rheology than the CMC mud, but at a concentration above 2g, CMC mud shows a better rheology than ogbono mud, that is, as the concentration of CMC is increased, the rheological properties of the mud increased while as the concentration of ogbono is increased the rheological properties decreased. The viscosity of the drilling fluid produced from the ogbono were lower than that of CMC, it could be used together with another local product such as cassava starch, offor or to further improve the rheology and then be a substitute to the conventional viscosifiers.

Download Full-text

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

10.53902/tpe.2021.01.000508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Osei H

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Attrition Rate ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Cleaning Efficiency ◽

Drilling Operation ◽

Water Based ◽

Petroleum Resources ◽

Drilling Muds ◽

The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

Download Full-text

Development of New Models to Determine the Rheological Parameters of Water-based Drilling Fluid Using Artificial Intelligence

10.2118/204597-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farqad Hadi ◽

Ali Noori ◽

Hussein Hussein ◽

Ameer Khudhair

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

High Performance ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Solid Content ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Water Based ◽

Fluid Properties ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Marsh Funnel

Abstract It is well known that drilling fluid is a key parameter for optimizing drilling operations, cleaning the hole, and managing the rig hydraulics and margins of surge and swab pressures. Although the experimental works present valid and reliable results, they are expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, continuous and regular determination of the rheological mud properties can perform its essential functions during well construction. More uncertainties in planning the drilling fluid properties meant that more challenges may be exposed during drilling operations. This study presents two predictive techniques, multiple regression analysis (MRA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), to determine the rheological properties of water-based drilling fluid based on other simple measurable properties. While mud density (MW), marsh funnel (MF), and solid% are key input parameters in this study, the output functions or models are plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), apparent viscosity (AV), and gel strength. The prediction methods were demonstrated by means of a field case in eastern Iraq, using datasets from daily drilling reports of two wells in addition to the laboratory measurements. To test the performance ability of the developed models, two error-based metrics (determination coefficient R2 and root mean square error RMSE) have been used in this study. The current results of this study support the evidence that MW, MF, and solid% are consistent indexes for the prediction of rheological properties. Both mud density and solid content have a relative-significant effect on increasing PV, YP, AV, and gel strength. However, a scattering around each fit curve is observed which proved that one rheological property alone is not sufficient to estimate other properties. The results also reveal that both MRA and ANN are conservative in estimating the fluid rheological properties, but ANN is more precise than MRA. Eight empirical mathematical models with high performance capacity have been developed in this study to determine the rheological fluid properties based on simple and quick equipment as mud balance and marsh funnel. This study presents cost-effective models to determine the rheological fluid properties for future well planning in Iraqi oil fields.

Download Full-text

Newly Developed Correlations to Predict the Rheological Parameters of High-Bentonite Drilling Fluid Using Neural Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20102787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2787

Author(s):

Ahmed Gowida ◽

Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽

Khaled Abdelgawad ◽

Rahul Gajbhiye

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Cleaning Efficiency ◽

Periodic Monitoring ◽

Data Points ◽

Ann Models ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Marsh Funnel

High-bentonite mud (HBM) is a water-based drilling fluid characterized by its remarkable improvement in cutting removal and hole cleaning efficiency. Periodic monitoring of the rheological properties of HBM is mandatory for optimizing the drilling operation. The objective of this study is to develop new sets of correlations using artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the rheological parameters of HBM while drilling using the frequent measurements, every 15 to 20 min, of mud density (MD) and Marsh funnel viscosity (FV). The ANN models were developed using 200 field data points. The dataset was divided into 70:30 ratios for training and testing the ANN models respectively. The optimized ANN models showed a significant match between the predicted and the measured rheological properties with a high correlation coefficient (R) higher than 0.90 and a maximum average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 6%. New empirical correlations were extracted from the ANN models to estimate plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and apparent viscosity (AV) directly without running the models for easier and practical application. The results obtained from AV empirical correlation outperformed the previously published correlations in terms of R and AAPE.

Download Full-text

Experimental Study of Drilled Cuttings Transport Using Common Drilling Muds

Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal ◽

10.2118/10674-pa ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (01) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Syed M. Hussaini ◽

Jamal J. Azar

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Transport Model ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Pressure Losses ◽

Drilling Muds

Abstract Experiments are conducted with actual drilling muds to study the behavior of drilled cuttings in a vertical annulus. The effect of parameters such as particle size, flow rate, apparent viscosity, and yield point to plastic viscosity ratio on mud-carrying capacity are studied. The applicability of a semiempirical transport model developed by Zeidler also is investigated. It has been shown that in vertical annuluses, the fluid annular velocity has a major effect on the carrying capacity of muds, while the other parameters have an effect only at low to medium fluid annular velocities. We also conclude that Zeidler's semiempirical formulations for the prediction of drilled cuttings behavior are valid with certain limitations. Introduction One of the most important functions of a drilling fluid is to transpose the drilled particles (cuttings) generated by the drill bit to the surface through the wellbore annulus. This commonly is called the "carrying capacity" of drilling mud. Factors affecting the ability of drilling muds to lift cuttings arefluid rheological properties and flow rate,particle settling velocities,particle size and size distribution, geometry, orientation, and concentration,penetration rate of drill bits,rotary speed of drillstring,fluid density.annulus inclination, anddrillpipe position in the wellbore (eccentricity) and axially varying flow geometry. With the advent of deeper drilling and better bit designs, the demand for expending most of the energy at the bit has made it necessary to minimize the pressure losses in the annulus. These pressure losses depend on the fluid velocity, fluid density, and particle concentration. By control of these factors, pressure losses can be minimized. The particle slip velocity is an important factor and is defined as the velocity at which a particle tends to settle in a fluid because of is own weight. The velocity depends on the particle size, its geometry, its specific weight, and fluid rheological properties. The carrying capacity of muds also is affected by the velocity profile in the annulus. With all these variables acting simultaneously, the determination of carrying capacity of a mud becomes a complicated problem. An optimal drilling fluid is expected to lift the cuttings from the wellbore, suspend them when circulation is stopped, and drop them at the surface. Failure to achieve this performance often leads to problems that are costly and performance often leads to problems that are costly and time-consuming to solve. To avoid such problems, the previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in the design of an optimal drilling fluid. Previous Investigations Previous Investigations SPEJ P. 11

Download Full-text

Study on rheological properties of aviation lubricating oil under conditions of heavy load, high speed, and high temperature

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology ◽

10.1108/ilt-09-2018-0345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 525-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhen Li ◽

Xiaoli Zhao ◽

Dezhi Zheng ◽

Tingjian Wang ◽

Le Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Rheological Model ◽

High Speed ◽

Traction Force ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Heavy Load ◽

Content Type ◽

Loop Control

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the rheological properties of aviation lubricating oil under conditions of heavy load, high speed and high temperature and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions. Design/methodology/approach A Chinese aviation lubricating oil was used and its traction curves were obtained using a new two-disk tribotester. Its rheological parameters were calculated based on empirical formulae. Moreover, the traction force was calculated based on the classical Eyring rheological model. Findings The traction curves are obtained with respect to contact pressure, temperature and rolling speed. The rheological parameters are significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially viscosity. The traction force calculated using the Eyring model is consistent with the experimental results. Originality/value A novel two-disk tribotester was designed using a gas bearing and speed–force closed-loop control to ensure measurement accuracy. The mechanism of rheological properties was analyzed and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions was verified. It provided an experimental and theoretical basis for expanding the application of classical rheological models under extreme conditions.

Download Full-text

Modification of Nanoclay Systems: An Approach to Stabilizing Drilling Fluids

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.818 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 829 ◽

pp. 818-824

Author(s):

Sahar Kafashi ◽

Ramin Taghdimi ◽

Gholamreza Karimi

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Water Soluble Polymer ◽

The Stability ◽

Oil Company

This study was aimed to investigate the rheological properties and the possibility of nano(Na, Ca )- bentonites nanoproducts to meet the required drilling mud properties. Sepiolite (Sp) and the mixture of 2% nanoNaB with 1% Sp were collected and prepared from Irans oil Company (NIOC). The nanoclay performance evaluation involved the experimental tests of the rheological properties, filtration and gel strength. According to the results obtained from flow properties tests for the mixture, it was indicated that the mixture was not adequate to be a suitable drilling fluid. The main objective was to make stable dispersions with nanobentonite and sepiolite by using a water soluble polymer as stabilizer. The changes in the rheological properties of bentonite were investigated at various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to discover the stability of the dispersions. The standard API tests were applied for drilling fluid to determine the properties of dispersions.

Download Full-text

Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelet and Silver Nanoparticle on the Rheological Properties of WaterBased Mud †

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8081386 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hazlina Husin ◽

Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽

Hyoung Jin Choi ◽

Zachary Aman

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Oil Field ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Fluid System ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Water Based

Water-based mud is known as an environmental-friendly drilling fluid system. The formulation of water-based mud is designed to have specific rheological properties under specific oil field conditions. In this study, graphene nanoplatelet and silver nanoparticle (nanosilver) were added to a water-based mud formulation in which they act as drilling mud additives. Rheological properties measurements and filtration tests were conducted for evaluating the influence of the added nanoparticles. The results showed that the graphene nanoplatelet and the nanosilver increased the plastic viscosity (PV) by up to 89.2% and 64.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, both the yield point (YP) and the fluid loss values were reduced. In addition, we believe this is the first result ever report where nanosilver is utilized for enhancing-enhanced water-based mud’s performance.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Non-Linear Rheological Characteristics of Barite-Free Drilling Fluids

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids6090327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Ekaterina Leusheva ◽

Nataliia Brovkina ◽

Valentin Morenov

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Gas Wells ◽

Oil And Gas Wells ◽

Fluid Properties ◽

Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide ◽

Drilling Muds

Drilling fluids play an important role in the construction of oil and gas wells. Furthermore, drilling of oil and gas wells at offshore fields is an even more complex task that requires application of specialized drilling muds, which are non-Newtonian and complex fluids. With regard to fluid properties, it is necessary to manage the equivalent circulation density because its high values can lead to fracture in the formation, loss of circulation and wellbore instability. Thus, rheology of the used drilling mud has a significant impact on the equivalent circulation density. The aim of the present research is to develop compositions of drilling muds with a low solids load based on salts of formate acid and improve their rheological parameters for wells with a narrow drilling fluid density range. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide of different molecular weights was proposed as a replacement for hydrolized polyacrylamide. The experiment was conducted on a Fann rotary viscometer. The article presents experimentally obtained data of indicators such as plastic viscosity, yield point, nonlinearity index and consistency coefficient. Experimental data were analyzed by the method of approximation. Analysis is performed in order to determine the most suitable rheological model, which describes the investigated fluids’ flow with the least error.

Download Full-text